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Lesson 1

This document contains a lesson on English reading, writing, grammar, and verb tenses. It discusses three types of reading: intensive reading, skimming, and scanning. It provides examples of using capital letters and punctuation in writing. It also covers linking ideas using conjunctions like "and" and "but", parts of speech, and using the simple present tense in English.

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69 views4 pages

Lesson 1

This document contains a lesson on English reading, writing, grammar, and verb tenses. It discusses three types of reading: intensive reading, skimming, and scanning. It provides examples of using capital letters and punctuation in writing. It also covers linking ideas using conjunctions like "and" and "but", parts of speech, and using the simple present tense in English.

Uploaded by

hasan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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English 4/ Lesson 1 Civil Dept. Dr.

Hussein Al-Bahrani

Lesson 1

1. Types of reading:
1. Intensive reading/ study reading:
slow and careful reading. For
example, we read a textbook, an
article, or a report to understand
everything. Then we read slowly to
check the meaning. We use our
dictionaries a lot to help us. Perhaps
we take notes and try to remember
things. Sometimes we need to learn
things by heart, for example a poem,
or a mathematical equation.
2. Skimming: quick reading to get the
general idea from a newspaper
article, a report, or in a book in a
bookshop. Perhaps we want to know
what it is about, or if it is interesting
or important.
3. Scanning: quick reading to get a
particular piece of information, such
as a date, a telephone number, or
the name of a restaurant. We scan
timetables, telephone directories,
dictionaries, and web pages.

Practice1. Match situations 1 – 3 with the ways of reading a – c.


Situation Ways of reading
1. Reading a chapter of a physics a. Study reading
textbook to understand a topic.
2. Looking for a room number on an b. Skimming
exam timetable.
3. Choosing an interesting book to read. c. scanning

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English 4/ Lesson 1 Civil Dept. Dr. Hussein Al-Bahrani

2. Writing
Use capital letters for the first letter of:
a. the first word of a sentence, for example: He studies English.
b. people's names: Nora
c. titles: Mr., Mrs., Miss., Dr., Professor
d. cities and countries: Turkey, Bejing
e. languages: English
f. the names of schools, colleges, and companies: International
College, Microsoft
Remember – Use a full stop (.) at the end of a sentence, and use a
question mark (?) at the end of a question.
3. Linking ideas
Use and or but to join sentences. Look at the examples:
 Hassan lives in Izmir. He works in an internet café.
Hassan lives in Izmir and he works in an internet café.
 I understand Farsi. I don't speak it very well.
I understand Farsi, but I don't speak it very well.
Linking idea makes your writing easier to follow.
And is an adding linking idea. Ideas are often linked by and. In a list,
you put a comma between each item, but not before and.
But is a contracting linking idea. But is more informal than however.
It is not normally used at the beginning of a sentence.
Practice 2. Join the sentences. Use and or but.
1. I am 18 years old. I am single.
2. I am from turkey. I live in the capital, Ankara.
3. Joe comes from India. He is working in Germany at the
moment.
4. Maria and Jose are married. They have four children.
5. Sam likes computers. He doesn't like computer games.
6. I want to build a big villa near my parents' house. I have no
money.

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English 4/ Lesson 1 Civil Dept. Dr. Hussein Al-Bahrani

4. Parts of speech
It is important to know the part of speech of a new word. The table
below summarizes the 9 parts of speech. For more details visit:
https://www.englishclub.com/grammar/parts-of-speech.htm

part of function or "job" example example sentences


speech words

Verb action or state (to) be, have, English Club is a web site.
do, like, work, I like English Club.
sing, can, must

Noun thing or person pen, dog, This is my dog. He lives in


work, music, my house. We live in London.
town, London,
teacher, John

Adjective describes a noun good, big, red, My dogs are big. I like big dogs.
well,
interesting

Determiner limits or a/an, the, 2, I have two dogs


"determines" a some, many and some rabbits.
noun

Adverb describes a verb, quickly, My dog eats quickly. When he


adjective or silently, well, is very hungry, he
adverb badly, very, eats really quickly.
really

Pronoun replaces a noun I, you, he, she, Tara is Indian. She is beautiful.
some

Preposition links a noun to to, at, after, We went to school on Monday.


another word on, but

Conjunction joins clauses or and, but, when I like dogs and I like cats. I like
sentences or cats and dogs. I like dogs, but I
words don't like cats.

Interjection short oh!, ouch!, hi!, Ouch! That hurts!


exclamation, well. Hi! How are you?
sometimes Well, I don't know.
inserted into a
sentence

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English 4/ Lesson 1 Civil Dept. Dr. Hussein Al-Bahrani

5. Simple present tense


The simple present (also called present simple or present indefinite)
is a verb tense which is used to show repetition, habit or
generalization. Less commonly, the simple present can be used to
talk about scheduled actions in the near future and, in some cases,
actions happening now. Read on for detailed descriptions, examples,
and simple present exercises.
The simple present is just the base form of the verb. Questions are
made with do and negative forms are made with do not.
 Statement: You speak English.
 Question: Do you speak English?
 Negative: You do not speak English.
In the third person singular, -s or -es is added. Questions are made
with does and negative forms are made with does not.
 Statement: He speaks English.
 Question: Does he speak English?
 Negative: He does not speak English.
Positive form (+) Negative form (-) Question form (?)
Sbj. + V1(-s, -es, ies) Sbj. + does/do NOT + V1 Does/Do + Sbj. + V1
He He He
She + reads She + does not + read Does + She + read
it it it
I I I
You + read You + do not + read Do + You + read
We We We
They They They

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