Full Magnetic Physics

and 12-3 Q)
Full
Coverage : Delta Crash Course
Moving charges Magnetism :

and Matter 11 Q )
Magnetism
:

Induction :( 2 Q)
Electromagnetic
Alternating current : 12-4 Q )
11-2 Q)
Electromagnetic waves :

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ARMY LIVE
Goals of this Class
Full Coverage of the Chapter

:Question Practice along with it.

Good Quality Notes = Good Quality

Understanding
Force that a
charge can
experience
perpendicular tot
B→
/ EY B→
as well as

(Lorentz Electric

1
Force)
✗
(Lorentz

Magnetic
Force)

918×13-3
He / =qE I
(1%-1-1--73)
horentzforce.MU
director
-

(direct" of F) .
[
Right Hand Rule)
Thumb
fingers point :P
.

←
'

Curl :B→
 qEÉ
'
+q
✓
④ B-
→
⑨ -

q
FÉB 0
-4 -19
=

~
FI
FB
fr
←•
fr
• → FB

+
q q
-

* E'☐ ( directly → in the directs of @ B) ✗

+
q .

to IT'✗B→ ) for c-g)

→
opposite a -

* conditions in which F→B=O 0=0,180

#
-
-

←
Uncharged 5=0
 ④ r
In acts on
moving Acts the
charge
only on

matter what
charges .
no .

I since
it acts to to the

velocity , it will never

Have the tendency to
de accelerate accelerate or deaccelerate
accelerate .
or

the charge
.
a
charge .

Provides the
centripetal
force to the
moving
charge .
?⃝
 ←
ÑL B→ →
WFB = 0 →
DKEFB = 0
Pp,z=o
MI
MRI g. v13
=
=

✗
✗ ⑧ ✗

ÉÉ¥i÷i*ñ
.- -
-

✗
✗ r=m÷j÷
Hii p "

Viii;÷
/ 9B£
-

I
-

✓
✗
✗
✗

v =

circle
Perfect rap

1-
2ñR_ ↳
=

KE =

Igm v2
-

";÷
=

←
independent KE
9LBm
=

of V
Ñ B→
'

Is not 1 to the
completely

> BY
in circle
put the
charge
\

yet
will a .

R=
mqvj-mrsgipnovt-vs.in
@
•
- >

*•
→ >

responsible for
the
v1, = VASO ( it will be
linear motion) .

He
The will in a helix -

charge move

214%
1-
=

room .

Ip F-p
Pitch
→
of the helix = vii. T = (vcoso) ( Ñ÷q)
Biot Sav art's haw :
y
④ Cdg
dB→p a

T2

dB→p =

Ugg 2¥
.

:P scalar
r
④ Equatn
dd

{
EA
director

~
specify .

)
dB→p=Y÷ I(d÷xr^
⇐

dB→p =

U÷,
.

Ild¥× ⇐
 '
B- due to a circular wire (Applicatory at it's centre
dl
pµ→ II

±gR dB→o=u÷ I!d¥

e.
✗ ④

de I R

⑦
dB
Ugg t4¥÷
u =
.

R
r

É de dB→o ④
:-, CHILI
.
=

ZITR

BI =
fdB→
0

.sc?ER)BI--uiI-
÷
=
 axial
'
B' duetoa circular wire -
at it's
point .

de

dB→=÷,.Ild÷:
.
r

past x=(R4r2)Y2

•
of0
n

d. Bsino .

^dBÉ€Ñ;;p
ai-0

/
go:O
d¥ÉÉ¥cq÷
-

µ
.

'qa§Bqi→
-

0
re

cancel -_dBGsO
.

or .

de

kdB→

CB-hetyatp-OCB.net/n- fdBse- fdB.sPno=fY-, .Id1-Ise .

 211-12 .

B→p=
f 4¥ IL-z.de .

1¥;÷÷¥-
=

¥÷y%
'
B-p' IN
u; ¥
=
. =
.

I3 .
.

¥0
÷±÷ •÷
 '
B- due to a
segment of circular wire :

%÷
21T
"
⑧ ÷ .

•
'

:
.

.io
1¥
u÷ Y÷
÷
•
. . . . .

,
,
'
B- duetoa
straight wire :

B→p=
ugf-p.ts-n-i-sin-P.tn✗
a •
p

^
pl ,

I
atthecorne.ro/-anPnfinitely
1
long wire
.

E- ao
. Ge i.
UPN
✗ =qo
.

r
UP • -- - - - - - - - - - •
p !
'

B=9o
g- a
Bp=Uo_I(sionaoitsino )
011Th
IN Bp=UoI_Csfn0+Sin9o ) =UoI_
YITR
411T .

B=o
>

i. LPN) . - - - - - - - - - - . .

r p
duetoantnfinitelylongwire.cgfe-q.t #uplN)d--9iBp'---Yy,,I-
7
r
p
Csinaotsinao )

÷
B=9o
.

=Yg÷r
" '
B- duetofiniote straight
•
LP wire
00

case 60
'

B→p=Uu;¥rGin60tSinU5%
1^7 r ,
p
I
•

451
=Y÷r(E+¥) .
 circuital Law
Ampere's
.

I
hoop ( Ienclosed )

§ B-
'
•
dl = Uo .
I

B→
For
any
am
per Pan loop ,
the line integral of
us times the
enclosed current
will be
given by
.
 '
B-duets wire B→duetoa solenoid
straight 7-
No
of turns :N
Ican
draw an
Length :L n=Y
amperian Current :S .

in
loop that
%÷→ .
nassame
'
11*41^1
i→④
B- for ②
⑤
every point
§B?dl= Uoiendosed -

ftp.dl-uo.I .

(B) (d) Cos 0° =

llo.me .
I

Bdl=Uo -
I .
+

[email protected]
B. I =

B=Y;÷
+
0

B=Uo⑧ÉN
 Bitoropd ( Toroid : Circular solenoid ) .

Ntotal :N

JB .dl=UoIen BY ④ Length __ 211-12 .

( i④=i , Fff ⑨
so YER
ienc -0 ↳ ,
r -
.

f →
ftp.dl-uoien
- R
p
C fen=O_
- } 13-2--0

sssssst
✓
BI
B}
"

f¥=÷ir .

B=Uo⑧I .

ftp.dl-uoi.BG/TR)=Uo.I.N=B=UoI.yN--p
Famous
type :

•
i, { >

Given
v
amperian loop

§
.

B. all =
↳ Ienclosed
not enclosed -

=
Uo ( + iz + %) .

ÉÉ < > s

§B?dÑ = Uo enclosed
I .

=
Uo [ tip +
(1-12) + •
( + %)
]
=
Us [13+103-4] .
Force current wire in B→
on a
carrying
:

④ B→
current : I .

>

length :L .

shortest distance
Éwire IV. e. v. B

gɵ,→
and
=

b/wstarting
Ñwire g-
=

" ¥" ending of the

conductor -

Hand
Right
.

in the direct" I.
of
.my fingers
⑨ Point
B→
.

② curl in the directs of

③ Thumb : Director
of F.
 "% ④ B→
I .

HEY G) Cart CB)

Ii
< FIX
•
→
• →

> ~
→
deff =2R .

f→ AM 7
-

④ B→ ↳
left -0
↳ Epi -0
'

deff .

•
>
• .

*
Any closed loop lying
in d. to the BT
a
plane IFT =
G) ( GR) (B)
will not experience any force .
=
GBIR .
?⃝
 E'b/w wires
two current
carrying
.

: : : i

ask air A&p HER

⑧ ⑦ 137=4
;÷r ④ ④ B.
=¥÷r
B→z=÷÷ ←•
B2=Uo92
2¥

:→→! e) iii. Bi ←!÷>-→(Ee)a .

(%) ii. B2
,
=

=4;¥÷. 1%4=9.132 =i2.B ,

=%÷÷ =u÷÷ =•÷÷

* Both the wires are
attracting * Both the wires are
repelling
eachother with same each other with same

force per unit length .

force per
unit

length .
 Moving Coil
Galvanometer
ummmm
:

sensitive Ammeter
I
connected Fn series ,
in the branch

in which the current

of circuit
needs to be detected .

Electrostatics
Magnetic physics .

Ptdipoie ( B. E) (Ñ BT )
PEdpp.ie
-
= -
= -
.

Tdipok = ÑXE "

T.dfpoie-i.IT?ixB "

f current
carrying loop
(1) (Area) .

py→
.
 In a
moving coil galvanometer ,

Neoils → attached →
string
I
Iccurrent
tw
.

It
Tl = N -

Mkoil -
B .

visible in the form

= iv. I. A. B- deflector in the
galvanometer
.

angle of twist
=D
'

DBE O =
NIAB
→ couple per
B→
-

unit twist
Odeflectn
'

=N%B_
?⃝
 sensitivity of a MOG

st=¥_A→ N?¥¥moq .

current sensitivity .

voltage sensitivity
011=1 A) .

0 (DV=dV ) .

Oi Or IÑIBA
N¥!A_
=

É(ñoÉ:t
=

> (a) same .

 Chapter
= .

Magnet Magnetic
and it's
Materials
properties
Magnetic
Equipments
'

Earth's

Magnetism
 and it's
Magnets Properties
:

+m m ( South)
( North )
-

>
e

⇐
moment M→ ( m) (e)
Magnetic Dipole
= =
•

Magnet Magnetic dipole

• :
.

(N -

)
S -
Attract .

(N - N
)
>→ Repel .

(s - s )
+m 1- M2
,
•
•

Force b/w →
two monopoles FBI
¥- MITI
F ✗
m,m÷
=
.
•
B→ due to a
monopole :

•m_^ > •
④
air / vaccum

* ÷÷÷i÷
-
-
'

never exist individually

Monopoles unlike charges
• .

in
They will always be present pairs .

and Relative Permeabity

Permeability
• :

↳
ummm

ut (Uhm =
Um_
' Uo
B-
stronger
.
 in-y.BG , vaccum ( Uo)

Medium ( Um)
m
. → ④a

Bi
=U÷+ my
.

132=17-1--7-2 .

B÷g=%m=¥rni ; Relative
permeabity
of a medium
 Electrostatic
Magnetic Physics
D= 191111 it =/ mllll

C- g. → C- m → +m )
+
g)

in Beit
text Magnet
.

in
Dipole
.

É=Ñ×B→
p→✗E→
•

I→
-

-
=

•
Potential = -
M→.B→
•

Potential = -
p?E→
Energy
Energy

@ relative)m= km (6)relative
Egg =Um_
=
-
m

Uo
 Cutting of Magnets
• :

M=(M)i= Initial magnetic moment .

+M M
:
-

:
÷
: ÷:-.
÷:*
. . .
-
. -
- - - -
- -
. - - - - - - -
- .

I m -
- -

i -1m
i

cutting of a
magnet 1 cutting of a magnet
to it's length in along it's length in
two
two
equal parts equal parts
'
.

+ m
/2
1- M M
Mh
-
-

÷÷ ÷
÷:÷÷
.

÷:

%
>
m

I → same
-

half M④
m -

d- half
same
M④
 Units and dimensions :

moment Ama
1.
Magnetic
:

:
[ All ] .

Am
My
:
2-
Monopole strength
:

: [ AL] .

medium
Permeability of a :
3.

[1411--2] [ AZIZ]
¥g Y÷
F- = .
= Uo .

Ti .

=[MIT -2A
-2
Uo
Magnetic field Magnet
due a :

closer
-
" '
:
stronger B→
"

mi ⑨
'

Bp ?
+m
-

→
⑧É⑧
•
←
Bi
→ =Uy÷'%+e, a

B2=U÷ 7¥ .

⇐
'

Biaxial .

←←
113-2×1 =/Bit -11371 .

Biaxial
M→ =

IF %Ñ÷2
.
i

YO -_ O
'

•
product
cross {
shortmagne.to
:O r >> I .

Dot
product :C-11
B→a
2%3
Uo
.

=
'

Tt .
 By

④
q.jo#Jj.
.rs?- Y-jmTeoa. :m.-#i:-*:. - - B-i -
% Fez
,
-

1B→y ) : cancels out .

-1m

13-2=213%50
F.
=2×÷;mñi%
sµ→-°→B→eq
.

0--180
Dot product
=Y÷ ÷ '

cross
t↳
<
-0 .

Ñequit =Uy÷ ¥+74312

•
g-
113%1=4%-73
. '

Short
Magnet
.

rssl .
Earth 's
Magnetic Field :

Magnetic •
Geographic -

North Pole .

•
North
Pole
Angle of declination
.

to

angle b/w Geographic

and line
Magnetic
.

South Pole
•
Magnetic
.

•
South Pole
Geographic .

line
Magnetic
.

Geographic done
.
 8 pole -90
B%pB→
. #

BriqµBv
ggs
-

•
A

(8--0) (8--90) qpie Srequator

GBH
•
B
.

-0
Equator → Pole .

BHI
B→•Ñ BI BI
-

so
91
Angle b/w
Angle of Inclination
/ Angle of dip :

A.
B→e Surface of
the earth .
 > B→
By

,
sins =

cos 8--1
> Bi

B÷µ
.
tans =

.
B. =

jÉB2 '
 Real and
→
Relationship b/w Apparent 8 .

rotated by
* when
magnetic needle is *
Magnetic needle is
meridian O' from the
magnetic
'

placed in
•

magnetic ,

Meridian Now it will show

it shows the
re¥ .

01¥ -

Sr apparentagfdipja
in which
plane
:
magnetic needle
Pslying
Bit
.

Magnetic - !pgÑ%
Meridian
tanSa=.B¥
'
' '

.
.

.
.

" '

'

CBHI ,
,

tansr Bi
=÷y
-

=Bv_
"

"
"

← Bie µ,
BH.co SO

__t%÷
+ ansa
BH '
By , BH BH:-O
,

v
V v v

BiBv, Bv
, Bv , By .

>
(Bilsame .
tansatt
.

(BH) 'd .

Sat
 Instruments
Magnetic
←
deflector .#
magnetometer
Tangent Galvanometer
Deflect ,
O
'
.

Oscillation step -11

:O
Deflect
Magnetometer
.

Step-11 Oscillate -
sum -
TO > step -
•

either be
In all these cases ,
the
magnet will
deflected ,
or it will oscillate with time period ,
-1
.
.
→ Oscillation
of in B→e×t
a
Magnet
:

Magnet →
Length ②
-

\
[
nert
→
:@
-

Bext
/
Moment
of
d
,⑨
'

⑤ Magnetic Moment

→ You have deflected the

magnet by a small
angle 0 .

I. ✗ = -1=1713 Sino .
.

② small
✓ Sinon 0
M¥-
✗ =

.
O

=
W? O
↳ w
-1¥
 WSHM
=)
2¥ 21TJ¥☐
1-stem = =

:( Tangent daws
Deflection of a
Magnet
BE or

> Bnet

Bnet '

÷:-. →
Bit
.

BH
÷
tano
B÷µ
=

BE =
tano BH .
.
 (OM )
→ Oscillation
Magnetometer
Bz
Applied B'
on 00M
① ④
↳cat" "
docatn.is
I '
-12=211%-3 ,

the B- Pn which
T,
-_2ÑJÉB simply changed
inside the 0M will
magnet
,
the
oscillate .

132=13

y?°M
.

'
Iii :

Applicants i
!
Ignore :(BH)
' .

- ! n
,

What ios relationship short

Magnet 131=213 ① → ②
b/w T, and -12 ? B-
-12=52-1, 2

52T
→ Oscillation
Magnetometer (OM )

Location same
Application-111 of 0M :

magnet
.

the
changing
docatn
-

!←
OM OM

Iii Iii
i. Ii : i

T, =

[÷☐
21T ④ ④ -12--211-5%7
=-3
Deflection Magnetometer :

[
BH

1=0.9-7
"

blwwnichflntroducing
angletheneedeq
an B- ext

.gg#BnetM- -ETmYsNtano=B,z?-.
Bn
deflector

TANI
l¥A I
. tano
.BH=¥g 21ps .

I'm Emi
TBH
.

( Biaxial) ( Bequitorial)
.

→ I-OT-qe.sn
External
magnet .F•s
→
Tangent Galvanometer :

TBH .

"

Fi
-

needle i
Steph Magnetic :

:
i. .
.

'
B-external introduce ⑤produced circular
Steph :
by a

current
carrying 100ps
.

FB?" -

-7-20
0*1-2 Bcw

N÷; tano
__Y÷ .

N -

loops
BH tano
N÷f
.

= .
 '
'

É='2BiiÑi tano
.

in
.

]
-

it shows the

)
'
I' current '

If
i
-
-

deflectnofo
-

flows through
this
galvanometer
.

Reduction
factor
of a
tangent Galvanometer .
 Magnetic Materials :

ftp.T-uagnetic
type
Non
Magnetic
-

,
materials
Materials -

Ñeit → (Magnetic Moment induce

Magnetism
:
:

B-éxt In the material .

He "

> B-ext
(MM
)duetoB→ext
Bind
.

← →
Diamagnetic .

I
Biinduced → Find →
Paramagnetic .

He
→ Bind →
Ferromagnetic
CMM) due to Bernd
.
.

.
 -5
Intensity of magnetisatngtt Magnetic Intensity ,

I E
(MM permit volume) CMM permit volume)
B→e×t .

Bind

Magnetic Susceptibity Hm
-4¥
=
,
.

Large Bind
L

Bind ;B→ext
Ferro -
mum

same direct -

Para ,
Ferro Bind ;B→ext- Smile B%nd
Tppndirnec.tn -

CDPAJ . Para , Dia .

Up < Uo
tlagneticpermeabitymn
Diamagnetic#uUF
>> Uo

Ferromagnetic Up > Uo
.

f
it
slightly repels
Paramagnetic
t
I
the
magnetic field strongly
lines
prtscigntiy attract attract
the
magnetic
.

the

→
field line
magnetic field
line

☐I
→ .

→
→

☐ → →
→_
→ →
less than I →
⑨ more than 'd
⑨ Muchmore
thank
 Magnetic flux
f
A→
'

B?ñ ←%
"
.

B→
.

; :-) >
0=00
A→
A- A

t
.

10,3 = (B) (A) (cos 1803

I
= -
BA '
QB =
(B) (A) Cos 0°
= -113A

Influx will
always be -0
'

Outflux will always

be -10 '

* $ Body =
E
surface
=
011-102-1013
 10,3=0 % ¥ >

BTonstantcfrn-O.at
-

% % > 5't
④B)net Outflux Olinga
: Doutt .

E E E't .

B)net Influx
:

① Olinft Oloutt
 '
B-ionstant

[
° °

* •
° •

•
,
•
°
,
g
,

€:
R

B) curved
surface
:

(Influx)plane = (Outflux) curved .

← s
+ BIT 122 .

B. IT 122
.
-
 How can 01☐ be changed ?
BT
I
change in
Area that the
changing the NFL are
cutting .

I Orientiatn
of the Body Change
: .

0 Oo !
t t :
'
B-
'

B)man, 0/13--0 .
 Consequences of changing the 0lb -

d¥÷ =
-
EM Find

linked to coil EMF Bindweed

whenever ☐
a
changes ,

In the coil to resist this change

in
magnetic flux .

É%d
moved towards .

☒→⇐¥É ④B) coil T

'
B-induced :-. I
µ
-

Opposite B%nd
•

: .

{
EM Find .
← Induced
 Fond .
i
Away -

-←
Is N # &④→_→ B)coil to
-: ⑤" d-
☒
I { den : law .

Bind in the same

←
Indu ← director as Ñext .

Etlfindu .

Iind
TIP
.

:@ ← ( 01 B) coil T
I

←
⑤ I. ④ ⇐ ←→ then 'z Law .

I - -
Bind
-

I B→T ✓ Band will be opposite

Iind .

I coH-# .
to Ñext .
 @
EMFind
d¥I)_ B) as
=
-
=

41-2 -12T
types
.

=
.
☐

t-mr-t.is =

d0;¥ 81-+2

= POV

[EMFind = C- low ].

Area Coma
→
:

type @oil ) ↳ Bt = 61-2+4

(EMF)t s
daff ( Rt)
A.
-

= 6 ✗ 72 V
.

EM Find =
-7211
 B→ 6T
type
: .

21-3 -14T
Acoil
.

(61-2+4)
(EM%nd)t=2s
6
ddAz
-
= B. =

§ f- 2s -

6×28
[24+4]
.

6
BAD
B→=2T
type day c.not provided .

Rcoil 4th

dR-dtt-CEMFpndatt.IS
?
↳ dtdtg B-
EE chaEnRule_ 12=41-2

t.dk?ddA----dd&-
A → R →

d¥ ✗ 4m

?¥
.
" "

=d¥}# dady day

✗ 211-12 .

ÉMÉ
'
= B.
d÷ .

B. 21T¥
dtddy
=

lls

=
B. 21T (4) Cst) (2) 121T) (4) (8) .
Similar type 13=1-1
:

(EM F) End Ct=2s)

R= Gt

(211-12) dR_
d¥f
B
Find B.
ddttg
.
=
-

EM = =

. dt .

dd¥=dd¥- drat
21TR.drdty.RS
✗
.

R2s= 612J
<

(1) ( 21T) (F) (6) ]

Self Inductance .

I
B coil A coil
>
se1ff
: .

Uo.I_ ✗ 11-122

212
-12

⑨self
UoIR_
SI unit :

:
Weber

Henry
.

. A=I
Aj .

ÉB
self) , ☐
uo.LT?f
Coefficient of self Inductance
due to a circular I carrying
coil .
 Mutual Inductance .

It
→
=
Bi -
Ai
→ Iz
11-122
LINA =%y¥-
.

✗
I

1. ka
llo.lt?-
-_

' [ Éseifjzi . -
B2 A2.
.

' '

[email protected]
- -
-

2
2r
.

=Ug÷×lTr2 k2=Uo1T÷
To → A2 .

{¥ Mutual inductance
.gg#ugy--I0etficientiof-
.
 EM Find =
- d ☐

It .

doyy.to#--d(k.I
__d¥÷
-
EM Find =

-
EMF

=D ( M -4
)
.

at
dt
-
EM
1.
Find? d¥ -

EMFind-M.dd.IT .
Diff -1=21-2
.

Resistance coil =/ Or
g
.

✓Ifnduced
€2m
Induced
?↳ .

⑨ self =
B. A

[email protected]
=

"

f- Is
{
.

-
EM Find = 2%11-121-3
{ f- Is

EM Find 4401T
'
-
 Combination of Inductors ( without coupling ) .

Series Par@
4 L2 d¥ Fromm-4
I-↳omm¥
.

→
→omm→mmm-
d÷
%t dd÷
.

[email protected]÷=dd¥_+dd¥-
. .

's

Reff .d÷y
4.
%÷ -1-(-4%7) -÷÷=t÷)Y÷
= -

dett-
÷=¥+§
Coupling
imani
mum

two
.

t
By Bringing
self flux of one cop ,
'

foypi.in# coils very close to

linked with the self flux each other .

]
-

other coil
of
.

When the distance b/w

two coils is 9 ,
the
coupling
b/w two coils decreases .

4=411 .
Mmax
~
=
# =
tux ④

§
4th 9h .

-
mom -

Mmmmm -
-

¥
-
mom -

All =
2 Hi
↳ 917 .

coeffient of coupling ,

k=¥ma×=j?= .
 n

& Moon 4--2511 .

⑦
-
-

10h

-
Mom -
12--911 .

%
Mmax Coefficient of coupling .

coupling £
=E .

④ =M_ 67%

=¥q Mmax .

= 1511 -
=PO_
15

= 0.67 -
 inductors In
'

Effect of coupling b/w two series .

* Li ↳ .

-
Mmm - Mmm -
No
coupling
Rs =L , + 12

4 12 .

*
Maximum coupling
oxymoron-90mm
.

SIPRI Bipnduced
.

due
hs =
4+12 +2M to both will be
in the same
director .

i
*
mommy Maximum
→
coupling -

-Moo←i not
supporting .

↳ = 4 -112 -2M .
 n

Notional EMF :( Translational)

Vhigher ④ B→
.

llv→xB→j
.

a • → .

-
,
,
.

→ v
EMF = G) (B) Cleft)
length ,
L
¥
✓
• Mower smallest
length
✓ Bvb
b/w two ends
conductor
of the

(G(v)C!
.

Dv =

(v1 B)
Bvlsino

Rigd Cobtwvand BY .

↳ point in the directs of T"

↳ Curlin B-
' '

↳ Thumb Potential
:
Higher ,
 n

)
( v1 BY
④ B→
EMF =
(v) ( B) (Ietf)

G) (B) (2 Rj
thigh
%_¥•• How

212 -
-

deff .

'
9J ④ B→ ¢-1157
deff = 0

EM Find =
@
I
 n

Notional EMF ( Rational .

④ B→
.

(B) ( doe) (v1

-

dv =

'

fr w.x.dk
.

w
B.
-
.
.
.
=

i.
J1ÑdÉ°A .
A KA .

i. ?_?
fv=fBw÷
.

N=0

=B;÷
 '

Ac
Generator DC Motor .

I f
Coil connected
Rotate b/w two

Battery
.

to
Mechanical E Magnet E
Electric µ

( wi"beP'••d%
I

DOIB ca
I
①

engin ,
two
magnet
torque
I

> Fond .
.

Electric E
.

j d

[email protected]
'
Electric
field produced due to Otis .

§E?dl
d%¥ EMF induced
- =
= .

3-
More
of it fnEM⑨
It
Kal 8AM
- -
Energy stored in an Inductor

E=¥.t
 current 1 Basics )
Alternating t
current that periodically changes Entire chapter
it's director
of NI n
I

\, t.EE
:
I
;
>
>t
.

I-II
Alternating
current
curren
? ↳nusoidally
Alternating
varying
with variable
of constant AC
magnitude
.

magnitude
.

.
 I =
Io Sin Wt

Value
Average → * charge

1
time interval .

① Iar ( t=o

=
to

t=%q÷→!÷÷÷É÷÷÷
910 → %)
?

¥-01
② Iav (t -
-
% → t -
-
T
) ③ Iav (t=o → 1- =-D

:÷
=

=
 "
"a

as 4s
>
0s

- " ax . .
. .

A.
fav) B. (Iav) full cycle
:

first half cycle .

1- (2) (4) =9fuUcy¥=0A-

a-
= 0A .

= 2A
 9-
1- Io
- - .

:¥÷t
FDA =/y.dk
,

=/ Iosinwt .
dt .

t
- - - - - - .

-
I,

Iofsinwt dt .

= .

180

2_÷
.

Area Katara
of
:
one
f- Coswt
TEW
.
=

.
o

) C- Cos07]
Io_w (
= C- Cos 180 -

2¥
=
 Variable DC
Alternating current
.

NI NI

|E:M→+ ¥12 °T
it

( 2101W
ftav) Iabnay.ey.ie
"%÷
=

half cycle

2101W
=a÷
-

IT
/W Fav) fuel
cycle ÷
:

4¥
=
: OA
Heat ← RMS Value
*
sinusoidally varying AI .

I
Root Mean Square Current .

① gTm9Éf④
will be known

{ it as RMS

of
value
AC .
{ it

Resistance , R Resistance , R

t t
Heat Produce : Hi Heat Produce : Hi

Irms
I÷
=
 Accircutts :

in Accircuits
I. Phasor
diagrams .

E- Iosinwt .

µ
(Potential Bleaching Ibyo)
v=VoSPnlwt
-10¥
→
( potentiation the circuit
Isin phase
do Iltse ) -

with the
current

Jv
I -
Iosinwt .

V=VoSFnwt .

Potential diff is

lagging behind

the-byaphasev-vosfnlwt.co
I -
-
Iosinwt .

difference ofo
)
.
 B%%s\
I. Resistor (AC) II. Inductor ( Ac)
k
R
¥8s;,wy .

mom -

1-
"%\
^ v= vosinwt .

-0-1 .

I __
Iosinwt .

→ Vision with I.
phase ✓= Vosionlwt -190)
Nis
leading the Iby 90
'

II
capacitor (AC) .

it
1-
-
]
I -_
Iosinwt .

✓= Vosincwt -90 ) .

Nfs behind the

→
lagging I

by 90 '
 Phasor
Diagram
.

I. Resistor (AC) II. Inductor ( AC)

> →
✓ avg 90
-

>
I I

11=1 Capacitor (AC) .

£90 '
%

✓ V.
 sinusoidal Diagram
I. Resistor (AC) II. Inductor ( Ac)
I

tq
~
at .

> t
-

'

act -0 1 1 '
'
I
µ
it
"

hurst .
.

i
I

:
'

i
l

!
'
I
'
'

'
> ti

II capacitor (AC) .

£ I
1 I
1

Ji 1 I

t .

✓ '

fi if
1
,

> +
Y ①
.

'

: : : : !
 Equations
I. Resistor (AC) II. Inductor ( AC)

110=20 I Iosinlwt)
Iosinlwt)
-

I
-

-_

Resistance V=voSPn( wt -190 )

v-vosfnlwtfms-lrms.RO ↳ =
↳ Iri
e-
Inductive
Reactance .

independent of the terms -_ lrms .

:&
connected Alternating source .

I capacitor (AC)
Depend
-

on the
I -
-
Iosinlwt) connected AC source .

v=voSPn( wt -90 )

lo :& capacitive
f-
↳ = .

Reatance .

Vrms -
-

lrms.it?II
 ypgy-lnductor.tn yg-apacitor.ci
⑨u ⑨u

Ri Xi ( tnductprc Reactance Rc xc (capacitive

Reactance )
✗[ = WL
Xc
#
=

=
211-0.1

✗ it

OH
kT⇐"n?!% ↳

>
Nails T
,

length I
×cT
=a¥c
CI
.

Emt ,
Alf
dt
v1
 Basics and Phasor Diagram .

Il IR Circuit I RC Circuit
-

R
UL
?_mnv
R
mm ppc
-72
-

from 1-
-

_→⑦¥¥
1-
→I

→
¥
7412=1%22

µ-9%
' .

VR
> →>

Évrc=FÉ
± I
,

I = I
,
Sin wt
"
V =
Vo Sinlwt -10 )
=

I =
Iosinwt
tano
¥2 vosionlwt -0)
=

v= .

tano
ftp.icoso-v?-.CosO--VR/VlR
=
 Rnet in
Impedance : an
-
Ac circuit .

Il IR Circuit I RC circuit -

tano
¥
=

|^
2112=1%22 .

Cos
RR
0 =

212C .

> I
a

tano
¥
=

Ftz
>
Zrc =
.

Xc
↳ SO
RI
=

,,
Rr Taken in the director of Vr

✗ L
Taken in the director of vi.
Taken in the directs Vc
Xc of .
 Equations

RC.ctrcutt ano-YY%21R-J-x-22.co
,

Il IR Circuit I

RR
so =

212C .

> I
a

tano
¥
=

Zrc=JÉ2
>
\, .

Xc
↳ SO
RIN
=

Vo = Io .
Zip V0 =
Io .
2.
pic

Vrms Irms Vrms = lrms Zrc

Zep
.
.
= .
 Basics and Phasor Diagram

VI tlcrcircutt ( series ) : 4-"caller Five} -_

ahh
R L

mm

→r
-

>
JVL
mm

>
114
>
-

✓ -3m
take
a

←⑦
I Inductive LCR

✓
V1 > Vc .

ANL No

ANL
i
>
Fun capacitive
Vc >
LCR
V1
}
-

,
,

A.
Basic
Diagram VR

✓
No

Vc UL
-

v
,cr=ÉR2
v
 Different Cases In LCR Circuit .

VI tlcrcircutt ( series ) :

VL-VCIVKR-j-r-v.ve} am

an capacitive LCR

¥3m
vc > vi.
.
>
3m

✓
Inductive LCR

µ,
V1 > Vc ,
Vc UL
-
v
v v
,cr=fÉR2
,

ANL

Her = PAR .

-→ >
Fur
VL=Vc
"
No lcrcprcuft.in Resonance .
 Different Cases In LCR Circuit -

( Impotence)

Xc > ✗L
n×L- Xc
✗ in
'
ZICR -Y¥×,.×Jz^✗L capacitive ICR .

€-2
r
z }
R

XL > Xc
-11241%-412
v
✗c ~ ZICR
lInductive LCR)
.

✗ c- XL

a
XL

R→ZlCR .

-→ , }
At Resonance,⇐
✗ c=XL
@ )mQn
KR

vxc LCR circulation

⇐ CR)ma× .

Resonance .
 Equations .

Vo = to . Zur É Iotrtxxcj 2 .

✗L
I
>
Resonance

Io -
R . IoJ¥É2 -

Vrms = lrms ZKR .

.

×ÉIrmsJ¥×cJ2 .

✗L
I
>
Resonance

R
Terms )R¥-✗j2 .

Irons
-
.

.
LCR Circuit in Resonance .

He = Vc

✗[ =
Xc

=÷c
• t

resonant
angular frequency .

w=& ¥ .

211-00
¥
=

Resonant
frequency
21T¥ .
Impedance Triangle :

nxl Xc
-

Vi
ZUR
.

>

r R
> → >
>R
.

ZLCR -_ R .

✓
✗ c- XL
ZLCR .

KCRFN Resonance
Inductive LCR capacitive ICR
.
.

N I
Jo .

xrxc .

10,2 > I ✗ e- Xc

ZLCR
 Power

lrms.cat#lrms
1 ? 2 .

Vrms .

Power
factor.

y tri
VCR vrm÷ .

-
y
*
V12 Cos 0

Ruler
VR_
=
=

ZICR .

;÷m ÷
=

, .
Transformers :

?!
g § ÷=Np.
Ip
q
up Vs

↳ LI
•
Is

I!
1° coil 2° coil
-↳ ,
,

Ac Variable current in 1° coil

'
B- due to 10 coil → will be variate .

1-
④mutual)2o•i , -

Change .

↳ CEM F) prnd : 2° coil .

 → Ideal Transformer
100%Efficient.-
.

Pin =P
put output
.

Vp Ip .
=
Vs. Is

The
transformer is 60%
efficient
.

e.
g.

Po = 0.6 . Pi

Vs. Is Up Ip 0.6
=
. .
.
 P Ps
Ideal transformer ( 100%1
=

11¥ =Np_
•

Ns

•
Vp Ip =
Vs Is .

¥ ¥y %÷ > Ms >
Np
f) Ip
, ,

> Is

vs >
Vp i Vo > Vi ( Step up transformer
-

Vp > vs :
Vi > Uo (step-down transformer) .

↳ Ns < Np
↳ Ip < Is ,
 Current asso stated with Dole
Displacement current -

Id
0¥
•

Icp / t
=

[I #← It
Ic
01=21-2 -14T
I
.

Id (1--25) 41-+4
It -2s
=
- .

Id
¥1 Id 12A
• -_ -
-

Id
okay DOEL
C-
Id
=

.
. =
Eo .

dt -

V = 41-2 ;
c=2F
:
Eo .
E. DA
Id Ct -4s) : Cbt) : dt .

Ole = 21-2+3 t .

218T) : 1Gt É 16 v.
1 Id lls)

Id = Eo (41--13)
 E--121-+41-2 Id ? Eo
d0¥=
•
= -

A 4hr2 (1--15)
plate :

Eo.A-ddtI.de?--=dA-xdRdRdt
=

.
=
Eo .A( 12+81-7

E=3V/m Id Eo
d§y÷
• -
-

12=(21-+1)
=
Eo E. DA
Idlt=2s) ?
-

It

A--11-122 Id : Eo E. (211-12)
dg,R=
.
.

:
Eo.EC?lTfEIif2)t-=g
↳ Rlt -2s
) -
 *&
Id=6A
•

:* :p
'

f-
g-!
. - - -
- - .

•÷ ; 2m

BJ ? 6A → 11-1212
JOB .dd=Uo - Ien -

i-Ieniii-ITC.DZ '

"

↳
- "

&=1m) Bp (211-12) =Uo Ien 1.5A

g-
'
.
-

Bp (217×1)
. =Uo -

(f) .
 Electromagnetic wave
•

Energy moving from one

point to another in the form of
perpendicular É and B→ .

Static E-
charge
.
:

É B→
Moving charge
:
• ,

Accelerating charge :(
•
E' 1- BT ) : EMW

Ély)
B→ (2)

✓µÑ✓ > wave

ltse)
.

'
' '
E- 1- B- 1- director of propogatn
( É xB^ = Jwa )
ve .
 É ( + y) BY C- 2) ☐ f- set
( ÉxB^=9ware)
.

v→ ¢-2)
.

E→ ( tie B→ C- y )
.

Speed of an EMW : e =
EI Cin the vaccum)

Bo

✓ vm=E_m ( Medium ; Um ; Em )

Bm

Vm=Eo__
18 Bo .
.
Ur

Um =
C-
K . Ur
•

Energy Density of an EMW :

B→ 12B¥
"

É EZ
1- Eo
⇐
= +
, .

2
BJ
=

Ig Eo Eo
=L BIG
E ( + 2)

f
EMW
Eguath of an
•
:

→ wave ( + e) .

⇐ Eosin ( Rse -

wt
-42,1¥
I →

YTL
directs c- y )
→
pg
equator for
.

write the

B.
y :&
=
nurse wt-
.

↳ Eye
 *
E=6Cos(Iy -13T
] T

3=211--0
•

frequency of oscillator ? w=

D= 3- Hz .

21T

2
Propogatn constant ?
•

' toe]
E
•
Director
T
↳ B→ (1-2) .

↳ Wave .
1- y )

•
B→= B. Cos 12g -13T] Bo =

EI
=

3£
,,
g
 d
•

Intensity of an EMW : E-
A ✗ It
.

.
d

ED . C

I =

1- E. ETC
=

12 B¥- → in the terms of Eo , Bo

Eo

Bo
=

=
Erms -52

Brms 53
>
.

.
{ Erms
,
Brms -

I =
Eo Erm? .
C

BrmI÷
=
 -

=÷t=PIw÷a
-
-

,
* , .
Ip
P
.
,

'
•
→ so
,

'
(source)
! Ip=P_
" "
' '
441172
tower :P,

* Momentum :
E
E

d E ED
* Radiation Pressure F- :
:
: .

I 11
A- .

1- GET -2B£ ,
:
E-
 :¥= E t
Reflecting Absorbing
surface .

surface .

Energy imparted to the wall Energy imparted to the wall

=2I =§ .

c.
 Difficult category -
Question .

Eo ?
PBUIB : 200W

Bo ? 7=54 .

x=2m from step-1-peff-5.at 200W

the source =
10W

I=YEo .to?c step I tower

•
=

Area

Bo=tI 5-
d0_
•

C
411-1212
411-1.42 .

Step
÷=g- E. EÉo÷:(3×1081
.

Steps Bo=E_o He
C-
to
Difficult category -
Question .

100W Bulb (M% efficient .

Erms
Watt
step-1-peff.li
.

Brms
I =Power_ #
step
=

a- 3m 411-13 ) "
Area .

I = Eo Erm} C.
Step
.
.

step-lv-Brms-trg.rs
 Electromagnetic Spectrum
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