School Tanauan City Integrated High School Grade Level 10

Teacher Joeric C. Carinan Learning Area Science

DAILY LESSON Teaching Dates March, 2023 ( 10- Pascal and 10- Quarter THIRD
and Time Descartes)
LOG

I.OBJECTIVES At the end of the topic, students are expected to:

1. Describe the structure of RNA molecules.
2. Differentiate the structure and components of RNA and DNA.
3. Explain and describe the process of transcription and translation.

A. Content Standard The learners demonstrate an understanding of:

1. the information stored in DNA as being used to make proteins
2. how changes in a DNA molecule may cause changes in its product
3. mutations that occur in sex cells as being heritable
B. Performance None
Standard
C. Learning Explain how protein is made using information from DNA.
Competency/Objec S10LT0-IIId-37 /MELC 15
tives
Write the LC code
for each.
RNA and Protein Synthesis
II. CONTENT
III. LEARNING
RESOURCES
A. References
1. Teacher’s No TG
Guide
pages
2. Learner’s Page 272 -281 (science 10 Learner`s Material); Page 6-13 (Science-Grade 10, Quarter 3 Module 4:
Materials Protein synthesis and mutations)
pages
3. Textbook Page 192 - 202 (Discover Science 10)
pages
4. Additional None
Materials
from
Learning
Resource
(LR)portal
B. Other Learning Powerpoint presentation, visual aids, laptop, TV,
Resource
Teacher`s Activity Students` Response
A. ELICIT 1. Prayer
Reviewing 2. Greetings
previous lesson or
presenting the new 3. Classroom management
lesson 4. Checking of Attendance
5. Review
“Before we proceed to our next topic, let us have
a review first.”
“Do you still remember our previous lessons?” “Yes, Sir”
“Very good!”
“I prepared here an activity that will test your
remembering skill, this activity is entitled as
“LABEL UP!”

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“Label the parts of the DNA structure correctly.”

Ioooooooooooooi9

“Deoxyribonucleic acid”

“What does DNA stands for?”

“Correct! Very good!” “A molecule that stores genetic information of an
organism.”
“What is DNA?”
“Very good!” “Adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine”

“What are the four nitrogenous bases?”

“Correct! Very good!”
“Thymine, Cytosine”
Where does adenine must paired with? As
well as guanine?”
“Thank you! Very good! “Complementary base pairing”

“What do we call to this kind of pairing?”

“Correct, Very good!” “It looks like a spiral ladder.”

“What can you say about the structure of

DNA?”
“Very good!”
“DNA replication”
‘What do you called to the process of making
copies of DNA?”
“Correct, Very good!” “Separation” (Student 1)
“Binding” (Student 2)
“Enumerate the 4 major steps in DNA “Elongation” (Student 3)
replication” “Proofreading” (Student 4)

“Correct, Very good!” “Because the DNA molecule composed of old and
new strand”
“Why DNA is semi-conservative?”
“Thank you! Very good!”

“I can really tell that everyone still remember

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 the lesson we discussed last meeting, and for
that everyone deserve a good job clap.” “No, Sir”
(Students will do the good job clap)
“Are you familiar with the good job clap?”
(The teacher will demonstrate the good job
“None. Sir”
clap)
“Do you have any questions, clarifications or
violent reactions regarding the previous
lesson?”
B. ENGAGE “I prepared here an activity which is entitled as
Establishing a “Analy-PICS”
purpose for the
lesson, Presenting “You`re just going to analyze, observe and cite the
examples/Instance similarities and differences of the picture
s of the new lesson presented on screen.”
“And afterwards, I will ask you some questions
based on the picture presented.”
“Are you ready?” “Yes, Sir”

ACTIVITY: Analy-PICS (Picture Analysis)

Guide questions:
1. What can you say about the picture?
2. Can you describe the structure of both DNA and
RNA.
3. Can you cite the differences of RNA and DNA?
4. How about the similarities of DNA and RNA?
C. EXPLORE “Today we will going to tackle about RNA and
Discussing new protein synthesis”
concepts and
practicing new “But before that, let us first know the objectives
skills that everyone must attain at the end of the lesson.
Everyone, kindly read.” At the end of the topic, students are expected to:
1. Describe the structure of RNA molecules.
2. Differentiate the structure and components of
RNA and DNA.
3. Explain and describe the process of
(Discussion proper) transcription and translation.
“Our own genomes carry the story of evolution,
written in DNA, the language
of molecular genetics, and the narrative is
unmistakable.” -Kenneth R. Miller

“This quote above reflects the importance of

studying the DNA and genetics. In this lesson, you
are going to learn about protein synthesis. But
before discussing protein synthesis, we must first
discuss the RNA.”

“I know everyone has an idea about RNA based

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on the activity that we did a while ago.”

“RNA or Ribonucleic acid, it is a complex molecule

that consists of nucleotides.”

“Again, what is nucleotides?” “Nucleotides is the sub-units of nucleic acid.

“Correct! Very good!”

“What does each nucleotides consists of?” “Nitrogenous base, sugar, and phosphate group”
“Very good!”

“RNA has the sugar ribose. Both DNA and RNA

contain the same base except for one. In RNA,
thymine is substituted by uracil (U). The RNA is
also single stranded, while the DNA is double-
stranded.”
(The teacher will draw a table summarizing the
similarities and differences of DNA and RNA)

“If the sugar in RNA is ribose, what is the sugar in “Deoxyribose”

the DNA?”
“Correct! Very good!”

“What base is changed or substituted in RNA?” “In RNA, thymine is substituted by Uracil.”
“Correct, Very good!”

“What is the difference of DNA and RNA when it “DNA is double-stranded while RNA is single
comes to structure?” stranded.”
“Correct! Very good!”

“The role of RNA is to transfer the coded genes (in

the DNA) from the nucleus to the ribosomes in
order to create the needed proteins.”
(Teacher will explain what is coded genes)

“What is ribosomes?” (students will answer)

“Thank you! Very good!”

“Ribosomes is a small, granular structures where

protein synthesis takes place.”
(The teacher will briefly explain protein synthesis)
“There are three kinds of RNA which play an
important role in the protein synthesis, the
messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA),
and ribosomal RNA (rRNA).”

“Again, What is the three types of RNA?” “messenger RNA” (Student 1)

“Correct, Very good!” “tranfer RNA” (Student 2)
“ribosomal RNA” (Student 3)

“The mRNA carries the information from the DNA

to the ribosomes.”

“Again, What is the role of mRNA?” “To carry the information from the DNA to the
“Very good!” ribosomes.”

“The tRNA translate the genetic message carried

by the mRNA through protein synthesis.”

“Again, What is the function of tRNA?” “To translate the genetic message carried by the

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“Correct! Very good!” mRNA through protein synthesis.”

“The rRNA is the structural component of

ribosomes. It directs the translation of mRNA into
proteins.”

“Again, What is the role of rRNA?” “To direct the translation of mRNA into proteins.”
“Correct! Very good!”

*Quick Recap
“What does RNA stands for?”
“What is the role of RNA?”
“What is the similarities and differences of RNA (Students will answer)
and DNA?”
“What is the 3 types of RNA?”
“What is the role of mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA?”

“Proteins are made up of organic compounds

called amino acids, and different proteins are
made by forming combinations from any of the 20
amino acids.”

“Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins,

and proteins are the building blocks of life.”

“What is amino acids?” (Students will answer)

“Thank you! Very good!”

“Amino acids are molecules used by all living

things to make proteins.”

“A chain of amino acids is linked together by

peptide bonds (chemical bonds formed between
two molecules) and is called a polypeptide. One or
more of these polypeptides make up a protein.”

“What do you called to the chain of amino acids “Polypeptide”

linked together by peptide bonds?”
“Correct, Very good!”

“What do you called to the bonds formed between “Peptide bonds”

two molecules?”

“We are done discussing the RNA and proteins,

now let`s move on to protein synthesis.”

“What is Protein synthesis?” (students will answer)

“Thank you! Very good!”

“Protein synthesis is the process in which cells

make proteins. It occurs in two stages:
transcription and translation.”

“What is the two stages in protein synthesis?” “Transcription and translation”

“Correct, Very good!”

“Transcription is the first step in protein synthesis.

It is a process in which information in DNA is
copied into RNA. It includes three steps: initiation,
elongation, and termination.”

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“Again, what is transcription?” “It is the first step in protein synthesis. It is also a
“Correct, Very good!” process in which information in DNA is copied into
RNA.”

“What is the three steps in transcription?” “Initiation, elongation, and termination”

“Correct, Very good!”

“Initiation is the beginning of transcription. It occurs

when the enzyme RNA polymerase binds to a
region of a gene called the promoter. This signals
the DNA to unwind so the enzyme can ‘‘read’’ the
bases in one of the DNA strands. The enzyme is
now ready to make a strand of mRNA with a
complementary sequence of bases.”
(Teacher will show a figure)
“What is the first step in transcription process?” “Initiation”
“Correct!” Very good!”

“What significant event happen during the initiation “RNA polymerase binds into the DNA strand.”
process?”
“Correct! Very good!”

“Elongation is the addition of nucleotides to the

mRNA strand. RNA polymerase reads the
unwound DNA strand and builds the mRNA
molecule, using complementary base pairs. During
this process, an adenine (A) in the DNA binds to
an uracil (U) in the RNA.”

“What do you called to the second step in “Elongation”

transcription process?”
“Correct! Very good!”

“What happens during the elongation process?” “RNA polymerase reads the unwound DNA strand
“Correct! Very good!” and builds the mRNA molecule,using
complementary base pairs.”

“During complementary base pairing, where does “Uracil”

adenine binds to?”
“Correct! Very good!”
(The teacher will give an example of base pairing
from DNA to RNA)

“Termination is the ending of transcription, and

occurs when RNA polymerase crosses a
termination sequence in the gene. The mRNA
strand is complete, and it detaches from DNA.”

“What do you called to the last step of transcription “Termination”

process?”
“Correct! Very good!”

“What happens during termination step?” “When RNA polymerase reached an area called
“Correct! Very good!” termination sequence, it releases the mRNA
strand and detaches from the DNA.”
(Teacher will show a picture of the transcription
process)

“Now, let`s move on to the next stage of the

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protein synthesis which is the translation process.”

“Translation is the process of converting the

information in messenger RNA (mRNA) into a
sequence of amino acids that make a protein. It
occurs in a ribosome in the cytoplasm.”

“What happens during the translation stage?” “Coverting the information in the mesenger RNA
“Correct! Very good!” into a sequence of amino acids that make a
protein.”
“For you to better understand how translation
process works, here are the steps involved:”

“Step 1: Messenger RNA (mRNA) binds to a

ribosome. Then, tRNA molecules, each carrying a
specific amino acid, approach the ribosome. The
tRNA anticodon pairs with the first mRNA (start)
codon adenine-uracil-guanine (AUG), to form the
initiation complex. The two molecules temporarily
join together.”
(The teacher will explain what codon means)

“Step 2: The first codon on mRNA signals the start

of protein synthesis. Then the ribosome slides
along the mRNA to the next codon.”
“Step 3: A new tRNA molecule carrying an amino
acid pairs with the second mRNA codon.”
“Step 4: When the first and second amino acids
are in place, an enzyme joins them by forming a
peptide between them.”
“Step 5: A chain of amino acid is formed until it
reaches a stop codon. The polypeptide is
releases. Protein synthesis is complete.”

“Each set of three nucleotides in the mRNA is

called as a codon. Each codon specifies a
particular amino acid. While, anticodon is the
complement of the mRNA. It is the triplet code in
the tRNA.”

“Again, what do you called to each set of three “Codon”

nucleotides in the mRNA?”
“Correct! Very good!”

“What do you called to the complement of the “Anticodon”

mRNA ?”
“Correct! Very good!”
(The teacher will give example of the Translation
process)

(The teacher will show the codon chart)

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 “What is a codon chart/table ?” (Students will answer)
“A codon chart is a chart of all the codons and the
amino acids they stand for.”

“That will be the end of our discussion regarding

RNA, and protein synthesis”
D. EXPLAIN “Have you learned a lot with the discussion?” “Yes, Sir”
Developing
mastery
(leads to Formative “What does RNA stands for?” “Ribonucleic acid”
Assessment ) “Correct! Very good!”

“What is the role of RNA?” “The role of RNA is to transfer the coded genes (in
“Correct! Very good!” the DNA) from the nucleus to the ribosomes in
order to create the needed proteins

“What is the similarities and differences of RNA “RNA has the sugar ribose. Both DNA and RNA
and DNA?” contain the same base except for one. In RNA,
“Correct! Very good!” thymine is substituted by uracil (U). The RNA is
also single stranded, while the DNA is double-
stranded.”

“What is the 3 types of RNA?” “mRNA, tRNA,rRNA”

“Correct! Very good!”

“What is the role of mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA?” “The role of mRNA is to carry the information from
“Correct! Very good!” the DNA to the ribosomes.” (Student 1)
“The role of tRNA is to translate the genetic
message carried by the mRNA through protein
synthesis.” (Student 2)
“The role of rRNA is to direct the translation of
mRNA into proteins.” (Student 3)

“What is amino acid?” “Amino acids are the building blocks of protein”
“Correct! Very good!”

“What is protein synthesis?” “Protein synthesis is the process in which cells

“Correct! Very good!” make proteins.”

“What is the two stages of protein synthesis?” “Transcription and translation”

“Correct! Very good!”

“What is transcription?” “It is the first step in protein synthesis. It is also a

“Correct! Very good!” process in which information in DNA is copied into
RNA.”

“What is the 3 steps in transcription?” “Initiation, elongation, termination”

“Correct! Very good!”

“What is translation?” “Translation is the process of converting the

“Correct! Very good!” information in messenger RNA (mRNA) into a
sequence of amino acids that make a protein.”

“You really had listened to our discussion. That

will be the end of our lesson with regards to RNA
and Protein synthesis”

“Do you have any questions, clarifications, “None, sir”

additions or violent reactions with regards to our
lesson for today?”

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E. ELABORATE “At this juncture, we will have an activity about the
Finding practical lesson that we discuss a while ago.”
application of
concepts and skills “The activity is entitled as Decode Me!”
in daily living, “In this activity,you will apply what you have
Making
generalizations
learned about DNA Replication, transcription, and
and abstractions translation with the use of the information in the
about the lesson Genetic Code Table (codon chart).”

ACTIVITY: Decode Me!

1. DNA coding CCC TCA ATC GAG AAA
strand: GGT

Replication:

mRNA -Codon
(Transcription):

Trna -
Anticodon

Amino acids
(Translation):

2. DNA coding ATG GCC TGG ACT TCA

strand: GGT

Replication:

mRNA -Codon
(Transcription):

Trna -
Anticodon

Amino acid
(Translation):

3. DNA coding GGG TGA GCT TTC CCG

strand: TTA

Replication:

mRNA -Codon
(Transcription):

Trna -
Anticodon

Amino acid
(Translation):

F. EVALUATE POST-TEST

Answer the following questions. Choose the letter of the correct answer and write your answer on 1/4
sheet of paper.

1. Which is not a stage in the process of transcription?

A. Initiation, when RNA polymerase binds into a DNA strand
B. Elongation, when a single strand of DNA has been copied and transcribed
C. Mutation, when a chromosome undergoes inversion
D. Termination, when an mRNA strand has been released and it detaches from the DNA
2. Which of the following is not directly needed in the process of translation?
A. DNA
B. mRNA
C. Ribosome

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D. RNA polymerase
3. Both DNA and RNA contain the same base except for one. In RNA, thymine is substituted by______.
A. Guanine
B. Uracil
C. Cytosine
D. Adenine
4. It is the building blocks of protein.
A. RNA
B. Carbohydrates
C. Amino acids
D. DNA
5. It is the process in which cells make proteins.
A. Protein synthesis
B. Transcription
C. Elongation
D. Replication
6. The role of this RNA is to carry the information from the DNA to the ribosomes.
A. mRNA
B. rRNA
C. tRNA
D. DNA
7. DNA has the sugar deoxyribose. RNA has the sugar ________.
A. Sucrose
B. Fructose
C. Lactose
D. Ribose
8. What are the two stages of protein synthesis?
A. Replication and transcription
B. Transcription and initiation
C. Transcription and translation
D. Translation and termination
9. What is the end result of protein synthesis?
A. Carbohydrates
B. Proteins
C. DNA
D. Nucleotides
10. _________ is the process of converting the information in messenger RNA (mRNA) into a sequence
of amino acids that make a protein.
A. Initiation
B. Transcription
C. Replication
D. Translation
11. It is the first step in protein synthesis. It is also a process in which information in DNA is copied into
RNA.
A. Initiation
B. Separation
C. Transcription
D. Translation
12. Each set of three nucleotides in the mRNA is called as a ________.
A. Anticodon
B. Codon
C. Protein
D. RNA polymerase
13. What is the complementary RNA base pairing in the given sequence: ATG TAC GCC TAA TGA CAT
A. UAC ATG CGG AUU ACU GUA
B. TAC ATG CGG ATT ACT GTA
C. UAC AUG CGG AUU ACU GUA
D. AUG UAC GCC UAA UGA CAU
14. During the first step of translation process, messenger RNA (mRNA) binds to a ________.
A. Cytoplasm

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 B. Nucleus
C. Ribosome
D. Amino acids
15. What happens during the elongation process during transcription?
A. Enzyme RNA polymerase binds to a region called the promoter.
B. RNA polymerase reads the unwound DNA strand and builds the mRNA molecule,using
complementary base pairs.
C. When RNA polymerase reached an area called termination sequence, it releases the mRNA strand
and detaches from the DNA.
D. Coverting the information in the mesenger RNA into a sequence of amino acids that make a protein.
G. Additional Performance Task: Trace the Code
activities for
application or
remediation
(EXTEND)

IV. REMARKS
V. REFLECTION Reflect on your teaching and assess yourself as a teacher. Think about your students’ progress this
week. What works? What else needs to be done to help the students learn? Identify what help your
instructional supervisors can provide for you so when you meet them, you can ask them relevant
questions.
A. No. of learners
who earned 75%
in the evaluation
B. No. of learners
who require

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 additional
activities for
remediation who
scored below
75%
C. Did the remedial
lessons work?
No. of learners
who have caught
up with the
lesson
D. No. of learners
who continue to
require
remediation
E. Which of my
teaching
strategies
worked well?
Why did these
work?
F. What difficulties
did I encounter
which my
principal or
supervisor can
help me solve?
G. What innovation
or localized
materials did I
use/discover
which I wish to
share with other
teachers?

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