Experimental investigation on convective heat transfer and pressure drop of cone helically

coiled tube heat exchanger using carbon nanotubes/water nanofluids

K. Palanisamy et al. Investigated the pressure drop and heat transfer of helically cone coiled
tube heat exchanger using Multi walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) with water as a base fluid.
By using two step method with the addition of surfactant, they prepared MWCNT/Water
nanofluids at 0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5% particle of volume concentration. With the Dean range
number of 2200 < De < 4200, the test were conducted under the flow of turbulent flow and
nusselt number was 28%, 52%, and 68% which is higher than that of the volume concentration
i.e., 0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5% respectively. Authors found the results that the pressure drop of the
respected volume concentration 0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5% nanofluids are 16%, 30%, and 42%
respectively which is higher than the water. Also they studies that the prepared nanofluid
(MWCNT/Water) executed good stability even after the prepared nanofluid completes 45 days.
And the inner wall of the tube does not contain a sizable deposit of nanotubes.It has also been
determined that there is no immediate danger in handling MWCNT, and that there is no
considerable erosion of the coiled tube inner wall surface even after numerous test runs. As a
result, MWCNT/water nanofluids are used as an alternative to standard fluids in cone helically
coiled tube heat exchangers to improve heat transfer with a significant pressure drop.

Simulation of Shell and Helical Coil Heat Exchanger for Hot and Cold Fluid Flowing
Fe2O3 Nanofluid with Water as its base by using CFD.

Gyan Prakash et al. Analysed the simulation of shell and helical coil heat exchanger at
different boundary conditions for numerical simulations using CFD Analysis. They took Fe2O3
as a nanofluid and the results are compared with the base fluid i.e., Water according to the tubes
parameters for flow and heat transmission. Due to the fact that we occasionally use more power
while attempting to improve the heat transfer coefficient without fully understanding the
economy. They considered a 3D CAD model of the shell and helical coil heat exchanger with
suitable parameters as the inner diameter of the helical coil (di) is 12mm, outer diameter of the
helical coil (do) is 16mm, pitch coil diameter is 86mm, pitch is 26.3mm, length of the tube os
235mm, diameter of the shell is 110mm, length of the shell is 215mm are generated by using
ANSYS fluent.

Temperature Dependent Heat Transfer Performance of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube-

based Aqueous Nanofluids at Very Low Particle Loadings

Meher wan et al. experimentally analyzed the effective enhancement of thermal conductivity
for multi walled carbon nanotubes. They have conducted experiment for lower volumetric
concentrations of MWCNTs ranging from 0.01 %, 0.02%, and 0.05 % nanofluids prepared with
the help of ultrasonic iradiation using deionized water as a base fluid. The synthesis of
MWCNTs were done by using CVD with nickel A little amount of sodium dodecyl sulphate
(SDS) were used as a surfactant which is used to minimize the agglomeration of the MWCNTs.
At different temperatures they observed the effective enhancement of the thermal conductivity.
For all the prepared nanofluids, thermal conductivities measured at a temperature of range from
10 degrees to 80 degrees. The experimental results were obtained that for 0.01% volume
concentration of MWCNTs the thermal conductivity has no significant changes, while for 0.03%
vol. concentration of MWCNTs, there is anomalous increase in thermal conductivity. From this
they conclude that the chains formed by CNT has high thermal conductivity at lower
temperature. Finally, they concluded that as the temperature and volume concentration increases,
there is an increase in thermal conductivity.

Xie et al. Measured the thermal conductivity of MWCNTs suspended in water, ethylene glycol,
and decene with an average diameter of 15 nm and a length of 30 m. The surfactant-free
suspensions in water and ethylene glycol were coated with oxygen-containing functional groups.
Oleylamine was used as a surfactant in those suspended in decene. It was discovered that there
was more enhancement for the same volume fraction in fluids with lower thermal conductivity.
The maximum thermal conductivity enhancement was found in decene, which was 20% for 1%
volume of CNTs. It was also discovered to increase linearly with volume fraction.

Kumar et al. Proposed a model that accounts for thermal conductivity's dependency on particle
size, concentration, and temperature. There are two components to the suggested model. The
stationary particle model takes into consideration the geometrical impact of increasing surface
area per unit volume as particle size decreases. It assumes two parallel heat flow pathways in the
solution, one via the liquid particles and one through the nanoparticles. The direct relationship
of thermal conductivity enhancement on particle diameter and the inverse dependency of
thermal conductivity enhancement on particle volume fraction are proposed here. The effective
thermal conductivity of particles is described in the moving particle model by drawing a link to
the kinetic theory of gases. The combined model's predictions agree. At all concentrations, there
was also noticeable shear thinning. Carbon nanotubes considerably boosted the convective heat
transfer coefficient, and the rise was more noticeable at higher CNT concentrations. The
convective heat transfer coefficient was found to be somewhat greater at pH = 6 than at pH =
10.5. A maximum boost of 350% at Re = 800 for 0.5 wt.% CNTs clearly demonstrates that the
enhancement of the convective heat transfer coefficient was far more significant than the
enhancement of effective thermal conductivity. Particle rearrangement, shear-induced heat
conduction increase, a reduction in thermal boundary layer thickness owing to nanoparticle
presence, and the extremely high aspect ratio of CNTs are mentioned as plausible processes.

Intelligent optimization design of shell and helically coiled tube heatexchanger based on
genetic algorithm.

Cong Wang et al :provides a suggested design for a heat exchange with a shell and a helical
wound tube. The genetic algorithm incorporates the structural design, meshing, and numerical
computations to provide intelligent optimization in choosing the structural and thermodynamic
parameters. The heat exchanger with the optimal structure outperforms the experimental results
in terms of heat flux and heat transfer rate, increasing by 110% and101%, respectively. This is
demonstrated by the reduction in the average intersection angle between the velocity vector and
temperature gradient on both the shell side and tube side. When the total heat transfer rate is
maximized, the maximum heat flux increases by 12% in comparison to the value derived using
the optimization criterion, highlighting its potential.
 Thermo-physical properties and heat transfer characteristics of water/anti-freezing and
Al2O3/CuO based nanofluid as a coolant for car radiator

Alhassan Salami Tijani et al: aims to evaluate how well the heat transfer properties of a
water/antifreezing based nanofluid perform when used as a coolant for an automobile radiator.
A mixture of water and ethylene glycol with a concentration of 50% for each fluid was
employed as the basis fluid.Al2O3 and CuO nanoparticles with a 0.05% concentration ,After
evaluating the heat transfer properties of the nanofluid, 0.15% and 0.3% were added to the base
fluid.The flat tube nanofluid mass flow rate was maintained constant. ANSYS Fluent Solver is
used to simulate the heat transport models. Various criteria were used to assess how well the
heat transfer characteristics performed.

Experimental investigation on convective heat transfer and pressure drop of cone helically
coiled tube heat exchanger using carbon nanotubes/water nanofluids

K.Palanisamy et al :In this study, MWCNT/water nanofluids are used to examine the heat
transfer and pressure drop of a cone-shaped, coiled-tube heat exchanger. The trials findings
indicated that nanofluids with volume concentrations of 0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5%, respectively,
had Nusselt numbers that were 28%, 52%, and 68% greater than those of water.;s discovered
that the Nanofluids are shown to have pressure drops of 0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5% that are 16%,
30%, and 42% higher than water, respectively. At 0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5% MWCNT/water
nanofluid concentrations, respectively, it is discovered that the increased heat transfer
coefficient is 14%, 30%, and 41% more than that of water.

Heat transfer of nanofluids in a shell and tube heat exchanger

Farajollahi el al :an experimental study in which the heat transfer properties of Al2O3/water
and TiO2/water nanofluids were investigated in a shell and tube heat exchanger with turbulent
flow. Effects of suspended nanoparticle volume concentration, Peclet number, and Research
Investigated were the effects of particle type C371 on thermal properties. According to the
findings, adding nanoparticles to the base fluid significantly improves the properties of heat
transfer. There are two different optimal nanoparticle concentrations for the two nanofluids.
Two nanofluids; heat transfer behaviour were compared, and it was found that at a particular
Peclet number, the TiO2/water nanofluid heat transfer properties changed.

Heat transfer enhancement of Al2O3-EG nanofluid in a car radiator with wire coil inserts

k. Goudarzi et al: present an experimental investigation for the usage of wire coil inserts and
aluminium oxide (Al2O3) in ethylene glycol (EG) as a nanofluid to improve heat transmission
in a car radiator. Investigations were conducted using two wire coil inserts of various geometries
and nanofluids at volume concentrations of 0.08%, 0.5%, and 1%. According to the findings,
using coil inserts increased heat transmission rates by up to 9%. Additionally, using coil inserts
along with nanofluid at concentrations of 0.08%, 0.5%, and 1% resulted in a 5% increase in
thermal performance over using coil inserts alone .
Experimental study of mixed convection heat transfer in vertical helically coiled tube heat
exchangers

N.Ghorbani et.al. Experimentally conducted a study of thermal performance of shell and coil
heat exchanger in order to investigate the effect of tube diameter, coil pitch, shell side and tube
side mass flow rate on the modified efficacy and performance coefficient of a vertical helical
coiled tube heat exchanger. The experiment was conducted for steady state and for both laminar
and turbulent flow inside the coil. The readings has been noticed and calculated. It was
observed that the mass flow rate of the tube side when compare to the shell side ratio was effect
on the axial temperature profiles of the heat exchanger. Finally he concluded that as the ratio of
mass flow rate increases the logarithemic mean temperature difference was decreases and also
as the mass flow rate increases modified effective’s decreases.

Analysis and comparision of shell and helicla coil heat exchanger by using silica and
alumina.

Alok kumar et al: analytically investigated on the shell and helical coil heat exchanger to find
the distribution of temperature and pressure drop of Al2O3, SiO2 as a nanofluid and water as
base fluid ( for both hot and cold water) under the laminar flow of shell and helical coil heat
exchanger. Initally the 3D CAD model was designed and analysis is done in ANSYS fluent
18.2. applied the boundary conditions for the selected nanofluids. The analysis were completed
and the results was noticed for static pressure and total pressure of both hot and cold water with
Al2O3 as a nanofluid, static temperature and total temperature of hot and cold water with SiO2
as a nanofluid. According to the results of the CFD analysis, the pressure drop is greater in the
hot fluid of Al2O3 and SiO2 nanofluid with water as the base fluid in the shell and helical coil
heat exchanger.

Prediction of Heat Transfer Coefficients of Shell and Coiled Tube Heat

Exchangers Using Numerical Method and Experimental Validation.

B.V.S.S.S. Prasad, et al. - The heat transmission of shell and helically coiled tube
heat exchangers was examined in this paper. The influence of fluid's physical
characteristics, such as viscosity, thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, and
density, as well as operational parameters, such as fluid temperature and velocity, and
geometrical parameters, on the Nusselt numbers on both sides, was examined using
numerical and experimental methods. Using a computational technique and
experimental validation, the impact of operational and geometrical factors on the
Nusselt numbers on both sides of helically coiled tube heat exchangers was examined
in this work. Two correlations were proposed based on the findings for determining
the coil side and shell side Nusselt numbers over a wide range of Reynolds and
Prandtl values.
Heat Transfer Coefficients of Shell and Coiled Tube Heat Exchangers.

Salimpour et al. Shell-side and tube-side empirical correlations were put forth. A
reasonable agreement was found when the computed heat transfer coefficients for the
tube-side were compared to the correlations already in place for other boundary
conditions. The heat transfer coefficients of the shell and helically coiled tube heat
exchangers were investigated experimentally. The counter-flow layout of heat
exchangers with three different coil pitches was examined. It was discovered that the
empirical correlation for the border condition of constant temperature is highly
consistent with the current data in the low Dean number zone.