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Acknowledgement

The document discusses India's transportation systems. It begins by stating that transportation is fundamental to economic growth and connecting people. It then provides an overview of India's major transportation modes, including that India has the second largest road network and the fourth largest rail network in the world. It discusses that India's waterways network is the ninth largest but freight transport by water is highly underutilized. It concludes by stating that approximately 21% of households own two-wheelers and 4.7% own cars or vans.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
2K views10 pages

Acknowledgement

The document discusses India's transportation systems. It begins by stating that transportation is fundamental to economic growth and connecting people. It then provides an overview of India's major transportation modes, including that India has the second largest road network and the fourth largest rail network in the world. It discusses that India's waterways network is the ninth largest but freight transport by water is highly underutilized. It concludes by stating that approximately 21% of households own two-wheelers and 4.7% own cars or vans.

Uploaded by

Shama B
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Acknowledgement

I would want to convey my heartfelt gratitude to Mrs Shama , my mother, for her


invaluable advice and assistance in completing my project. She was there to assist
me every step of the way, and his motivation is what enabled me to accomplish
my task effectively. I would also like to thank all of the other supporting personnel
who assisted me by supplying the equipment that was essential and vital, without
which I would not have been able to perform efficiently on this project.

I would also want to thank the University of for accepting my project in my


desired field of expertise. I’d also like to thank my friends and parents for their
support and encouragement as I worked on this assignment
Introduction
Transport is fundamental to supporting economic growth, creating jobs
and connecting people to essential services such as healthcare or education.
Transport in India consists of transport by land, water and air. Road
transport is the primary mode of transport for most Indian citizens, and India's
road transport systems are among the most heavily used in the world.
India's road network is the second-largest, after the United States, and one of the
busiest in the world, transporting 8.225 billion passengers and over 980
million tonnes of cargo annually, as of 2015. India's rail network is the fourth
largest and second busiest in the world, transporting 8.09 billion passengers and
1.20 billion tonnes of freight annually, as of 2020. Aviation in India is broadly
divided into military and civil aviation which is the fastest-growing aviation
market in the world (IATA data). India's waterways network, in the form
of rivers, canals, backwaters and creeks, is the ninth largest waterway network
in the world. Freight transport by waterways is highly under utilised in India
with the total cargo moved (in tonne kilometres) by inland waterways being 0.1
percent of the total inland traffic in India. In total, about 21 percent of
households have two wheelers whereas 4.70 percent of households in India have
cars or vans as per the 2011 census of India. The automobile industry in India is
currently rapidly growing with an annual production of over 4.6 million
vehicles, with an annual growth rate of 10.5% and vehicle volume is expected
to rise greatly in the future.

Roadways
Intro
As per 2017 estimates, the total road length in India is 5,603,293 km
(3,481,725 mi); making the Indian road network the second largest road
network in the world after the United States. India has a network of National
Highways connecting all the major cities and state capitals, forming the
economic backbone of the country. India also has many bridges and flyovers in
major cities to reduce traffic congestion.

Importance
The importance of road transport is more in India. All villages of India cannot
be connected through transport because of large number of villages. Rail
transport is too expensive. So it can connect only important places. Road
transport helps to connect important railway stations, ports and other
commercial centers; it helps to transport goods and people at a cheaper rate.

Road transport enables the people reach their houses and enable the
commodities and goods to reach near the businessmen. Lastly road transport is
known as complementary to other form of transport and helps economic
development

Types
Road transport of India is divided into 5 types. These are,
(i) National Highways
(ii) Slate Highways
(iii) Major district roads
(iv) Other district roads and
(v) Village roads.

Advantages of Road Transportation


1. Less capital outlay
A relatively much lower capital Investment is required in road transport,
compared to other modes of transport such as railways and air transport which
are much costlier. The cost of construction, operation and maintenance of roads
is way cheaper than that of the railways or air transport maintenance of roads is
way cheaper than that of the railways or air transport
2. Door to Door Service
The greatest advantage of road transport, that makes it the core lifeline of the
transport industry, is its ability to provide door-to-door, from source to
destination, warehouse-towarehouse, doorstep services. This is something no
other mode of transport can provide. This naturally reduces cartage expense,
loading and unloading expenses, and other associated feeder transport costs.

Disadvantages of Road Transportation


1. Vulnerable to season and weather impacts
Road transport infrastructure and travel is vulnerable to weather changes and
seasons. For instance, during rains or floods, roads become unfit and unsafe for
use.
2. accidents and breakdowns
There is definitely a high risk of accidents and breakdowns in case of road
transport. This makes motor transport not a very predictable or safe option, as
compared to rail transport.

INDIAN RAILWAYS
Intro
Indian Railways (IR) is a statutory body under the ownership of the Ministry of
Railways, Government of India that operates India's national railway system. It
manages the fourth largest national railway system in the world by size, with a
total route length of 68,043 km (42,280 mi), running track length of 102,831 km
(63,896 mi) and track length of 128,305 km (79,725 mi) as of 31 March 2022.
50,394 km (31,313 mi) of all the gauge routes are electrified with 25 kV 50 Hz
AC electric traction as of 1 April 2022.
In 2020, Indian Railways carried 808.6 crore (8.086 billion) passengers and in
2022, Railways transported 1418.1 million tonnes of freight. It runs 13,169
passenger trains daily, on both long-distance and suburban routes, covering
7,325 stations across India. Mail or Express trains, the most common types of
trains, run at an average speed of 50.6 km/h (31.4 mph). Suburban EMUs run at
an average speed of 37.5 km/h (23.3 mph). Ordinary passenger trains (incl.
mixed) run at an average speed of 33.5 km/h (20.8 mph). The maximum speed
of passenger trains varies, with the Vande Bharat Express running at a peak
speed of 180 km/h (110 mph).
IMPORTANCE

The significance of railways in India:


(i)Railways are the principal mode of transportation for freight and passengers
in India.
(ii)Railways also make it possible to conduct multifarious activities like
business, sightseeing, pilgrimage along with transportation of goods over longer
distances.
(iii) Apart from an important means of transport the Indian Railways have been
a great integrating force for more than 150 years.
(iv)Railways in India bind the economic life of the country as well as accelerate
the development of the industry and agriculture.
(v) The Indian Railway have a network of 7,133 stations spread over a route
length of 64,460 km with a fleet of 9,213 locomotives, 53,220 passenger service
vehicles, 6,493 other coach vehicles and 2,29,381 wagons.

Types of railways
Rajdhani Express

Duronto Express

Rajya Rani Express

Luxury Trains

Shatabdi Express

Mail Train

AC Express

Advantages of Rail Transportation


Cost Effective
 – Rail transport is becoming more and more important as the cost of fuel goes
up. The advantages of rail transport are that the train can take you to your
destination quickly and fuel costs are much lower than other forms of transport.
More environmentally friendly 
– Rail shipping can be more environmentally friendly than other methods of
transport, such as shipping by truck or air. Rail cargo ships only use about 10%
of the energy trucks do, and rail cars are less likely to emit carbon dioxide into
the air.
Disadvantages of Rail Transportation

Huge Capital Outlay

– All large transportation projects require a huge initial investment. The amount
of money needed for a rail project to be completed is often in the billions or
even tens of billions of dollars. These costs only include the physical
infrastructure such as tracks and trains, not including other things such as
insurance, maintenance, and land acquisition. As a result, rail projects often
have long lead times before they can actually be implemented.

Lack of Flexibility
– Some people may find rail transportation advantageous, but it is not an option
for everyone. If you are living in a rural area with no access to rail
transportation, going out to get groceries may be difficult.

Waterways
Intro
A waterway is any navigable body of water. Broad distinctions are useful to
avoid ambiguity, and disambiguation will be of varying importance depending
on the nuance of the equivalent word in other languages. A first distinction is
necessary between maritime shipping routes and waterways used by inland
water craft. Maritime shipping routes cross oceans and seas, and some lakes,
where navigability is assumed, and no engineering is required, except to provide
the draft for deep-sea shipping to approach seaports (channels), or to provide a
short cut across an isthmus; this is the function of ship canals. Dredged channels
in the sea are not usually described as waterways. There is an exception to this
initial distinction, essentially for legal purposes, see under international waters.
Where seaports are located inland, they are approached through a waterway that
could be termed "inland" but in practice is generally referred to as a "maritime
waterway" (examples Seine Maritime, Loire Maritime, Seeschiffahrtsstraße
Elbe). The term "inland waterway" refers to navigable rivers and canals
designed to be used by inland waterway craft only, implicitly of much smaller
dimensions than seagoing ships.

Importance
Since time immemorial, India was one of the seafaring countries. Its seamen sailed far
and near, thus, carrying and spreading Indian commerce and culture. Waterways are
the cheapest means of transport. They are most suitable for carrying heavy and bulky
goods. It is a fuel-efficient and environment-friendly mode of transport. India has
inland navigation waterways of 14,500 km in length. Cargo transportation in an
organised manner is confined to a few waterways in Goa, West Bengal, Assam and
Kerala. Inland waterways Authority of India is the statutory authority in charge of the
waterways in India.India has a long coastline of 7,517 km forming one of the biggest
peninsulas in the world. It has 12 major and 187 Minor and Intermediate ports.
Oceanic waterways constitute an important role in the transport sector of India's
economy. Ocean routes handle 95 percent of India's foreign trade by volume and
about 70 percent by value

Types
The two types of waterways are Inland Waterways and Sea Routes. Inland
waterways exist in the form of rivers, canals and lakes within a country. Sea
routes exist in the form of seas and oceans. Here, transportation happens from
one country to another via the oceans and seas.
Advantages of Water Transportation

Economical:
 Streams are independent street that requires no structure or support. Indeed,
even yet, the expense of building and keeping up with channels is a lot less
expensive assuming they are used for purposes other than transportation, like
water systems. Furthermore, the expense of working water transport is by all
accounts exceptionally modest. It is the most economical technique for travel
for shipping items between areas.
Huge Storage Capacity: 
Ships are the methods of transport that have a higher limit with regards to
shipping a bigger measure of merchandise. This is especially obvious when
contrasted with different methods of movement like rail, truck, or aeroplane.
Disadvantages of Water Transportation

Dependability

: In spite of the fact that air and land travel is postponed by climate conditions,
they all things considered beat water transport as far as on-time appearance.
While a one to multi day postponement may not appear to be extreme, it might
adversely affect an organization that requires recharging items or has a client
looking out for them, bringing about lost income

Port Accessibility

: On specific occasions, ports are unacceptable for getting freight ships,
presenting strategic challenges during disembarkation. All boats require ports
and foundations that are proper for their necessities and size; yet, in specific
countries, these sorts of offices don’t exist, bringing about postponed
conveyance

Airways
Intro
Airways are one of the most comfortable and fastest modes of transportation.
High mountains, deserts, and dense forests are made accessible by air transport.
Air transport was nationalized in 1953. Alliance Air, Indian airlines, private
scheduled airlines, and non-scheduled operators provide domestic air services.
There are mostly two types of airports- Domestic and International. Air
transport is mostly expensive front and not easily accessible to all. It’s only in
northeastern states that special provisions are provided.

explain the importance of air transport in India giving/me points.


1. The air travel, today, is the fastest, most comfortable and prestigious mode of
transport.
2. It can cover very difficult terrains like high mountains, dreary deserts, dense
forests, and long oceanic stretches with great ease, serving India (varied relief
and terrain) adequately.

3. In India, it is because of air travel that visits to the north-eastern part of the
country marked by dissected relief, big rivers, dense forests, frequent floods and
international frontiers has become much convenient and easier.

4. Air transport is essential in providing for import and export of various goods.

5. It also provides for quick relief measures and rescue operations in difficult
times of natural calamities and disasters

Types

There are seven domestic airlines operating in India. Here is the list of airlines
in India: AirAsia India, Air India, Air India Express, Go First, IndiGo, SpiceJet
and Vistara. 

Advantages of Airways
Fastest mode of transport

– Most people are familiar with the idea of planes as a fast way to travel. A
plane can get from New York City to London in less than 7 hours, for example.
This is because planes have lots of power and can travel at high speeds for long
periods of time. Planes also typically take off and land within a few minutes of
each other, which means the frequency of flights are very high.

Cheaper infrastructure

– Railways and road transport are the two most common methods of transport,
but air travel is less expensive, infrastructure-wise

Disadvantages of Airways

High Operational Costs


– One of the main disadvantages of air travel is the high operational
costs. This includes the cost of fuel, aircraft maintenance, and
airport fees. Another disadvantage is that aeroplanes have to
undergo regular scheduled maintenance, and this can take away
revenue, as the plane cannot transport people and cargo while on the
ground.

Air transport accidents are usually fatal

– Air travel is a convenient way to get from one place to another,


but as much as we rely on it, air transport accidents are incredibly
common. In fact, you are more likely to die in an aircrash than to
win the lottery.

Conclusion
The transport system today plays a very vital role in the development of India. It
can be ranked among the most important sectors of the Indian economy. It is the
most significant event for transporting goods and services from one place to
another. Most people are not very knowledgeable about India’s transport system
and how it influences the growth of the Indian economy. The Transport System
in India helps people move goods within India and export them overseas.
India’s Transport System has helped many businesses by providing cheaper
transport charges and faster deliveries.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

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