1ST Answer

Introduction: A business blueprint is a step-by-step way to identify your business’s

needs, goals, and strategic plan. Establishing this business blueprint is essential because it’ll
provide the framework for your business as you develop it.

Blueprinting can be a helpful tool in determining what business model will work best
for your specific business. It can be challenging for companies that have not
developed a blueprint before to identify where to start!

The following steps will be taken for effective implementation of ERP:

1. Pre- Evaluation: The pre-evaluation process should eliminate those packages
that are not all suitable for the company's business processes. As a project manager,
I would screen the few best packages by carefully studying product literature,
website, and getting proper guidance from professional consultants. I would also
collect information through different sources about systems used by start-up
companies in the same field. Therefore it is better to evaluate five or six packages as
analysing all the packages is not viable.
2. Package-evaluation: The 5 shortlisted ERP systems would be open-source
software as they are less expensive to implement since there is no license cost
involved. For a start-up having multi-location in India, the five packages should be
evaluated on basis of scalability, affordability, comprehensiveness and other
necessary requirements. These qualities will be graded with one to three plus or
minus points.
3. Project Planning: Once the vendor and package is finalized, an implementation
team from the vendor’s side and the project team form a plan comprising of
resources required, deployment, testing procedures, go-live preparation
requirements (hardware/network requirement at each point of usage), sign-off
procedures for users, contingency plan and control measures, etc. The existing
loopholes and their potential solutions are identified during this phase. It also
involves the roles and responsibilities assigned to personnel, estimated budget and
clear timelines for project completion.
4. Gap Analysis: The company develops a model that states its current status and
where they want-to-be-headed. The standalone systems, manual processes,
problems due to delay in decision making are studied and anticipate the objectives of
a cloud-based ERP scalable to multiple locations and accessible by multiple devices,
greater operational efficiencies with real time updates on order status to ensure
better customer service, automated equipment notifications to flag idle machinery.
5. Re-engineering: Business Process Re-engineering ensures that business
processes, technology, functions are optimized before the software is configured.
Implementation of ERP system requires a review or restructuring of business
processes, functions, technology. Conducting BPR exercise changes the roles and
responsibilities of employees. Performing BPR in conjunction with ERP
implementation enables the software to offer process alternatives; consultants
provide industry expertise not available during an independently performed BPR
exercise.
6. Training: In this phase, employees are trained to implement the ERP, operate the
software and get used to it. Proper training should be provided to avoid any
contingencies after vendor and consultants leave the organization.
7. Testing: Testing is an important step. Real case scenarios like unavailability of real-
time information and multiple users logging on at the same time are created to find out
and rectify the weak link before its implementation.

8. Go-Live & End-user training: This step is performed when data conversion is
done, and databases are up and running. ERP system is made available to all
employees. This phase allows users to work on the software with real-time data. As
for users, it’s a transition from manual processes to a new ERP system, they may
make some mistakes; vendor provide extensive support either onsite or remotely.

9. Post Implementation: Post Implementation Support: This includes continuous

evaluation of ERP System. Periodic maintenance is provided for the smooth
functioning of system. Most ERP vendors offer comprehensive post implementation
support policies, annual Maintenance and support policies.

10. Change Management: It refers to a set of strategies and process that is used in
order to manage the organizational change and guide people through the important
transitions in order to achieve the result.
An organization needs to understand its current pain points and barriers to
implementation of change. At this stage, it is important to be clear regarding the
purpose and potential scope of the change. The change could be to:
Improve the organization, advance the organization to reach a particular goal or adapt
to a change that would improve the overall success of an organization.

People who have led their organization through a digital transformation that started
five years back, says it is important to have a clear message and also employ multiple
tactics in order to effectively communicate with all the organizational levels.

Conclusion: So, it can be concluded that ERP implementation would involve different
stages and it is important to gain co-operation from the management and the
employees to ensure success.

RP implementation in a huge corporation, such as BPCL would pose many obvious

technological and challenges of project management. Each company, therefore,
consciously would prepare itself to face them.

The challenge of change management was recognized as the foremost challenge and
dealt with it right from the conception phase in the most elaborate manner. It had an
advantage of managing a change of a similar magnitude in the recent past. Apart from
training, various workshops were conducted throughout the company in small groups.
This was done to ensure maximum participation of employees and acceptance of the
process of change.
2nd Answer

Introduction: Change often takes many forms. It would involve a leadership

change or a full-on digital transformation where a company would integrate
new system as well as processes, totally transforming how it would work.

Concept and Application:

Change management refers to a mix of art versus science, and this often
involves a combination of tactics as well as strategies, along with factors,
such as leadership buy-in, the culture of an organization, and how well it
would respond to the change.

It needs to really be driven intentionally as well as organically since it takes

all the people in the organization to move an entire company.

The five stages of the process of change

Assess and define the scope of the change: An organization should

understand its current pain points and barriers to implementation of change.
At this stage, it is important to be clear regarding the purpose and potential
scope of the change.

Develop a Plan: This stage involves navigating through a current state,

change state as well as future state.

From there, it would start to implement the change and constantly report on
the progress as the company would move towards its ultimate end goal or
future state.

Communicate change throughout the company: An individual who led his

company through a digital transformation that started five years back,
mentions that it is important to ensure having a clear message and employ
various tactics in order to effectively communicate change. Having
champions of change or advocates within the organization would be one
approach.

Along with the identification of change champions, organizations also have

to take steps in order to promote data literacy. They must begin by:
Establishing data and system ownership.

Understanding their data as well as the systems and applications supporting

their processes of business; and creation of benchmarks for capability of
employees.

Measurement of Success: At this stage, a company would review the

progress of the change and better understand where it needs to focus its
resources. It is important for an organization to be as transparent as
possible with respect to how the change has been going. It is important to
elaborate on where there would be room for improvement and sharing
positive results that have been driven so far.

As a part of the process of the management of change, organizations also

must level their team through training and focus on adoption as well as
culture.

As an example, the parent company for well-known baby brand, frequently

would conduct surveys for employees as part of its digital program of
change to gauge what is working and what isn’t.

A lot of good feedback can be received regarding how people feel regarding
the change, and where they would see some of the opportunities and some
level of success.

Ensure the change remains sustainable: This stage is all about true
integration and sustenance of the change in the long -term. To make the
changes sustainable needs ongoing, effective communication with all the
organization levels.

Change management would be really a constant process and one really has
to make sure that it is embedded within the company.

Effective change management: Though these five stages often define the
process of change, each organization would have its own unique path as
well as strategies it would require in order to implement in order to ensure
they can navigate this process.

Fostering Leadership Engagement: Three hours have been dedicated at its

monthly board meeting to its agenda of digital change. This fosters constant
leadership buy-in and a sustained commitment to the change.

So, it is a real reflection of the fact that we started from an acorn and have
grown in into an important driver of the business from a top -down.

Creation of a centre of excellence: The business of this group would be

more regionally owned, but the company discovered that when it began to
implement its digital change agenda, there was a global crossover, and so it
required in order to unify the business around a set of global standards as
well as practices.

The most challenging thing is to break down some of the historical siloed
methods of working in order to ensure creation of a much more cross -
functional, and global centre of excellence-driven model, and this enables to
then ensure progress at each and every place.

Embracing and preparation of a cultural shift: It is important to signal to

employees that its okay to fail if one has been experimenting and things
don’t work out as well as one had the initial thought. Organizations must
also lean on their HR teams to enable individuals to navigate their change
priorities.

Conclusion: HR has an important role in this. It doesn’t necessarily always

know each and everything about digital, but they do know a lot about
individuals.

Navigating change isn’t an easy thing for an organization, effective

management of change would make all the difference. One would define an
effective change management as a combination of motivation, alignment,
clarity, culture, objective-setting as well as adaptability.
3rd Answer

3a.

Introduction: Manufacturing companies often have to plan and control their

process of production in order to meet the consumer demand and
accomplish their objectives.

Concept and Application:

Production planning is an important function for any company, but it can be

challenging to do effectively without any right tool. ERP refers to a critical
component of ERP software for a manufacturing company. It is used in order
to plan and control the process of manufacturing, from design of the product
through production and delivery to consumers.

ERP production planning module refers to a component of an ERP software

enabling manufacturing companies plan as well as control the process of
manufacturing. It enables the companies to design the products, track
production, and deliver the products to consumers.

ERP production planning module also enables the manufacturing company

to fulfil their objectives by providing them a framework for an effective plan.
The evolution of requirements of manufacturing planning into ERP
happened. In this process, vendors developed more robust software for the
planning of production.

Consulting organizations have accumulated a vast knowledge of

implementation of an ERP production module of planning. The ERP
production module would do a smart part of the work. It would begin with the
creation of the product. Then, related to it, there would be a component
master. This module gets designed to track daily progress of production. On
completion of any work order, information would be sent for delivery. In
addition, reports on the schedule of the delivery would be available in this
module.

Planning the production would enable the company to plan production with
the best use of all the resources that are available.

Material requirement planning is done on the basis of the advice that has
been generated by the sales department.

The feasibility of the production gets evaluated using details such,

Raw material availability and time of procurement.

Availability of machines and capacity

A schedule of production would be generated for all machines. Scheduling is
done in an optimized manner on the basis of the priorities of production.

Features of the production module in ERP:

ERP production planning module has various features making it a valuable

tool for manufacturing companies. Some of these involve:

1. Process definition with inputs, outputs, by-products, and overheads.

2. Definition of BOM for all products up to any number of levels.

Planning on the basis of production that is done consumer -wise advice and
sales forecast.

Example use cases of production planning in ERP:

ERP production planning module would be very usef ul in making sure that
the process of production is as smooth and efficient as possible. In some
cases, ERP production planning module has even been able to overhaul the
process of production for the better totally.

Conclusion: Following are the best outcomes that have been observed
across industries: Manufacturing companies could reduce their lead times
by around 50% Food producers were able to increase their output by around
20% while maintaining a quality control of high level. Beverage producers
were able to reduce the levels of inventory by around 30%.

3b.

Introduction:

The ERP finance module refers to the software component handling the
main accounting as well as financial management functions of an enterprise
resource planning system. It consists of records of standard accounting,
such as the general ledger and balance sheet; generate financial reports
and would handle the related transactions, such as invoicing and expense
reporting.

Concept and Application:

ERP finance modules are important: This is because it is the first

component that has been activated in the system of ERP and the reason an
organization would replace their standalone software of accounting with
ERP. Integration of the finances of the different business functions enables
to make sure accuracy of accounting, and this is important when it comes to
meeting financial regulations and reporting needs that have grown more
stringent in the last few years. It would also provide the consolidated
financial data required to measure and improve the performance of the
company.

The finance module would also be the component that mostly differentiate
ERP from other business applications that have been integrated, such as
management of human capital, and from its predecessor, planning of
material requirement, and this mostly addresses the raw materials and
components required when it comes to manufacturing.

It is the one truly important ERP module and often provides as the vanguard
of deployment when there would be a change in the ERP system of the
company or expand to new locations.

ERP finance module features:

Profit tracking: The profit tracking renders a business with a picture of its
overall financial health and an overview of how it makes use of the financial
resources. With profit tracking, sometimes also known as profitability
analysis- an organization has visibility into where most of its profits would
come from. Some profit trackers would also be able to forecast the ROI of
an organization from all channels on the basis of historical s ales
transactions as well as an expense data.

General Ledger: GL is an all-inclusive record of all the financial transactions

of a company. It would track things, such as income and expenses, capital
accounts, assets as well as liabilities.

Benefits:

The ERP finance module would enable to speed up the financial processes
of an enterprise and provides auditable management of revenue and
management of an expense. It would also enable the company to more
clearly communicate the financial information to external parties, and this
includes the vendors and consumers.

Conclusion:

Other benefits involve the following:

Financial transparency: The GL and analytics dashboard provide the

authorized users with the information they require in order to understand the
financials of the company.

Improved productivity: Once a company would automate its manual and

time-consuming process of finance, productivity would improve.
Reduce human errors: Accounting errors, and this includes the mistakes of
data entry, one can easily detect and avoid.