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    Migratory Behaviour in Birds

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    Sharad Patel
    Bird migration is the regular seasonal movement of birds between breeding and wintering grounds, often north and south along flyways. Several factors trigger migration, including changes in day length, food availability, and temperature. Birds have adapted specific patterns and mechanisms for migration, such as storing fat, flying in flocks, and using celestial cues to navigate. While migration provides benefits like access to food and shelter, it also carries risks as many birds do not survive the long journey. Conservation efforts aim to protect migratory birds by reducing hazards and preserving habitats.

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    Migratory Behaviour in Birds

    Uploaded by

    Sharad Patel
    70 views19 pages
    Bird migration is the regular seasonal movement of birds between breeding and wintering grounds, often north and south along flyways. Several factors trigger migration, including changes in day length, food availability, and temperature. Birds have adapted specific patterns and mechanisms for migration, such as storing fat, flying in flocks, and using celestial cues to navigate. While migration provides benefits like access to food and shelter, it also carries risks as many birds do not survive the long journey. Conservation efforts aim to protect migratory birds by reducing hazards and preserving habitats.

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    Migratory Behaviour In Birds

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    Bird migration is the regular seasonal movement of birds between breeding and wintering grounds, often north and south along flyways. Several factors trigger migration, including changes in day length, food availability, and temperature. Birds have adapted specific patterns and mechanisms for migration, such as storing fat, flying in flocks, and using celestial cues to navigate. While migration provides benefits like access to food and shelter, it also carries risks as many birds do not survive the long journey. Conservation efforts aim to protect migratory birds by reducing hazards and preserving habitats.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    70 views19 pages

    Migratory Behaviour in Birds

    Uploaded by

    Sharad Patel
    Bird migration is the regular seasonal movement of birds between breeding and wintering grounds, often north and south along flyways. Several factors trigger migration, including changes in day length, food availability, and temperature. Birds have adapted specific patterns and mechanisms for migration, such as storing fat, flying in flocks, and using celestial cues to navigate. While migration provides benefits like access to food and shelter, it also carries risks as many birds do not survive the long journey. Conservation efforts aim to protect migratory birds by reducing hazards and preserving habitats.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 19

    Migratory

    Behavior In
    Birds
    OUTLINE OF TOPIC

    ▸ Introduction
    ▶ Why birds need to Migrate?
    ► What triggers migration?
    ▸ Patterns of Migration
    ▶ Types of Migration
    ► Migratory Adaptations in Birds
    ▶ Advantages & Disadvantages of Migration
    ► Conclusion
    ▶References
    INTRODUCTION
    Bird migration is the regular seasonal movement, often north and south
    along a flyway, between breeding and wintering grounds

    ▸ The path followed is known as flyway

    ▸ Directed from Arctic to Antarctic and vice versa

    Quite ancient activity practiced by Birds

    ▸ Recorded as many as 3,000 years ago by Ancient Greek authors,

    including Homer and Aristotle


    Migration
    It is a collective term of Immigration and Emigration

    Immigration occurs when new individuals are introduced


    and it results in the increase in population size

    Emigration is when individuals leave a population and it


    results the decrease in population size

    WHY BIRDS NEED TO MIGRATE


    1. Food
    2. Shelter
    3. Reproduction
    4. Predator Avoidance
    5. To Avoid Clim ate Extremes

    WHAT TRIGGERS MIGRATION?


    Species specific physiological conditions
    The Photoperiod
    Gonadal development
    Increasing Day length
    Changes in Food Supply
    Lowering temperature
    Patterns Of Migration
    The Old birds that have traveled many
    times in their life forms the front line
    Then comes the Young ones Traveling for
    the first time
    Next are the females
    Injured and old Birds are present in the
    back rows
    Birds tend to fly in flocks rather than to fly
    alone
    More Obvious pattern is V shaped
    It helps to save energy andI ides max
    Speed
    Types Of Migration
    ► Distance based

    1. Long Distance Migrations


    - Long distance travelled
    - Non Stop Journey
    - Energy is met by stored Fat

    2. Short Distance Migrations


    - Short Distance is travelled
    - Journey Starts from dawn and ends at Dusk
    - Birds Feed during the stop
    How Birds Find The Flyway?
    ► Sun Compass Cues
    The sun rises in the east, over headed at noon sets in
    the west

    ► Celestial Cues
    Angle between the north star and horizon decreases
    towards the equator

    ▸ Magnetic Compasses
    Birds orient themselves by using earth magnetic Field
    Mechanics Of Migration

    Long distance migrants store fat 50% of


    their body weight
    Some species start journey early and stop
    frequently to feed and rest
    In clear weather birds fly at altitude 1000
    meters
    It helps them to prevent strike with any
    obstacle
    Many birds have specific migration routes
    TYPES OF MIGRATION
    Seasonal migration is predictable based on seasonal
    changes
    Latitudinal: This migration is between areas of different
    latitudes from north to south and vice versa
    Longitudinal movement between different longitudes from
    east to west or west to east.
    Altitudinal Birds that breed in tall mountains often exhibit
    altitudinal migration
    Loop birds that follow an annual circle are loop migrants.
    Nomadic movement is less predictable and can be erratic
    depending on available food and water resources.
    TYPES OF MIGRATION
    Irruptive migrations that bring large numbers of birds into
    unusual areas, most often in winter
    Dispersal juvenile birds are forced away from their hatching
    grounds and must seek out their own territories as their
    parents continue to use the same range.
    A leap frog or skip migration is a unique pattern where a
    northern population will migrate a greater distance to skip
    over a sedentary population of the same species.
    Molt: Some birds migrate only to accommodate their annual
    molting periods.
    Advantages of Birds Migration

    ▸ Migration provides birds with


    I. New environment provides them with greater supply of food
    II. They are provided with shelter and territory
    III Better suited environment
    IV. Avoidance from the Predators
    V. Reproductive success as more offspring are produced
    VI. .In this way they face different environmental conditions and can
    meet the needs of their young ones more efficiently.
    VII Moreover, their survival chance occur more by evolution.
    Disdvantages of Birds Migration
    Many young are not able to reach the destination because they die
    during the course of the continuous and tiresome journey.
    Sudden changes in the climate such as storms and hurricanes,
    strong current of wind, fog are the causes for the death of a
    sizeable number of migrants.
    Sometimes man-made high tours and light houses cause the death
    of migratory birds.
    Man themselves are responsible for the death of the migrants.
    They shoot at these poor birds just for their own leisure and
    amusement.
    WHAT WE CAN DO FOR
    MIGRATORY BIRDS?
    ▸ Eliminate the poison in our Yard
    ► Protect, restore & Create Habitat
    ▸ Help Migratory birds in your own yard
    ▸ Provide them food sources
    ► Provide them Water sources
    ▸ Provide shelter either natural or artificial
    CONCLUSION
    ► Birds Migrate to survive

    ▸ Migration plays important role in their Evolution

    ▸ Several Climatic Factors triggers the process of Migration

    ▸ Migration is not always advantageous

    ► Birds have adapted themselves for Migrations either short or long


    distances

    ▸ Not all the birds migrate but some of the individuals of a population
    migrates
    References

    ANIMAL EVOLUTION AND WEBSITES


    BEHAVIOR BEHAVIOR Britannica.com
    By V. K. Agarwal By Reena Mathur, nlm.ncbi.com
    Dr. B. S. Tomar YouTube, etc.
    and Dr. S. P. Singh
    Thank You!
    - SHARAD PATEL

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