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1. (P ∧ Q) ∧ R
2n = 2 3
8%2 = 4
P Q R P∧Q (p ∧ q) ∧ r
V V V V V
V V F V F
V F V F F
V F F F F
F V V F F
F V F F F
F F V F F
F F F F F
2. (P → ¬Q) ∧ (P ∧ ¬Q)
2n = 2 2
4%2 = 2
3. (P ∧ Q) ∨ (P ∨ ¬Q)
2n = 2 2
4%2 = 2
P Q ¬Q (P ∧ Q) (P ∨ ¬Q) (P ∧ Q) ∨ (P ∨ ¬Q)
V V F V V V
V F V F V V
F V F F F F
F F V F V V
4. P ∧ Q ∧ R
2n = 2 3
8%2 = 4
5. (P ∧ ¬Q) ∧ (P ∧ ¬Q)
2n = 2 2
4%2 = 2
6. P ∧ Q → R
2n = 2 3
8%2 = 4
P Q R ¬R P∧Q Q → ¬R P ∧ Q → ¬R
V V V F V F F
V V F V V V V
V F V F F V V
V F F V F V V
F V V F F F V
F V F V F V V
F F V F F V V
F F F V F V V
8. ¬ (P ∧ ¬Q) ∧ (P ∧ ¬Q)
2n = 2 2
4%2 = 2
9. P ↔ Q V R
2n = 2 3
8%2 = 4