NANO-SCIENCE

MCQS (SSDP)
Mid-term
1.Helium atom has two electrons ____the nucleus.
A)Outside B)Inside C)Both D)None
2.Helium atom has two protons ____the nucleus.
A)Outside B)Inside C)Both D)None
3.The horizontal line in the periodic table are ____
A)Metal B)Group C)Period D)None
4.The atomic number of helium is ___
A)1 B)4 C)2 D)8
5.In modern periodic table when n=2, the l maybe
A)2or 4 B)0 or 1 C)4 or 6 D)1 or 0
6.According to Pauli’s exclusion principle two electron in the orbital should have
A)Same spin B)Opposite spin C)Attraction D)None
7.In helium atom, the energy of 3D state is actually _____ than energy of 4s state.
A)Lower B)Higher C)Middle D)Same
8.In helium atom, the degeneracy between 2s is broken due to _____ from the electrons outside
the nucleus.
A)Repulsion B)Interactions C)Force D)None
9.Structure properties of nanomatetial depends upon
A)Number of atom in molecule B)Temperature
C)Pressure D)All of above
10.The extensively used nano particles as catalyst is
A)Silver B)Copper C)Gold D)Cerium
11.In helium atom, the number of electrons in L shell as
A)0 B)2 C)4 D)8
12.If a proton and anti-proton come close to each other and annihilate , how much energy will
be released
A)1.5×10^-10 J B)3×10^-10 J C)4×10^-10 D)None
13.Helium has ____ atomicity.
A)Tetra-atomic B)Di-atomic C)Poly -atomic D)Mono-atomic
14.The melting point in nano form
A)Increase B)Decrease C)Remains same D)Change
15.The first talk about nano technology was given by
A)Albert Einstein B)Newton C)Richard Feynman D)Gordon E Moon
16.When semiconductors are reduced to nanometres they become good conductors.
A)True B)False
17.Modern periodic table had been given by
A)Mandleev B)Louiter C)Moosley D)Loother-Mayer
18.In periodic table, elements with similar Valence shell configuration are placed in
A)Different groups B)Same groups C)Can be placed anywhere D)None
19.As we go from left to right across period the electron affinity
A)Increase B)Decrease C)Same D)None
20.Traditionally, L value represents tha____ notaions
A)Scientific B)Spectroscopic C)Both D)None
21.Electrons cannot share the same______
A)Quantum states B)Quantum dots C)Both a&b D)None
22.Any quantum states with a given combination of n, l, can only hold of electrons
A)One spin up , one spin down
B)Both spin down
C)Both spin up
D)None
23.For a given system, no two electrons shall have all ____ quantum number
A)Two B)Four C)Eight D)Six
24.If we describe a spin quantum number using ms, and....
A)ms= 1/2,1/2 B)ms= ½,-1/2
C)ms=0 D)All of above
25.We always fill up electrons fron____
A)Top to bottom B)Bottom to top
C)Left to right D)Right to left
26.Hunds rule simply States that electrons in the same n and l, orbitals would prefer their spins
to be_____
A)Parallel B)Perpendicular C)Anti- parallel D)None
27.For any given electron, the potentials not only depend upon the _____ between nucleus and
electron as in hydrogen atom.
A)Coloumbic attraction B)Coloumbic replusion
C)Newtonian attraction D)Newtonian replusion
28.Complete relation V1(r1,r12) =?
A)-2e/4πε0 r2+ e²/4πε0r12
B)2e²/4πε0 r2+ e²/4πε0r12
C)-2e²/4πε0 r2+ e²/4πε0r12
D)None
29.To represent an orbital with same n,l,ml we use,
A)Circle B)Filled box C)Blank box D)All of above
30.Electrons follow the_____
A)Pauli’s exclusion principle B)Hunds rule
C)Both D)None
31.Einstein assumed that incident light consisted of many particles he called________.
A)Light quantum B)Electrons C)Packet of energy D)None
32.The energy of each individual photon can be expressed as follows
A)E=hv B)E=h/v C)E=v/h D)Both a & b
33.Einstein assumed that incident light consisted of many particles he called “light quanta” Later
named________
A)Photons B)Electrons C)Baryon D)Leptons
34.The energy of each individual photon can be expressed as follows E = hv Where h is
Planck’s constant and v is the_______
A)Acceleration B)Frequency of the light C)Potential D)None
35.This threshold frequency is characteristic of Materials _______.
A)Work Function B)Kinetic energy C)Potential energy D)Light
36.Incident light consists of more photons and thus can emit_______.
A)More electrons B)Less electrons C)Average electrons D)No electrons
37.The slope of the line is h and the intercept on x axis is______
A)Wave function B)Eigenvalues C)Eigen function D)Wave particle
38.We can measure different _____ under several incident light frequencies.
A)Threshold frequency B)Stopping potential C)Wave function D)Both a and b
39.The______ is a function of the intensity of the light.
A)Unsaturated current B)Saturation current C)Frequency D)Acceleration
40.The current increases initially with an increase in:
A)Negative voltage B)Positive voltage C)Negative Current D)Positive current
41.The incident light consists of more______.
A)Photons B)Energy C)Colours D)Both a and c
42.Incidents light consist of many particle called _____________.
A)Electron B)Meson C)Hydrons D)Photon
43.Each metal cathode has its own.
A)Energy realization B)Work function C)Both a&b D)None
44.Energy require to _______bonded electron from inside metal to vacuum.
A)Absorb B)Adsorb C)Emit D)None
45.Energy require to Emit electron from metal to vacuum is.
A)Photoelectric effect B)Compton effect C)Deflection D)Work function
46.Incidents Photon energy is_____ then Work function the electron emitted from metal.
A)Less then B)Greater then C)Equal D)None
47.The difference between the energy Carried by incident light and Work function Is.
A)Threshold B)K.E C)P.E D)None
48.More electron are emitted from cathode and collected at anode when.
A)Negative voltage B)Positive voltage C)No voltage D)Both b & c
49.First negative then positive voltage Saturated current is the function of.
A)Voltage B)Photon C)Intensity of light D)None
50.With higher intensity, incident light consist of.
A)More Photon B)More electron C)None D)All
51.V° is_____.
A)Stopping voltage B)Stopping current C)Stopping area D)None of these
52.Frequency of scattered x-ray_____ incident x-ray.
A)Less then B)Greater then C)Equal D)Both
53.Energy of each individual Photon is_______.
A)E=hv B)E=h/v C)H=E/v D)None
54.When the intensity of incident radiation, in a photo cell increased. Who does Stopping
potential vary?
A)Increased B)Remain the same C)Decreased D)Infinite
55.who does retarding potential vary with the frequency of light causing Photo electric effect.
A)Infinite B)0 C)Decrease D)Increase
56.when incident shine on the metallic cathode the Photon is.
A)Emitted B)Absorb C)Reflect D)None of above
57.If the frequency of incident radiation is equal to the threshold frequency, what will the value
of stopping potential?
A)Zero B)Infinite C)180v D)1220v
58.The maximum k.E of photoelectron is 3ev.what is the stopping potential?
A)0v B)3v C)7v D)5v
59.When positive voltage is applied _____,electron emitted from cathode.
A)Less amount B)Large amount C)More and more amount D)None
60..The energy of each individual photon can be expressed as follows
A)E=hv B)E=h/v C)E=v/h D)Both a & b
61..To describe lattice structure we have to introduce..
A)Crystallography
B)Miler indez
C)crystal
D)both a &b
62.We use ... To define family of crystallographic directions
A)(uvw)
B)xyz
C)wvu
D)none
63.The orientation of crystallographic planes is similar but not as straight forward as ....
Directions
A) noncrystallographic direction
B)crystallographic direction
C)both a& b
D)identical direction
64.. The reciprocals of interceptions on .. Axes are used to index the orientation of
crystallographic plane
A)Three
B)Two
C)four
D)One
65..Set of integer is written in bracket as ...
A)hlk
B)cckl
C)(hkl)
D)lkm
66..The set of integer is wriiten in a bracket(hkl) is called...
A)Miller index
B)Miller crystallographic
C)orientation
D)noncrystal
67)After defining miller index for both crystallographic and direction we prove that
crystallographic direction (hkl) is .... To crytallograohic plane(hkl)
A)Parallel
B)perpendicular
C)both a and b
D)none
68)The atom radius and BCC has .... Parameter
A)lattice
B)miller
C)both a and b
D)none
69.the interception is actually infinite and thus reciprocal number is ...
A)1
B)2
C)0 
D)5
70.Unit cell is ... Structure
A)cubic structure
B) non cubic structure
C)unclosed pack structure
D)both a and b
71. The total no of atoms in FCC structure is
A) 2
B) 4
C) 6
D) 8
72. In FCC structure the closed packed direction is
A) <110>
B) < 100>
C) <111>
D) < 101>
73. In FCC structure , the closed packed plane is
A) < 100>
B) < 110>
C) < 111>
D) <101>
74.The FCC packing density is:
A) 0.68
B) 0.74
C) 0.58
D) 0.83
75. What is the atomic radius of FCC crystal structure?
A) 2√2r
B) 4/√3r
C) a/4
D) a/2
76. Lead is a metallic crystal having_structure
A) BCC
B) FCC
C) HCP
D) TCP
77. The packing density for the (100) plane in FCC structure is
A) 0.907
B) 0.589
C) 0.7854
D) 0.384
78. Co ordination number of FCC crystal is
A) 4
B) 8
C) 12
D) 16
79. The no. of atoms per unit cell and the no. Of slip system for a FCC are
A) 3,3
B) 3,12
C) 4,12
D) 4,48
80.Representation of family of directions is
A) ( h k l)
B) { h k l }
C) [ h k l ]
D) < h k l >
81-The number of atoms per unit cell in HCP structure is
A) 2 B) 4 C)6 D) 8
82-The packing density of HCP is
A) 0.68 B) 0.74 C) 0.53 D) 0.64
83-Atomic radius of HCP structure is given by
A) √3/4 B) 4a/√3 C)a/2 D) a/2 √2
84-In coordination number of HCP structure is
A) 6 B) 8 C)12 D)16
85-Cadmium has a ______ structure
A) BCC B) FCC C)HCP D)MCC
86-The total number of atoms in BCC structure is .
A) 2 B) 3 C) 4 D) 5
87-In BCC structure the closed packed direction is
A) ⟨100⟩ B) ⟨101⟩ C) ⟨111⟩ D) ⟨110⟩
88-The closed packed plane in BCC is
A) {100} B) {110} C) {111} D) {011}
89-In BCC ,each atom has __closest neighboring atoms
A) 7 B) 8 C) 9 D) 10
90-The packing density of BCC with two atoms in plane {110} is
A) 0.23 B) 0.634 C) 0.833  D)  0.953
91. For a C atom the electron configuration is:
A) 1s, 2s
B) 1s 2 , 2s 2 2p
C) 1s2, 2s2 ,2p 2
D) None of the above
92. When a C or Si atom bonds with its neighbors it form a:
A) Triclinic structure
B) Tetrahedral structure
C) Monoclinic structure
D) Rhombohedral structure
93. The bonding orbitals have lower energy and the antibonding orbitals have:
A) Lower energy as bonding orbitals
B) Energy higher than bonding orbitals
C) Energy higher than isolated atom
D) None of the above
94. The fully occupied energy band from bonding molecular orbitals is called:
A) Conduction band
B) Valence band
C) Forbidden band gap
D) None of these
95. The empty energy band called conduction band consist of:
A) Bonding molecular orbitals
B) Anti-bonding molecular orbitals
C) Both A & B
D) None of these
96. Elements belong to IVA group which has 4 valence electrons in valence shell are:
A) Carbon & nitrogen
B) Lithium & helium
C) Hydrogen & sulphur
D) Carbon & silicon
97. The oxygen molecule is paramagnetic. It can be explained by
A) Resonance
B) Hybridisation
C) Valence bond theory
D) Molecular orbital theory
98. Band theory is based on __________ of electrons.
A) Particle nature
B) Wave nature
C) Quantum nature
D) different nature
99. Combination of two atomic orbitals results in the formation of two molecular orbitals namely
_________
A) one bonding and one non-bonding orbital
B) two bonding orbitals
C) two non-bonding orbitals
D) two bonding and non-bonding orbitals
100. According to de Broglie’s hypothesis, the wavelength of electron is………..
A) directly proportional to velocity of particle
B) directly proportional to square velocity of particle
C) inversely proportional to velocity of particle
D) inversely proportional to square of velocity of particle
101. According to de Broglie’s relation if velocity of particle is infinite, wavelength will be…
A) small
B) infinite
C) large
D) zero
102. The de-Broglie hypothesis is associated with:
A) Wave nature of electrons only
B) Wave nature of alpha-particles only
C) Wave nature of radiations
D) Wave nature of all material particles
103. De Broglie proposed that all matter has _______ nature.
A) particle
B) wave
C) both A & B
D) none of the above
104. De Broglie developed a relationship between:
A) momentum & inertia
B) wavelength & inertia
C) momentum & wavelength
D) none of the above
105. The electrons in the conduction band are free to
A) Transport vibrations
B) Transport signals
C) Transport charge
D) Transport impulses
106. Which one has the greatest energy gap?
A) Semiconductor
B) Conductor
C) Metals
D) Nonmetals
107. Many of the semiconductors are crystals of the type
A) Face-centered cubic
B) Body-centered cubic
C) Simple cubic
D) All of the above
108. With an increase in temperature the electrical conductivity of an intrinsic semiconductor
A) Decreases
B) Increases
C) Remains same
D) First increases then decrease
109. Holes can exist in
A) Conductors
B) Insulators
C) Semiconductors
D) All of the above
110. In a semiconductor the charge carriers are
A) Holes only
B) Electrons only
C) Electron and holes both
D) All of the above
111. The net charge on n-type material is
A) Positive
B) Negative
C) Both positive and negative
D) Neutral
112. The manifestation of the band structure in solids is due to which of the following?
A) Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle
B) Pauli’s exclusion principle
C) Bohr’s correspondence principle
D) Boltzmann’s law
113. The energy band gap is maximum in which of the following?
A) Metals
B) Superconductors
C) Insulators
D) Semiconductors
114. At absolute zero, Si acts as which of the following?
A) Non-metal
B) Metal
C) Superconductor
D) Insulator
115. At absolute zero temperature, a semiconductor acts as a conductor.
A) True
B) False
116. Which of the following is true regarding insulators?
A) The valence band is partially filled with electrons
B) The conduction band is partially filled with electrons
C) The conduction band is filled with electrons and valence band empty
D) The conduction band is empty and valence band is filled with electrons
117. Crystalline solids are which of the following?
A) Anisotropic
B) Isotropic
C) Amorphous
D) Unipotential
118. At which temperature, a pure semiconductor behaves slightly as a conductor?
A) Low temperature
B) Room temperature
C) High temperature
D) Supercritical temperature
119. The band gap between the valence band and conduction band is the measure of ______
A) The resistivity of the material
B) The conductivity of the material
C) Charge density
D) Ease of ionization
120. The rubber used in the wheels of aero-plane is _________
A) Perfect insulator
B) Slightly conducting
C) Can be an insulator or conducting
D) Semiconductor
121. A 1D infinite potential well has ____ potential inside the well:
A) Infinite
B) Zero
C) Finite
D) None
122. A 1D infinite potential well has ____ potential outside the well:
A) Zero
B) Infinite
C) Finite
D) None
123. Inside the potential well, V (x ) = 0. The electron is behaving like a:
A) Bound electron
B) Free electron
C) Both
D) None
124. When the size of potential well a increases, the difference
between two adjacent energy levels is:
A) Increasing
B) Remains constant
C) Decreasing
D) Both a & c
125. For a particle inside a box of finite potential well, the particle is most stable at what position
of x?
A) x > L
B) x < 0
C) 0 < x < L
D) Not stable in any state
126. When the particle strikes the wall of the well, it bounces off completely.
A) True
B) False
127. Particle in a box of finite potential can never be at rest.
A) True
B) False
128. The Energy of the particle is proportional to ____________
A) n
B) n³
C) n²
D) n⁴
129. When the Schrodinger equation is solved for E > Vo, the solutions will be __________
A) Non-oscillatory
B) Oscillatory Inside
C) Oscillatory Outside
D) Oscillatory inside as well as outside
130. . For a particle inside a box, the potential is maximum at x = ___________
A) L
B) 2L
C) L/2
D) 3L
131. Calculate the Zero-point energy for a particle in an infinite potential well for an electron
confined to a 1 nm atom:
A) 3.9 X 10-29 J
B) 4.9 X 10-29 J
C) 5.9 X 10^29 J
D) 6.9 X 10-29 J
132. The transmission based on tunnel effect is that of a plane wave through a ____________
A) Circular Barrier
B) Opaque Object
C) Rectangular Barrier
D) Infinitely small barrier
133. The particle has a finite, non-zero, potential for the region ____________
A) x > 0
B) x < 0
C) 0 < X < a
D) x > a
134. Tunnel effect is notably observed in the case of ____________
A) X-rays
B) Gamma rays
C) Alpha Particles
D) Beta Particles
135. The solution of Schrodinger wave equation for Tunnel effect is of the form ____________
A) Aeikx+ Beikx
B) Aeikx– Beikx
C) Aeikx+ Be-ikx
D) Aeikx– Be-ikx
136. The Eigen value of a particle in a box is ___________
A) L/2
B) 2/L
C) L/2−−−√
D) 2/L−−−√
137. The wave function of a particle in a box is given by ____________
A) 2L−−√sinnxL
B) 2L−−√sinnπxL
C) 2L−−√sinxL
D) 2L−−√sinπxL
138. 1. The energy of a particle in a infinite potential box is
A) Proportional to length of box
B) Inversely proportional to Square of length of box
C) Inversely proportional to length of box
D) None of these
139. What is the minimum Energy possessed by the particle in a box?
A) Zero
B) π²ℏ²/2mL²
C) ℏ²/2m
D) π²ℏ/2m
140. An electron is trapped into infinite potential well, which have width of 0.01 m find the
principle quantum number for which energy is 1 eV?
A) 10³
B) 10²
C) 10⅝
D) 10^6
141. Outside the potential well, V (x ) is infinitely high, then
probability of finding an electron would be:
A) Zero
B) Low
C) High
D) None
142. In wave function, if A is zero then the wave function is:
A) Remains Same
B) Zero
C) Both a & b
D) none
143. We can obtain the energy inside the 1D infinite well when:
A) 0 ≤ x ≤ a
B) 0 < x > a
C) 0 > x > a
D) none
144. Quantization of wave function n (x ), wave number kn , and energy En is a direct result of
the:
A) Schrodinger equation
B) Heisenberg uncertainty principle
C) Hermitian operation
D) Laplace equation
145. The fact that the wave function has to be continuous and ____at the boundaries.
A) Rough
B) Smooth
C) Both a & b
D) none
146. Wave function and wave number associated with energy level are:
A) Quantized
B) Unquantized
C) None
D) Both a & c
147. 1. The walls of a particle in a box are supposed to be
A) Small but infinitely hard
B) Infinitely large but soft
C) Soft and Small
D) Infinitely hard and infinitely large
148. 3. The particle loses energy when it collides with the wall.
A) True
B) False
149. In One dimension particle moves
A) x-y plane
B) x-y-z
C) x along x axis
150. A Schrodinger equation is a ___ form of equation?
A) Linear
B) Partial differential
C) Non linear

D) Both a and b
151: Which of the following gives the best explanation for the fact that sodium chloride is
crystalline?
A. There is strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.
B. It contains a regular 3D arrangement of positive and negative ions.
C. The crystal contains ions.
D. There are free electrons present which reflect the light.
152: Repulsive force is a short range force ,meaning that it increases very dramatically at short
ranges , but diminishes very quickly as
A. r increases
B. r decreases
C. Both a & b
D. None of above
153: Molecules consist of atoms
A. Pair of triplets
B. Pair of twice
C. Pair of dozens
D. None of above
154: Any macroscopic crystalline solids usually have atoms on the order of
A. 1023
B. 1024
C. 1020
D. 1029
155: Nanocrystals have atoms ranging from
A. Saveral hundred to thousand
B. Saveral hundreds to ten to thousands
C. Saveral hundreds to hundred thousands
D. Tên to hundreds
156: Nanocrystal material depending on their
A. Size
B. Length
C. Width
D. Volume
157: a quantum dot 2 to 3 nm in diameter would have around 1,000 atoms if we assume the
lattice parameter is about
A: 2A to 3A
B. 3A to 2A
C. 3A to 4A
D. 4A to 3A
158: If we have a quantum well, a sandwiched thin-film structure, the number of atoms would be
much _________ because only one dimension is in the nanometer range.
A)Smaller
B)Larger
C)Zero
D)None
159: the numbers of atoms that we are studying in nanocrystals lies uniquely between
A)Molecules and crystalline solids
B)Bonding and band structures
C)Nano and nano materials
D)Atoms and atomic bonding
160: A noncrystal embedded either in a wide bandgap semiconductor material or insulator.is
called
A)A quantum number
B)A quantum dot
C)A quantum property
D)None of above
161: Which one of the following is an example for bottom-up approach?
A) Ball milling technique
B)Sol-gel process
C).Both a and b
D). None of the above
162. The measurement range of electron microscopy is around _____________ meters?
A. 1 m
B. 1 nm
C. 10 m
D. 12 mm
163. Which one of the following is an example for top-down approach?
A. Ball milling technique
B. Sol-gel process
C. Both a and b
D. None of the above
164. In which one of the following nanomaterial the quantum confinement occurs in two
directions?
A.One dimensional
B. Two dimensional
C.Three dimensional
D.Zero dimensional
165. Which one of the following comes under quantum dots?
A. CdSe
B. ZnS
C. Both a and b
D. None of the above
166. Which one of the following comes under three-dimensional nanomaterial?
A. Embedded clusters
B. Equiaxed crystallites
C. Both a and b
D. None of the above
167. The measurement range of small angle X-ray scattering is around _____________
meters?
A.5 nm
B. 5-500 m
C. 20 m
D. 12 mm
168. Which of the following are the crystal structure decides?
A.Atom/molecule
B. Nanomaterials
C.Bulk materials
D.None of the above
169. The size of the one-dimensional nanocrystals and clusters (quantum dots) is
_____________ diameter?
A. 1-10nm
B. 1-7mm
C. 1-10m
D. None of the above
170. The assembling of nano materials atom by atom or molecule by molecule is known as
__________ approach?
A. Top-down
B.Bottom-up
C.Bottom-down
D. None of the above
171..A material with one dimension in nano range and the other two dimensions are large is
called_______
A)micro-material
B)quantum wire
C)quantum well
D) quantum dot
172. The melting point of particles in nano form_______
A)increase
B)decrease
C)remain same
D)increase then decrease
173.The first talk about nano- technology was given by___
A)Albert Einstein
B)Newton
C) Gorden.e.moore
D)Richard Feynman
1744.The initial used to help launch the nano-science revolution were_____
A)binoculars
B)microscope
C) scanning probe instruments
D)interferometer
175.when semiconductors are reduced to nanometers they become pure conductors_____
A)true
B) false
176.The size of atoms nearly___
A)0.01nm
B)0.1nm
C)1nm
D)10nm
177.Nano sized polymers built from branched units are called____
A)dendrimers
B)composites
C)carbon-based materials
D)metal-based materials
178.On both ends of CNTs, which carbon nano structure is placed___
A) graphite
B)diamond
C)c60
D)benzene
179.Quantum dots can be used____
A)mechanics
B)quantum physics
C)optoelectronic
D)crystallography
180.The number of atoms would be much larger because only ________ is in the nanometer
range.
A) one dimension
B)two dimensions
C) three dimension
D)both a& b
181. What is the ground state energy of the hydrogen atom?
A) -13.6 eV

B) -3.4 eV

C) -1.51 eV

D) -0.85 eV

182. Which of the following quantum numbers determines the size of the hydrogen atom?

A) Principal quantum number

B) Angular momentum quantum number

C) Magnetic quantum number

D) Spin quantum number

183. What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy the n = 4 energy level in a hydrogen
atom?

A) 2

B) 8

C) 18

D) 32

184. What is the wavelength of the photon emitted when an electron in a hydrogen atom transitions
from the n = 3 to the n = 2 energy level?

A) 121.6 nm

B) 656.3 nm

C) 486.1 nm

D) 434.0 nm

185. What is the total number of orbitals in the n = 3 energy level of a hydrogen atom?

A) 1

B) 3

C) 5

D) 7

186. What is the ground state electron configuration of hydrogen?

A) 1s¹
B) 2s¹

C) 2p¹

D) 3s¹

187. Which of the following describes the energy level of an electron in a hydrogen atom?

A) The energy level is proportional to the distance from the nucleus.

B) The energy level is inversely proportional to the distance from the nucleus.

C) The energy level is determined by the electron's mass.

D) The energy level is determined by the electron's charge.

188. Which of the following statements about the Bohr model of the hydrogen atom is correct?

A) It explains the fine structure of the hydrogen spectrum.

B) It accurately describes the motion of electrons in all atoms.

C) It was the first model to suggest that electrons occupy specific energy levels.

D) It suggests that electrons exist in a continuous cloud around the nucleus.

189. When an electron in a hydrogen atom transitions from a higher energy level to a lower energy level,
what happens?

A) Energy is absorbed by the atom.

B) Energy is emitted by the atom.

C) The atom becomes more stable.

D) The electron moves farther away from the nucleus.

190. Which of the following is not a valid quantum number for an electron in a hydrogen atom?

A) n

B) l

C) m

D) s

191. What is the name of the energy level in a hydrogen atom that has the lowest energy?

A) Ground state

B) Excited state

C) Ionization state
D) Sub-shell state

192. Which of the following quantum numbers determines the orientation of an atomic orbital?

A) Principal quantum number (n)

B) Azimuthal quantum number (l)

C) Magnetic quantum number (ml)

D) Spin quantum number (ms)

193. What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy an s orbital?

A) 2

B) 4

C) 6

D) 8

194. What is the energy of a photon that is emitted when an electron in a hydrogen atom transitions
from the n=3 to the n=2 energy level?

A) 10.2 eV

B) 12.1 eV

C) 14.4 eV

D) 17.4 eV

195. Which of the following is NOT a valid quantum number for an electron in a hydrogen atom?

A) n = 4

B) l = 2

C) ml = 0

D) ms = -1/2

196. Which of the following is not true about hydrogen atom?

A) It has one proton and one electron.

B) It has a nucleus consisting of a proton.

C) Its atomic radius is smaller than that of helium.

D) It has a mass number of 1.

197. Which of the following statements is true about the energy levels of the hydrogen atom?
A) The energy levels are evenly spaced.

B) The energy levels are determined by the principal quantum number only.

C) The energy levels are degenerate.

D) The energy levels are determined by the magnetic quantum number only.

198. Which of the following quantum numbers determines the shape of the electron cloud in the
hydrogen atom?

A) Principal quantum number, n.

B) Magnetic quantum number, m.

C) Spin quantum number, s.

D) Angular momentum quantum number, l.

199. Which of the following statements is true about the ground state of the hydrogen atom?

A) The electron is in the n = 1 energy level.

B) The electron has the maximum possible energy.

C) The electron has the maximum possible angular momentum.

D) The electron is in the n = 2 energy level.

200. Which of the following statements is true about the probability distribution of the hydrogen atom?

A) The probability of finding the electron at any point in space is zero.

B) The probability of finding the electron at the nucleus is zero.

C) The probability of finding the electron at any point in space is the same.

D) The probability of finding the electron at the nucleus is the highest.

201. Which of the following statements is true about the spectral lines of the hydrogen atom?

A) The spectral lines are caused by transitions between energy levels.

B) The spectral lines are evenly spaced.

C) The spectral lines are caused by the emission of protons.

D) The spectral lines are caused by the emission of electrons.

202. Which of the following wave functions is a valid solution to the hydrogen atom's Schrödinger
equation?

A) ψ(r) = e^(-r/a0)
B) ψ(r) = sin(r/a0)

C) ψ(r) = e^(-r/2a0)

D) ψ(r) = r/a0

203. Which quantum numbers specify the wave function of a hydrogen atom?

A) n only

B) l only

C) m only

D) n, l, and m

204. What is the relationship between the radial wave function and the principal quantum number (n) of
the hydrogen atom?

A) The radial wave function depends only on the value of l.

B) The radial wave function depends only on the value of m.

C) The radial wave function depends only on the value of n.

D) The radial wave function depends on both n and l.

205. What is the total number of possible wave functions for a hydrogen atom with n = 3?

A) 1

B) 3

C) 9

D) 27

206. What is the general form of the 3D time-independent Schro¨dinger equation for the hydrogen
atom?

A) ∇²Ψ + 8π²mEΨ/ℏ² = 0

B) ∇²Ψ + 8π²mVΨ/ℏ² = 0

C) ∇²Ψ + 8π²m(E-V)Ψ/ℏ² = 0

D) ∇²Ψ - 8π²m(E-V)Ψ/ℏ² = 0

207. Which of the following is true for the radial wave function in the 3D time-independent
Schrödinger equation of the hydrogen atom?

A) It is an odd function of r
B) It is an even function of r

C) It is a periodic function of r

D) It is a constant function of r

208. What is the role of the potential energy term V in the Schro¨dinger equation for the hydrogen
atom?

A) It represents the kinetic energy of the electron.

B) It represents the Coulombic interaction between the electron and the nucleus.

C) It represents the angular momentum of the electron.

D) It represents the spin of the electron.

209. What is the significance of the quantum numbers n, l, and m in the solution of the Schro¨dinger
equation for the hydrogen atom?

A) They determine the energy of the electron.

B) They determine the shape of the electron's wave function.

C) They determine the orientation of the electron's spin.

D) They determine the mass of the electron.

210. What is the degeneracy of the 3D energy levels in the hydrogen atom?

A) There is no degeneracy

B) There is degeneracy only for n=1

C) There is degeneracy only for n=2

D) There is degeneracy for all values of n

211. Which of the following is not a characteristic of wave function?

A) Continuous
B) Single valued
C) Differentiable
D) Physically Significant

212 Any wave function can be written as a linear combination of _________________

A) Eigen Vectors
B) Eigen Values
C) Eigen Functions
D) Operator
213.Which of the following is not a variable..
A)Wavelength
B)Velocity
C)Plank’s constant
D)Location
214.The concept of matter wave was suggested by
A)Heisenberg
B)De Broglie
C)Laplace
D)Schrodinger
215.In general the solution of the Schrödinger wave equation is
A)real
B)imaginary
C)complex
D) none
216.A Schrodinger equation is a ___ form of equation?
A) Linear
B) Partial differential
 C)Non linear

 DBoth a and b

217.The Schrödinger wave equation is a

A)linear differential equation

B)Non linear differential equation

C)second order equation

D) first order equation

218.The square of the wave functions magnitude is referred to as

A)current density
B)zero density
C) probability density
D)volume density
219.High speed electrons have wavelength of order
A)10-15 m
B) 10-14 m
C) 10-16 m
D)10-17 m

220) Speed of electron emitted with wavelength of 5000 Ao will be

A) 1.457 ×105 m/s

B)1.457 ×106  m/s

C) 1.457 ×107 m/s

D) 1.457 ×108 m/s

221) Whose results are used by de Broglie’s to prove his hypothesis?

A) Einstein and Plank

B) Einstein and Maxwell

C) Plank and Maxwell

D) None of these

222) According to de Broglie’s hypothesis, the wavelength of electron is………..

A) directly proportional to velocity of particle

B) directly proportional to square velocity of particle

C) inversely proportional to velocity of particle

D) inversely proportional to square of velocity of particle

223. According to de Broglie’s relation if velocity of particle is infinite, wavelength will be…

A) infinite

B) small

C) large

D) zero
224.What happens to a high energy photon after it strikes an electron?
A)decreases frequency
B)decreases wavelength
C) increases energy
D)increases momentum
225.What happens to the deBroglie wavelength of an electron if its momentum is doubled?
A)decreases by a factor of 2
B)decreases by a factor of 4
C) increases by a factor of 2
D) increases by a factor of 4
226. How many carbon atoms are present in a unit cell of a diamond?
A) 1
B) 6
C) 8
D) 4
227.What is the percentage of free space in a bcc (body centred cubic) unit cell?
A) 28%
B) 34%
C) 32%
D) 30%
228.Water is denser than ice due to
A) induced dipole induced dipole interactions
B) dipole-induced dipole interactions
C) dipole-dipole interactions
D) hydrogen bonding interactions
229. How many atoms are present in each unit cell of an fcc crystal?
A) 8
B) 6
C) 5
D) 4
230.How many octahedral voids per atom are there in a cubic close-packed structure?
A) 3
B) 1
C) 4
D) 2
231.Lead is a metallic crystal having a _______ structure.
A) FCC
B) BCC
C) HCP
D) TCP
232. Which of the following has a HCP crystal structure?
A) W
B) Mo
C) Cr
D) Zr
233. At ________ iron changes its BCC structure to FCC.
A) 308oC
B) 568oC
C) 771oC
D) 906oC
234. solids have _______ structure.
A) Regular
B) Linear
C) Irregular
D) Dendritic
235.Which of the following is a property of non-metallic crystals?
A) Highly ductile
B) Less brittle
C) Low electrical conductivity
D) FCC structure
236.The smallest portion of the lattice is known as __________
A) Lattice structure
B) Lattice point
C) Bravais crystal
D) Unit cell
237.The axial relationship of a monoclinic crystal system is given as ___________
A) a = b = c
B) a = b ≠ c
C) a ≠ b = c
D) a ≠ b ≠ c
238.What is the atomic radius of a BCC crystal structure?
A) a/2
B) a/4
C) a√2/4
D) a√3/4
239.What is the atomic packing factor of BCC structure?
A) 0.54
B) 0.68
C) 0.74
D) 0.96
240.When BCC iron is heated, it changes to FCC iron resulting in
A) contraction in volume
B) increase in volume
C) no change in volume
D) crack in the material

241. Which of the following has a non-crystalline structure?

A) Iron
B) Quartz
C) Silica glass
D) Tungsten
242. Which of the following has less crystallinity?
A) Iron B) Nickel
C) High density polythene D) Low density polythene
243. Which of the following is a characteristic of crystalline structure?
A) High density
B) Low density
C) Range of melting point
D) Short range of order
244. Which of the following is characteristic of non-crystalline structures?
A) Long range of periodicity
B) Well defined structure and geometry
C) Low density
D) Sharp diffraction pattern
245. Which of the following factor is not responsible for the formation of a non-crystalline
structure?
A) Atomic packing has open structure
B) Primary bonds are absent
C) Formation of dimensional chain molecule
D) Strong secondary bond
246. Austenite is having crystal structure
A) bcc
B)_hcp
C) fcc
D) orthorhombic
247. Which of the following is a point defect in crystals?
A) Edge dislocation
B) Interstitialcies
C) Grain boundaries
D) Cracks
248. The defect that occurs due to a displacement of an ion is known as
A) Vacancy defect
B) Schottky defect
C) Frankel defect
D) Interstitial defect
249. occurs when a foreign substance replaces an atom in a crystal.
A) Vacancy defect
B) Substitutional impurity
C) Frankel defect
D) Interstitial impurity
250. A disturbance in a region between two ideal parts of a crystal is known as
A) Boundary defect
B) Point defect
C) Line defect
D) Volume defect
251. In screw dislocation, the Burger’s vector liesto the dislocation line.
A) Perpendicular
B) Parallel
C) At an angle
D) Sideways
252. Generation of dislocations can be identified using
A) Schottky mechanism
B) Burger’s vector
C) Twist
D) Frank-Read mechanism
253. What are one-dimensional defects?
A) Boundary defect
B) Point defect
C) Line defect
D) Volume defect
254.What are two-dimensional defects?
A) Boundary defect
B) Point defect
C) Line defect
D) Volume defect
255. How is the dislocation energy defined?
A) J m-1
B) J m-2
C) m-2
D) N m-1
256. Which one of the following is an example for thermal properties of nanostructures?
A) Melting temperature
B) Absorption and scattering of light
C) Both a and b
D) None of the above
257. Unit cells for most of the crystals are:
A) spherical B) elliptical C)parallelepiped D)none
258. Crystallographic axes are obtained by the intersection of............... non coplanar faces of
the unit
cell.
A)three B)four C)five D)six
259. The number of crystal system are:
A) 5 B) 7 C)14 D)21
260. When the periodicity of atoms or molecules is extended throughout the solid then it is
known as:
A) single crystalline B) poly crystalline
C) amorphous D)none
261. The study of geometric form and other physical properties of crystalline solids by using x
rays,electron beam and neutron beam constitute:
A) spectroscopy
B) physiotherapy
C) crystallography
D) none
262. In the general form the faces lie
A) parallel to symmetry axes
B) parallel to symmetry plane
C) perpendicular to symmetry plane
D) noneabove of
263. The line joining the center of two opposite faces of a cube is a:
A) diagonal B)trigonal
C) hexagonal D) tetragonal
264. Bravais lattice consist of ............... space lattice.
A)7 B)11 C)14 D)32
265. Sodium chloride Nacl crystal has............ crystal structure.
A)simple cubic
B) simple trigonal
C) body center cubic
D) face center cubic
266. The arrangement of atoms in a crystal is called
A) lattice B) crystal structure
C) crystal symmetry D)none
267. If the number of lattice points per unit cell is one,then it is called.............. unit cell.
A) primitive B) non primitive
C) both a &b D)none
268. Thw number of atoms per unit cell of face centered cubic structure is:
A)one B)two C)three D)four
269. The bravais lattice of zns is:
A) simple cubic
B) Body centered cubic
C) face centered cubic
D) none
270. Which of the following is not a law of crystallography:
A)The law of constancy of interfacial angles
B) The law rationality of indices
C) The law of symmetry
D) The law of crystallization
271.Which of the following will emit photoelectrons when it collides with a metal?
A) UV radiations
B) Infrared radiation
C) Radio waves
D) Microwaves
272.Which of the mentioned metals is not visible light sensitive?
A) Cadmium
B) Rubidium
C) Sodium
D) Caesium
273.The photoelectric current is unaffected by
A). incident light frequency
B) metal work function
C) stopping potential
D) incident light intensity

274.____ is not related to the wave theory of light.

A) Polarization
B) Diffraction
C) Photocurrent
D) Interference
275.The photoelectric effect may be described using the following theories:
A) wave theory of light
B) Bohr’s theory
C) quantum theory of light
D) corpuscular theory of light.
276.____ is explained by the photoelectric effect.
A) Wave nature of light
B) Particle nature of light
C) Both wave and particle nature of light
D ) None of the mentioned
277.When light strikes a metal surface, the peak kinetic energy of emitted electrons
A ) varies with light intensity
B) varies with light frequency
C ) varies with light speed
D ) varies irregularly

278.The wave nature of electrons was first proved by whom ?

A) Photoelectric effect
B) Double slit experiment
C)Davison and Germer experiment
D) Compton effect
279.The dual nature of light exhibited by
A) diffraction and photoelectric effect
B) diffraction and reflection
C) refraction and interference
D) photoelectric effect.
280.Wave picture of light failed to explain.
A) the photoelectric effect
B) polarization of light
C) diffraction of light
D) None of these
281.Which of the following radiations cannot eject photo electrons?
A) ultraviolet
B) Infrared
C) visible
D) X-ray
282.Evidence of wave nature of light cannot be obtained from :
A) diffraction
B) interference
C) doppler effect
D) reflection
283.The maximum value of photoelectric current is called.
A) base current
B) saturation current
C) collector current
D) emitter current
284. In photoelectric effect, stopping potential
depends on
A) frequency of incident light
B) nature of the emitter material
C) intensity of incident light
D) both (a) and (b)
285.The phenomenon of photoelectric emission was discovered in 1887 by.
A) Albert Einstein
B) Heinrich hertz
C) Wilhelm Hallwachs
D) Phillip lenard
286. The ammeter will record current when cathode is ________ by incident light.
A)illuminated
B)darken
C)both a&b
D)none
287. There exists a minimum frequency of incident light below which no current was detected. This
frequency is
A)threshold frequency
B)angular frequency
C)resonance frequency
D)none
288. The threshold frequency is determined by material properties of
A)anode
B)cathode
C)glass tube
D)battery
289. The current registered through the ammeter is ________ to intensity of incident light
A)inversely proportional
B)directly proportional
C)independent
D) four time double
290. The kinetic energy of emitted electron does not depends on
A)light intensity
B)light frequency
C)voltage
D) work function
291. Einstein introduced the quantum nature of light in
A)1906
B)1806
C)1905
D)1805
292.The reverse potential applied to anode until the current in ammeter is disappears is called
A)stopping potential
B)maximum potential
C)cut off potential
D)both A&C
293. Which of the following gases are filled inside the Photoelectric cells?
A)neon
B)oxygen
C)hydrogen
D)carbon

294. Photoelectric effect is possible at all frequencies

A)True
BFalse
295. When light is incident on metallic surface electrons are emitted, this phenomenon is known as
A)work function
B)compton effect
C)photoelectric effect
D) none
296.When the K.E of photoelectron is zero, the frequency of incident photon is ________ that of
threshold frequency
A)less than
B)greater than
C)equal to
D)half of
297. In order to increase the K.E of ejected electrons, there should be increase in
A)intensity
B)wavelength
C)frequency
D)both B&C
298.Who first explain the photoelectric effect in metals.
A)Hertz
B)Einstein
C)Planks
D)none
299. In photoelectric effect, electrons are emitted with ________energies.
A)same
B)different
C) zero
D)higher
300. The current produced due to photoelectrons is called
A)photoelectric current
B)reverse current
C)stopping current
D) variable currentl