Electronics 10

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Quarter 2 - Module 1 ( Part 1 ) : Characteristics of Conductors

First Edition 2020

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 Junior High School
Special Science Class – Elective

ELECTRONICS
( Special Science Class - Elective )

Quarter 2 – Module 1 ( Part 1 )

Week 1 and 2

Characteristics of Conductors

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 MODULE 1 ( Part 1 ) CHARACTERISTICS OF CONDUCTORS

A wire is a single usually cylindrical, flexible strand or rod of metal. Wires are used to
bear mechanical loads or electricity and telecommunications signals. It is commonly formed by
drawing the metal through a hole in a die or draw plate.

At the end of this module, you are expected to:

1. Differentiate conductors from insulators, and

2. Describe the different types of wires and cables.

What I Need To Know ?

An electrical wire/conductor has a low or high resistance to allow normal current to pass
safely through it, and it is used as a path of the different factors to pass through like current,
voltage and resistance. It is used as a negative and positive line of DC circuits and L1 or L2 of
the AC circuit or Hot and Neutral Line. If there is a short circuit that causes a higher voltage
current to pass through it, the fuse wire can't withstand the heat, so it melts and breaks the
circuit.

In this lesson, as you work on with the activity, you will be able to answer the following
key questions:

What are the different types of electrical wire?

When to use an electrical wire?
How to skin properly the wire?

Before you start with the Lesson, be sure to answer the pre – assessment.

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 What I Know

Pre – Assessment
Directions : Read the questions carefully. Write only the letter that corresponds to the correct
answer in your separate answer sheet.

1. It is used as a path of an electric current in order to pass through in a circuit.

A. Rope B. Straw C. Wire D. Wood

2. The normal wire has _____________ resistance.

A. High B. Low C. Very high D. Very Low

3. A type of wire that has a low resistance in order the current can pass normally.

A. Braided wire B. Fuse wire C. Magnet wire D. Stranded wire

4. The smaller the wire, the ________________ the number / size.

A. bigger B. higher C. lower D. smaller

5. A type of wire coated with a very thin layer of insulation that conducts electromagnet.

A. Braided B. Fuse wire C. Magnet wire D. Stranded wire

6. What will happen to the wire if the resistance is smaller than the current ?

A. The wire becomes cold C. The wire temperature is normal

B. The wire becomes hot D. The wire temperature is hot and cold

7. A tube of fine wires woven around a conductor or cable for shielding purposes or used alone

in flattened form as a grounding strap.

A. Braided wire B. Fuse wire C. Magnet wire D. Stranded wire

8. The bigger the wire, the __________ the number / size.

A. bigger B. higher C. lower D. smaller

9. A type of wire composed of a number of small wires bundled or wrapped together to form a

larger conductor.

A. Braided B. Fuse wire C. Magnet wire D. Stranded wire

10. A type of wire, consists of one piece of metal.

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 A. Braided B. Fuse wire C. Solid wire D. Stranded wire

11. It is use an electrical installation of cabling and associated devices such as switches,

distribution boards, sockets, and light fittings in a structure.

A. Automotive wire B. Electronics wire C. Electrical wire D. Mechanical wire

12. Which of the following is NOT an electrical wire.

A. C.

B. D.

13. If solid wire consist of one single metal strand, how about stranded wire ? ?

A. Consist of one metal strand C. Consist of two or more metal strand

B. Consist of two metal strand D. Consist of five or more metal strand

14. Which of the following is TRUE to solid wire ?

A. Solid wire consist of one metal strand C. Solid wire consist of three metal strand

B. Solid wire consist of two metal strand D. Solid wire consist of four metal strand

15. Which of the following is an electronics wire ?

A. C.

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 B. D.

Lesson
Stranded Wire

What’s In?

Stranded wire is composed of a number of small wires bundled or wrapped together

to form a larger conductor and it is more flexible than solid wire of the same total cross-sectional
area. It is used when higher resistance to metal fatigue is required. Stranded wires are also
made of multiple small strands, which group together to make up a single conductor.

At high frequencies, current travels near the surface of the wire because of the skin
effect, resulting increased power loss in the wire. Because of the given thickness of stranded
wire, it's thinner, there are more air gaps and a greater surface area in the
individual strands of wire. Therefore, it carries less current than similar solid wires can.

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 What’s New?

ACTIVITY 1

Identifying Types of Stranded Wire

Objectives:

1. Identify the different types of stranded wire.

2. Describe its number of strands.

Materials:

Paper

Pen

Eraser

Procedure:

1. Identify the types of wire as specified in the table below in the first column.
2. Write your answer in the second column for the types of wire.
3. In the third column write your answer whether it is use for electrical or
electronics.

Your Answer either Solid or Your Answer either use in

Stranded Electronics or in Electrical and
No. of Strands

( Sample )
Solid Electrical - 5 strands
T.W. Wire

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 ( Start Here )

1. THN Wire 1. _______________ 1. _______________

2. Hook Up Wire 2. _______________ 2. _______________

3. Co Axial Wire 3. _______________ 3. _______________

4. Braided Wire 4. _______________ 4. _______________

5. Magnet Wire 5. _______________ 5. _______________

6. 6. _______________ 6. ________________

7. 7. _______________ 7. ________________

8. _______________ 8. ________________
8.

9.
9. _______________ 9. ________________

10. Ribbon Wire

10. _______________ 10. ________________

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Observation / Conclusion:

1. What are the types of wire you are using ?

2. Do they have the same uses and no. of strands ?

Generalization:

1. What are the types of stranded wire?

2. What are the components of the stranded wire ?

What is It?

STRANDED WIRE

Stranded wires are made of multiple small strands, which group together to make
up a single conductor. It is more flexible than a solid conductor, but less durable. You can use
stranded wire anytime specified in your work and terminations are listed on it. For instance a
backstab connector might be listed. Generally, a neutral wire is sometimes stranded which an
electrical system of a building and is tied the ground wire at the transformer. A common wire is a
more general term and simply refers to the 0 Volt wire of a circuit, either electrical or electronic.

Three Main Types of Stranded Wire :

A compact stranded wire is a

round or
sector conductor having all
layers stranded in the same
Compact Stranded wire direction and rolled to a
predetermined ideal shape.
Compact conductor each wire is
preformed into a trapezoidal
shape before
the wires are stranded together
into a finished conductor. This

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 results in even less space
between wires.

In a compressed stranded
Compressed Stranded Wire conductor, each
individual wire is round and
considerable space exists
between wires. between wires.

Concentric Stranded Wire A concentric stranded

conductor consists of a
central wire or core surrounded
by one or more layers of
helically laid wires. Each layer
after the first has six
more wires than the preceding
layer.

Types of Compressed Stranded Wire :

1. Communications Cable Wire – This is mostly use by the different communications

company, like PLDT, Globe, Smart and Sky Cable.
2. Non-Metallic Sheathed Cable - This is use in electrical wiring especially in house and
residential wiring.
3. Metallic Sheathed Cable - This is mostly use in electrical wiring especially in commercial
and business establishment like hotels and malls.
4. Portable or Extension Cord - This is use as an additional power source for any
electrical consuming device.
5. Ribbon Wire - This is mostly use in electronics gadgets and devices.
6. Hook Up Wire - This is mostly use in electronics component and connections./
7. T.W. Wire - This is just an ordinary wire use in house wring for a small number of loads.
8. THN Wire – This is similar to T.W. but it requires a raceway to be use before connecting.
9. Metallic Sheath Cable Wire – A type of stranded wire that surrounded by a metal.
10. Non – Metallic Sheath Cable Wire – A type of stranded wire that surrounded by an
asbestos or vinyl.
11. THW Wire – A type of stranded wire that surrounded by a hard plastic after the
insulator.
12. Automotive Wire – A type of stranded wire that is use in automotive wiring.
13. Transmission Wire – A type of cable stranded wire that is use in transmitting power like
transmission line that carries more than 6,000 volts.

Below is the Table of Wire :

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 The biggest size of wire is no. 4/0 or no. ( 0000 ) read as four zeros and the lowest
is no. 40. The smaller the no., the bigger the size. The bigger the no., the smaller the
size. If we compare wire no. 4 to no.10, no. 4 has bigger in size and no. 10 is smaller. As
you can see the table below:

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 USES OF WIRE :

1. Use as a path of electric current.

2. Use to transmit power.
3. Use to transmit signal.
4. Use to transmit data.
5. Use in wiring a house, building and etc.
6. Use to form an object for decorations.

Sample object made by wire :

What I Have Learned?

Directions: Write only the letter that corresponds to the correct answer. Write your
answer in a separate sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following is TRUE to a wire.

A. Wire is made of wood C. Wire is made of wood and metal
B. Wire is made of plastic D. Wire is either solid or stranded
2. Which of the following is TRUE to a stranded wire.
A. A wire that has a one strand C. A wire that consist of seven strands only
B. A wire that is made of metal D. A wire that consist of five or more strands
3. In order to know the size of wire, we will use a _______________.
A. Potentiometer B. Scanner C. VOHM Tester D. Wire Gauge

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 4. Complete the statement, “ The ______________ the wire, the smaller the size”.
A. Bigger B. Smaller C. Thicker D. Thinner
5. Which of the following wire has bigger in size ?
A. # 8 B. # 10 C. # 12 D. # 14

What’s More

Directions: Form any object made by a stranded wire. You can use any size. If possible an
object that can be use for christmas decoration .

Lesson
Solid Wire
2

What I Need To Know

In the previous lesson, you have already learned about stranded wire. Now, in this
module you will learn the types of solid wire and its importance.

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What’s In

Solid wire, also called solid-core or single-strand wire that consists of one piece of
metal wire. It is useful for wiring breadboards. It is cheaper to manufacture than stranded
wire and is used where there is little need for flexibility in the wire.

What’s New?

ACTIVITY 2

Directions : In a sheet of paper write down the kinds of electrical wire and label whether
it is solid or stranded and on the other side give its uses. Follow the format below :

Name of Wire Kinds of Wire Uses / Functions

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

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 What Is It?

SOLID WIRE

Solid wires are constructed of one, single piece of metal, while Stranded wires are
made of multiple small strands, which group together to make up a single wire. It is more flexible
than a solid wire, but less durable.

Solid Wire Stranded Wire

Sizes of the wire can be measure using a Wire Gauge ( AWG ) American Wire Gauge.
The best tool in skinning the wire is the Wire Stripper. Below is the sample of the wire stripper.

Ordinary Wire Stripper Automatic Wire Stripper Wire Stripper / Cutter

In general, solid wires are better electrical conductors and provide superior, stable
electrical characteristics over a wider range of frequencies. They are also considered more
rugged and less likely affected by vibration or susceptible to corrosion since they have less
surface area than stranded wires.

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Table shows current carrying capacity of the wire Copper and Aluminum.

COPPER WIRE ALUMINUM WIRE

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 What I Have Learned?

Directions: Read the questions carefully. Write only the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which of the following is true to solid wire.

A. It is cheaper C. It has less surface area

B. It is made of metal D. It is made of metal, plastic and wood

2. How much is the current carrying capacity of wire no. 10?

A. 30 Amp. B. 60 Amp. C. 100 Amp D. 150 Amp.

3. What tool that is best for skinning the wire?

A. Cutter Stripper C. Longnose pliers

B. Cutter Pliers D. Wire Stripper

4. How to identify the wire whether it is solid or stranded ?

A. Length of wire C. Number of skin

B. Number of strands D. Weight of wire

5. Which of the following is NOT TRUE to a solid wire?

A. One single metal C. One strand only

B. One solid face D. More than ten strands

What’s More

1. Write at least five descriptions / characteristics of a solid wire in a tabular form.

Follow the format below.

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 WIRE DESCRIPTIONS / CHARACTERISTICS

Solid Wire

Assessment

Multiple Choice

Directions: Read the questions carefully. Write only the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which of the following is TRUE to a wire.

A. Wire is made of wood C. Wire is made of wood and metal
B. Wire is made of plastic D. Wire is either solid or stranded
2. In order to know the size of wire, we will use ______________.
B. Potentiometer B. Scanner C. VOHM Tester D. Wire Gauge
3. What type of wire that has a low resistance.
A. Braided wire B. Fuse wire C. Magnet wire D. Stranded wire

4. The bigger the wire, the _______________ the number / size.

A. bigger B. higher C. lower D. smaller

5. It is use an electrical installation of cabling and associated devices such as switches,

distribution boards, sockets, and light fittings in a structure.

A. Automotive wire B. Electronics wire C. Electrical wire D. Mechanical wire

6. A type of wire coated with a very thin layer of insulation that conducts electromagnet.
A. Braided B. Fuse wire C. Magnet wire D. Stranded wire

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 7. Which of the following is TRUE to a stranded wire.

A. Wire that has one strand C. Wire that consist of seven strands only

B. Wire that is made of metal D. Wire that consist of five or more strands

8. What tool that is best for skinning the wire?

A. Cutter Stripper C. Longnose pliers
B. Cutter Pliers D. Wire Stripper
9. Which of the following wire has bigger in size
B. # 22 B. # 18 C. # 14 D. # 10

10. How to identify the wire whether it is solid or stranded ?

A. Length of wire C. Number of skin

B. Number of strands D. Weight of wire

11. If solid wire consist of one single metal strand, how about stranded wire ? ?

A. Consist of one metal strand C. Consist of two or more metal strand

B. Consist of two metal strand D. Consist of five or more metal strand

12. Which of the following is NOT TRUE to a solid wire?

A. One single metal C. One strand only

B. One solid face D. More than ten strands

13. Which of the following below is an electronics wire ?

A. C.

B. D.

14. Which of the following wire has bigger in size ?

A. # 8 B. # 10 C. # 12 D. # 14

. 15. A type of wire consist of one piece of metal.

A. Braided B. Fuse wire C. Solid wire D. Stranded wire

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References :

A. Books

Fundamentals of Electricity ( First Edition )

By : Elpidio J. Cardenas, pp. 4 – 20

T.L.E. – 7 / 8 Learner’s Material ( Electricity ), Department of Education of the

Philippines, pp. 11 - 15

B. Photo Credits

https://energypedia.info/wiki/Philippines_Energy_Situation#:~:text=The%2
0Philippines%20is%20located%20in,by%20wind%2C%20solar%20and%
20biofuel.

https://www.google.com/search?q=common+electrical+hand+tools+in+th
e+philippines&tbm=isch&source=iu&ictx=1&fir=t1MGF5pcXU53VM%252
CUr9JASFcWtBhMM%252C_&vet=1&usg=AI4_-
kQhu6QleZzE0EYebzLRtXkjU1EVFw&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjBxrGHpfTrA
hWDF4gKHRGVDtcQ9QF6BAgHECQ#imgrc=Favk_AdUjPZ79M

C. Links

https://energypedia.info/wiki/Philippines_Energy_Situation#:~:text=The%2

0Philippines%20is%20located%20in,by%20wind%2C%20solar%20and%

20biofuel.

https://www.servicetitan.com/blog/best-electrician-tools

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