Automation Lab – ME702

DEPARTMENT
OF
ELECTRICAL & ELECRONICS
ENGINEERING – MARINE

SUBJECT CODE/ TITLE: ME706/ AUTOMATION LAB

CLASS/YEAR: BE.ME / IV YEAR

LABMANUAL
2017-2018
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Automation Lab – ME702

SYLLABUS

1. a) To measure the temperature of given heat source using thermocouple.

b) To study the characteristics of thermocouple.

2. a) To measure the temperature of given heat source using RTD

b) To study the characteristics of RTD

3. a) Study the characteristics of LVDT transducer

b) To measure the linear displacement using LVDT.

4. To study the characteristics of strain gauge.

5. To study the operation & trouble shooting of pressure switch.

6. a) To study the operation & trouble shooting of Float switch.

b) To perform Bilge alarm circuit.

7. Current to Pressure converter.

8. Pressure to current converter.

9. a) Calibration & testing of Pressure gauges & Pressure switches using

dead weight tester.
b) Testing of pressure gauges for corrosion, leakage and hysteresis.

10. Calibration & testing of RTD and thermocouple

11. To study the operation of relays, contractors and timer.

12. a) To study the level process station using manual mode control.
b) To study the level process station using PID control by virtual
instrumentation

13. To check performance of valve actuator.

14. To study the pressure process station using analog PID mode control.

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INDEX

S.NO EXPERIMENT NAME PG.NO

01 THERMOCOUPLE 06
TESTING AND CALIBRATION OF RESISTANCE
02 08
THERMOMETER
03 VALVE LINEAR VARIABLE DIFFERENTIAL TRANSFORMERS 10
04 STRAIN GAUGE 11
CALIBRATION OF PRESSURE SWITCH USING DEAD
05 12
WEIGHT TESTER
06 BILGE ALARM AND FLOAT SWITCH 14
07 PRESSURE TO CURRENT CONVERTER 15

08 CALIBRATION OF PRESSURE GAUGE 16

TESTING AND CALIBRATION OF RESISTANCE
09 17
THERMOMETER AND THERMOCOUPLE
STUDY OF PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC
10 19
CONTROLLER,RELAY,TIMER,AND CONTRACTORS
LEVEL PROCESS USING MANUAL MODE CONTROLFLOW
11 21
PROCESS
24
12 PNEUMATIC CONTROL VALUE

13 PRESSURE PROCESS USING PID CONTROLLER 27

14 CURRENT TO PRESSURE CONVERTER 28

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NO OF CYCLES
CYCLE 1:
01 THERMOCOUPLE
02 RESISTANCE TEMPERATURE THERMOMETER
03 VALVE LINEAR VARIABLE DIFFERENTIAL TRANSFORMERS
04 STRAIN GAUGE
05 CALIBRATION OF PRESSURE SWITCH USING DEAD WEIGHT TESTER
06 BILGE ALARM AND FLOAT SWITCH
07 PRESSURE TO CURRENT CONVERTER

CYCLE 2:
08 CALIBRATION OF PRESSURE GAUGE
09 TESTING AND CALIBRATION OF RTD AND THERMOCOUPLE
10 STUDY OF PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER,RELAY,TIMER,AND
CONTRACTORS
11
LEVEL PROCESS USING MANUAL MODE CONTROLFLOW PROCESS
12 PNEUMATIC CONTROL VALUE
13 PRESSURE PROCESS USING PID CONTROLLER
14
CURRENT TO PRESSURE CONVERTER

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Automation Lab – ME702

Ex No.1- THERMOCOUPLE

AIM:

To study the characteristics of thermocouple.

THEORY:

It is a junction between two different metals that produces a voltage related to a

temperature difference. It is used as temperature sensor foe measurement and control. It converts
heat into electric power. Any junction of dissimilar metals will produce an electric potential related
to temperature. Limitation is accuracy.

APPLICATION:

Temperature measurement for gas turbine exhaust, diesel engine and other industrial
processes. Thermocouple is a electrical type thermometer. It can be used to indicate exhaust
temperature of engine onboard the ship.

PROCEDURE:

1. The connections are made as per the heater water bath shown in the diagram.
2. Thermocouple terminals are connected to the multimeter.
3. The initial temperature of the bath is measured using thermometer and voltage of the
thermocouple in multimeter.
4. The heater is switched ON.
5. The rise in temperature of water bath is noted down for every 10°C.
6. The readings of temperature in °C & Voltage are volts tabulated and the graph is plotted.
7. Graph is drawn by taking temperature along X axis and voltage along Y axis.

APPLICATION:

1. To sense when the pilot light is burning.

2. Gas turbine exhaust to determine the proper fuel to air mixture to obtain the best
long term performance and efficiencies of operation.
3. R & D testing of combustion systems in automotive and truck engines.
4. Computerized engine monitoring systems for automotive applications.
5. Furnace temperature control.

OBSERVATION:

Thermocouple being positive temperature coefficient, temperature is directly proportional to the

output voltage.

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WATERBATH SETUP:

THERMOCOUPLE:

MODEL GRAPH:

TABULATION
Sl.No Water Thermocouple
Temperature Voltage (V)
(⁰C)

RESULT:
Thus the characteristics of
thermocouple are studied and graph is plotted.

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Ex No.2 - RESISTANCE TEMPERATURE THERMOMETER

AIM:

To study the characteristics of RTD

PROCEDURE:

1. The connections are made as per the heater-water bath set-up shown in the figure.
2. The RTD terminals are connected to the multimeter.
3. The initial temperature of the bath is measured using thermometer and resistance of the RTD is
measured in multimeter.
4. The heater is switch ON.
5. The rise in temperature is noted down in °C and resistance in Ω and graph is plotted.
6. The reading of water bath is tabulated for every 10°C rise.

OBSERVATIONS:

1. RTD being positive temperature coefficient, temperature is directly proportional to resistance

change.
2. Resistance of RTD and temperature is determined by the formula.
R t = R⁰ + (1+α∆T)
R⁰ = temperature at zero degree Celsius.
α = temperature co efficient of resistance
∆T = temperature difference
TABULATION

Sl.No Temperature Resistance

(⁰C) (ohm)

RESULT:

Thus the results of resistance thermometer is calibrated and verified.

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Ex No.3 - LVDT

AIM:

To study the characteristics of a LVDT position sensor with respect to signal conditioned output
voltage.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

1. ITB – 12 CE Unit
2. LVDT Set up
3. Multimeter
4. Power Chord

THEORY:

Displacement is an vector quantity representing a change in position of body or a point with

respect to a reference. It can be linear or angular (Rotational) motion. With the help of displacement
transducer, many other quantities such as a force, stress pressure, velocity and acceleration can be
found. In case if linear displacement the magnititude of measurement may range from a few
micrometer to a few centimeter.

A simple and most popular type displacement transducer is the variable inductance type
where in the inductance is varied according to the displacement. This is achieved by carrying the
mutual inductance between the two coils of LVDT or by varying self inductance (variable reluctance
sensor).

The very fine resolution, high accuracy and good stability make LVDT most suitable as a
position measuring device. LVDT forms the basic sensing element in the measurement of pressure,
load and acceleration.

PROCEDURE:

1. Install the LVDT position sensor and interface the 9 Pin D type cable with ITB – 12 CE Unit.
2. Switch ON the unit.
3. Connect the multimeter in DC volt mode across T6 and T7 for signal conditioned output voltage
measurement.
4. Set the micrometer position at 10mm and calibrate the display at ‘0’ mm using ‘zero’
potentiometer. The voltage across T6 and T7 should be 0 volt.
5. Set the micrometer position at 20mm and calibrate the display at ‘10’mm using ‘spam’
potentiometer. The voltage across T6 and T7 should be 5 volt.
6. Repeat the zero and span calibration until the core displacement is 0mm for 10mm
displacement in micrometer and core displacement is 10mm for 20mm displacement in the
micrometer.
7. After completion of the calibration, place the core of the LVDT to 10mm by adjusting the
micrometer.

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8. Gradually increase the micrometer displacement from 10mm to 20mm and notedown the
forward core displacement from 0mm to 10mm on the display and signal conditioned output
voltage (V) across T6 and T7.
9. Similarly, decrease the micrometer displacement from 10mm to 0mm and notedown the
reverse core displacement of zero to -10mm on the display and signal conditioned output
voltage (V) across T6 and T7.
10. Tabulate the reading of the core displacement micrometer displacement and signal
conditioned output voltage.
11. Plot the graph between core displacement(mm) along X axis and signal conditioned output
voltage (V) along Y axis.

TABULATION

Micrometer Core Signal Conditioned

displacement Displacement Output
(mm) (mm) Voltage (V)

RESULT:

Thus the characteristics of a LVDT position sensor with respect to signal conditioned output voltage.

Ex No.4 - STRAIN GAUGE

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AIM:

To study the characteristics between strains applied to the cantilever strain sensor and the signal
conditioned sensor output voltage.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

1. ITB-17-CE Trainer Kit

2. Multimeter
3. Cantilever beam strain sensor set up
4. Weights (100 grams * 10 Nos.)
5. Power chord.
FORMULA:

Theoretical Strain = 6PL/Bt² Y

Where,

P= Maximum applied load to beam = 1 Kg

L = Length of the beam = 21.58Cm
B= Breadth of the beam= 2.8Cm
t= Thickness of the beam=0.25Cm
Y=Young’s Modulus = 2*10⁶Kg/Cm²

THEORY:
It is a passive transducer. It consists of an insulating flexible backing which supports a
metallic foil pattern. The gauge is attached to the object. As the object is deformed, the foil is
deformed causing its electrical resistance to change. The resistance change, usually measured using
a Wheatstone bridge.
PROCEDURE:
12. Install the cantilever beam strain sensor set up and interface the 9 pin D connector with ITB-17-
CE kit.
13. Connect the multimeter in volt mode (DC) across T5 and GND for the signal conditioned sensor
voltage measurement.
14. Switch ON the module.
15. Initially unload the beam and nullify the display by using zero adjustment POT (Zero
calibration).
16. Apply the maximum load of 1 Kg to the beam and adjust the display to 370 micro strains by
using gain adjustment POT (gain calibration).
17. Now apply the load to the beam, a strain will develop on the beam and measure the signal
conditioned sensor output voltage across T5 and GND.
18. Gradually increase the load and note down the signal conditioned sensor output voltage and
actual strain.
19. Tabulate the values of theoretical strain, actual strain and signal conditioned sensor output
voltage.
20. Plot a graph between practical strain and signal conditioned sensor output voltage.

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APPLICATION:

Strain gauge alignment technique on slow-speed diesel propulsion shafting installations.

MODEL GRAPH:

TABULATION

S.No Applied Load Practical Strain Theoretical Strain Signal conditioned

(gm) (μstrain) (μstrain) sensor output
voltage (V)

RESULT:

Thus the characteristics between strain applied to the cantilever strain sensor and the signal
conditioned output voltage was studied and graph is plotted by taking practical strain along x axis
and signal conditioned output voltage along y axis.

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Ex No.5 - CALIBRATION OF PRESSURE SWITCH USING DEAD WEIGHT

TESTER

AIM:

To calibrate the pressure switch using dead weight tester.

PROCEDURE:

7. The dead weight tester is fixed on the table with proper leaving.
8. Pre calibration checks are performed for releasing air bubbles.
9. The pressure switch to be tested is fixed and the pressure is set. The NO, NC contacts are
checked.
10. The suitable standard dead weights are placed on the weight platform.
11. The oil chamber is pressured by rotating the screw pump in clockwise direction.
12. As the pressure equals the dead weights the weight platform is lifted high.
13. The lifting is indicated by a red band around the position.
14. This is an indication of a pressure equal to weights placed on the platform.
15. Now open the gauge level switch which applies standard pressure to pressure switch.

OBSERVATIONS:

3. If the standard pressure applied and the set pressure are same, then the pressure switch is
accurate.
4. Contacts are operated and so the NO is closed and NC is open. This can be shown by the use of
a test lamp on a multimeter.

APPLICATIONS:

1. Pressure switches can be used to generate alarm for the set pressure value.
2. Automatic pressure cut off air bottle.

TABULATION

3.

Sl.No WEIGHT(Kg/cm2) PRESSURE(psi)

4.

RESULT:

Thus the results are calibrated using dead weight tester.

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Ex No.6 - BILGE ALARM

Aim: To assemble the component required for the bilge alarm and to understand the
function by the connecting various components on a wooden board through proper
cables.
Component Required:

S.No Name of component Quantity

1 Wooden board 1

2 Control relay 2

3 Test switch (NC) 1

4 Normal light (green) 1

5 Abnormal light (red) 1

6 Alarm 1

7 Float switch 1

8 Control switch (2A) 1

9 Reset switch (NO) 1

10 Connector and As required

connecting wires

Precaution:
 Before supplying electric current to equipment it should be as certified that the
equipment is properly earthed and cable insulation is strong enough.
 Before replacing blown out fuse to remember to put off main switch in OFF position
and use proper tools to renew the fuse switch same rating.
Theory:

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 Bilge alarm is made for the safety of the ship to avoid the flooding of engine room
caused any abnormal leakage developed from any pine line valve, even with a hole at
the ship hoxe.
 If there is no such arrangement the flooding of the engine room and the causes of
failure of engine room machinery will be remain unaware ultimately it results in the
immerged of ship.
 By6 this bilge alarm arrangement any accumulation of water, oil, diesel in the bilge
will be indicated then and there by the alarm and immediate remedy is possible. The
function is that when the level of bilge water raises the float will also be raised and
the contacts were made open so that the circuit will be active by the way of growing
abnormal light and the sounding system. Then it can be acknowledge (or) cancelled
(stop) by pressing the reset switch. After attending the problem immediately the
circuit can be set by pressing the test switch.
Operation:
 In the normal case the float switch and the test switch are normally closed.
 When the supply of 220v is given to the circuit the CR1 is energized and the normal
lamp will glow. The alarm will be given out of the circuit.
 When bilge full field the float switch will open, now the CR1 will de-energized and
the abnormal lamp will glow and the alarm sounds.
 Press the reset button, CR2 will energized and the normal lamp keep glowing but the
alarm will stop sounding using the NC contactors.
 When the test switch is pressed the whole operation is repeated.
 The thermal flasher is connected in series with abnormal lamp when the
lamp(abnormal) glows, it will blink using the thermal flasher.
 When the bilge tank fills the alarm sound by using the reset button start the pump for
bilge out.

Connection procedure:

 All the components like breaker, control relay flasher, time switch, abnormal, normal
light are connected up as per the circuit diagram.
 The float switch also connected up with the circuit.
 All these components are wired up with the right cable as per wiring diagram.
 After proper wiring up of 220v supply is given to the control circuit and check the
function of the circuit.
 After checking remove all the components as per manner and submit to the lab
incharge.

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Result:

Thus the bilge alarm was assembled and the functions of various
components were understood.

Ex No.7 - PRESSURE TO CURRENT CONVERTOR

AIM:

To study the operation of pressure to current convertor.

PROCEDURE:

1. The connections are given as per the circuit diagram shown in the pressure tank and pressure
cell set up.
2. Pressure the tank to 20 psi and close the tank discharge valve.
3. Adjust the display to read 20 psi by turning the span adjustment knob.
4. Drain the tank to zero pressure and adjust the knob to read 0 psi.
5. Now the pressure transmitted is said to be calibrated.
6. Now increase or decrease the pressure in tank and observe the proportional output pressure
change in the pressure transmitter in digital display in psi.

OBSERVATION:

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Automation Lab – ME702

The output pressure change in the pressure cell or transmitter is directly proportional to the
pressure in the tank.

TABULATION

Sl.No Pressure Current

(psi) (mA)

RESULT:

Thus the use of pressure to current convertor is studied.

Ex No.8 - CALIBRATION OF PRESSURE SWITCH USING DEAD WEIGHT

TESTER

AIM:

To calibrate the pressure switch using dead weight tester.

PROCEDURE:

16. The dead weight tester is fixed on the table with proper leaving.
17. Pre calibration checks are performed for releasing air bubbles.
18. The pressure switch to be tested is fixed and the pressure is set. The NO, NC contacts are
checked.
19. The suitable standard dead weights are placed on the weight platform.
20. The oil chamber is pressured by rotating the screw pump in clockwise direction.
21. As the pressure equals the dead weights the weight platform is lifted high.

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22. The lifting is indicated by a red band around the position.

23. This is an indication of a pressure equal to weights placed on the platform.
24. Now open the gauge level switch which applies standard pressure to pressure switch.

OBSERVATIONS:

5. If the standard pressure applied and the set pressure are same, then the pressure switch is
accurate.
6. Contacts are operated and so the NO is closed and NC is open. This can be shown by the use of
a test lamp on a multimeter.

APPLICATIONS:

5. Pressure switches can be used to generate alarm for the set pressure value.
6. Automatic pressure cut off air bottle.

TABULATION

7.

Sl.No WEIGHT(Kg/cm2) PRESSURE(psi)

8.

RESULT:

Thus the results are calibrated using dead weight tester.

Ex No.9 - TESTING AND CALIBRATION OF RTD AND THERMOMETER

AIM:

To study the characteristics of resistance thermometer

PROCEDURE:

25. The connections are made as per the heater-water bath set-up shown in the figure.
26. The RTD terminals are connected to the multimeter.
27. The initial temperature of the bath is measured using thermometer and resistance of the RTD is
measured in multimeter.
28. The heater is switch ON.
29. The rise in temperature is noted down in °C and resistance in Ω and graph is plotted.

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30. The reading of water bath is tabulated for every 10°C rise.

OBSERVATIONS:

7. RTD being positive temperature coefficient, temperature is directly proportional to resistance

change.
8. Resistance of RTD and temperature is determined by the formula.
R t = R⁰ + (1+α∆T)
R⁰ = temperature at zero degree Celsius.
α = temperature co efficient of resistance
∆T = temperature difference
TABULATION

Sl.No Temperature Resistance

(⁰C) (ohm)

RESULT:

Thus the results of resistance thermometer is calibrated and verified.

Ex No.10 - PLC EXPERIMENT

General Procedure
1. Take one personal computer on which the PLC program is loaded. Open the
screen AC1131 to write the program on PC.

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Automation Lab – ME702

2. Now open the new file and select CPU model number in which you are going to
program (like 07CR41)

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3. After selecting the CPU model select the programming type (like LD) ladder
diagram.

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4. Now do the program using ladder logic.

5. Now go to options and choose login.

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BUZZER ON-OFF USING SWITCH

Aim
To Study about the programming of PLC using ladder diagram – A buzzer on/off using
switch

Apparatus Required

S.No. Apparatus Nos.

1. PLC, ABB 1
07CR41

2. Computer, Interfacing Cable & Connecting Wires 1

Procedure
1. Follow the general procedure.
2. Make the ladder diagram as per the program shown.
3. Download the program.
4. Simulate the output.

Ladder Diagram(Buzzer on off using switch)

Result
Thus designed and executed a ladder logic for A buzzer on/off using switch and outputs
verified.

START STOP OF A MOTOR

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Automation Lab – ME702

Aim
To design and execute a ladder diagram to start and stop a motor

Apparatus Required

S.No. Apparatus Nos.

1. PLC, ABB 1
07CR41

2 Computer, Interfacing Cable & Connecting Wires 1

Procedure
1. Follow the general procedure.
2. Make the ladder diagram as per the program shown.
3. Download the program.
4. Simulate the output.

Ladder Diagram(Start Stop of a motor)

Result
Thus designed and executed a ladder logic to start and stop a motor and outputs are
verified

MOTOR CONTROL WITH PRESET TIME DELAY

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Automation Lab – ME702

Aim
To design and execute a ladder logic to operate a motor with preset time delay

Apparatus Required

S.No. Apparatus Nos.

1. PLC, ABB 1
07CR41

2. Computer, Interfacing Cable & Connecting Wires 1

Procedure
1. Follow the general procedure.
2. Make the ladder diagram as per the program shown.
3. Download the program.
4. Simulate the output.

Ladder Diagram

Result
Thus designed and executed a “Start & Stop of the motor with preset time delay” and
outputs verified.

MOTOR OPERATION WITH LAMP AND BUZZER INDICATION

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Aim
To program the PLC to indicate the running & stop of motor with lamp and buzzer.

Apparatus Required

S.No. Apparatus Nos.

1. PLC, ABB 1
07CR41

2. Computer, Interfacing Cable & Connecting 1

Wires

Procedure
1. Follow the general procedure.
2. Make the ladder diagram as per the program shown.
3. Download the program.
4. Simulate the output.

Ladder Diagram

Result
Thus designed and executed a ladder logic to “Indicate the running & stop of motor with
lamp and buzzer” and outputs verified.

STAR DELTA STARTER

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Automation Lab – ME702

Aim
To program the PLC to design a ladder logic to start a motor using star delta starter.

Apparatus Required

S.No. Apparatus Nos.

1. PLC, ABB 1
07CR41

2. Computer, Interfacing Cable & Connecting Wires 1

Procedure
1. Follow the general procedure.
2. Make the ladder diagram as per the program shown.
3. Download the program.
4. Simulate the output.

Ladder Diagram(Star delta Starter)

Result
Thus designed and executed a ladder logic to “start a motor using star delta starter”

FORWARD-REVERSE STARTER
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Automation Lab – ME702

Aim
To design and execute a ladder logic to operate a motor in forward and reverse direction

Apparatus Required

S.No. Apparatus Nos.

1. PLC, ABB 1
07CR41

2. Computer, Interfacing Cable & Connecting Wires 1

Procedure
1. Follow the general procedure.
2. Make the ladder diagram as per the program shown.
3. Download the program.
4. Simulate the output.

Ladder Diagram

Result
Thus designed and executed a ladder logic to operate a motor in forward and reverse
direction

ALARM AND INTERLOCKING CIRCUITS

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Aim
To design and execute a ladder logic to design an alarm and interlocking circuits

Apparatus Required

S.No. Apparatus Nos.

1. PLC, ABB 1
07CR41

2 Computer, Interfacing Cable & Connecting Wires 1

Procedure
1. Follow the general procedure.
2. Make the ladder diagram as per the program shown.
3. Download the program.
4. Simulate the output.

Ladder Diagram

Result

Thus designed and executed a ladder logic for alarm and interlocking circuits.\

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Ex No.11 – LEVEL PROCESS USING PID CONTROLLER/MANUAL MODE(MULTI

PROCESS CONTROL SYSTEM)

Aim:

To study the performance of manual/PID controller on level process.

Apparatus Required:
1. VMPA – 64Unit
2. Data Acquisitions card (VAD – 104) with cable.
3. PC with process control software.
4. Patch Chords.

Hand valve setting:

HV1 - Fully Open
HV2 - Fully Close
HV3 - Fully Close
HV4 - Fully Close
HV5 - Fully Open
HV6 - Fully Open
HV7 - Partially Open
HV8 - Close

Procedure:
1. Ensure the availability of Air & Water.
2. Interface the Data Acquisition card VAD- 104 with process and PC.
3. Make the connections as per connection diagram – 5.
4. Maintain Gauge (G3) pressure at 20 Psi by using air regulator
5. Ensure the hand valve settings are correct.
6. Switch ON VMPA – 64unit and Data Acquisition card(VAD- 104) with PC.
7. Invoke “Process control” Software.
8. Select “ Level<<Control<<ON-OFF/P/PI/PD/PID”.
9. Switch ON the pump and select desired speed of pump by varying speed control
knob.
10. Enter the parameters and observe the responses of various controllers various
setpoint.
11. Switch OFF the pump.
12. Save the response and conclude the behavioure of level process.

Result:

Thus the performance of ON-OFF/P/PI/PD/PID controller on level process was

studied.

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Ex No.12 - PNEUMATIC CONTROL VALVE

AIM:

To find the valve position in % regarding to the applied air pressure in psi.

THEORY:

Control valve is used for adjusting of the input of the process control system. It is used to
control the flow of fluid via. Air, H2O, gas, steam. Two types of control valve are i) Single seat valve ii)
double seat valve. Adv of double seat is to flow capacity is up to 30% greater than single seat. Here v
used single seat therefore double seat cannot be tightly closed & can’t be used where +ve shut off is
essential.

PROCEDURE:

1. Apply air pressure of 20 psi through the pressure regulator.

2. Open the regulator and apply 3 psi to pneumatic control valve.
3. Observe the valve opening as 0 %.
4. Increase the pressure to 6 psi, 9 psi, 12 psi and 15 psi.
5. Observe the opening of valve as 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% respectively.
6. Repeat the Experiment for Equal %,ON-OFF & Linear valve.

OBSERVATION:

The pressure applied to operate the valve is linear with percentage of opening of valve.

APPLICATION:

It is used in connecting device in closed loop temperature control system.

TABULATION

Sl.No Control Air Valve Position Flow Rate

Pressure(psi) (%) (Lph)

RESULT:

Thus the percentage of the valve opening can be known by the applied pressure.

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Ex No.13 – PRESSURE PROCESS USING PID CONTROLLER(MULTI PROCESS

CONTROL SYSTEM)

Aim:

To study the characteristics and working principle of the pressure transmitter.

Apparatus required:

1. VMPA – 64 Unit.
2. Data Acquisition card (VAD – 104) with cable.
3. PC With process control software.
4. Patch Chords.

Hnad Valve Settings:

HV1 - Fully Close

HV2 - Fully Open
HV3 - Fully Open
HV4 - Partially Open
HV5 - Fully Close
HV8 - Fully Close

Pressure Range:
Input - (0-75) psi
Output - (4-20) mA

Procedure:
1. Ensure the availability of Air & Water.
2. Interface the Data Acquisition card (VAD – 104) with process and PC.
3. Make the connections as per connection diagram – 2.
4. Maintain Gauge (G3) pressure at 20 Psi by using air regulator knob.
5. Ensure the hand valve settings are correct.
6. Switch ON VMPA – 64 unit and Data Acquisition card (VAD – 104) with PC.
7. Invoke the “process control” software.
8. Select “Pressure/Control>> manual mode” and enter a controller output of 100%.
9. Note down the current readings for various pressure readings.
10. Draw the graph between Pressure Vs output current and conclude the behaviour of
the Pressure transmitter.

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Tabulation:

SL.No Gauge Pressure(Psi) G5 Pressure Transmitter Current

Output(mA)

Model Graph:

Result:

Thus the characteristics of the Pressure transmitter were studied.

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Ex No.14 - CURRENT TO PRESSURE CONVERTOR

AIM:

To study the operation of current to pressure convertor.

THEORY:

The input converter gives us a linear way of translating the 4 to 20mA current into 3-15 psi
pressure signal. The supplied direct current flows through the plunger coil located in the field of a
permanent at magnet. At the balance beam, the force of the plunga coil, which is proportional to the
current, is balance against the force of the dynamic back-pressure. The back pressure is produced on
the flapper by the air jet leaving the Nozzle. The supply air flows into the lone diaphragm chamber of
the booster, a certain amount of this air determined by the diaphragm position flows past the plug
sleeve to the output of the converter. The output signal is used to supply the Nozzle. The offset
spring ensures that the output signal is at least 50mbar even when the input signal is 0mA. When the
input current and thus the force at the plunga coil increases, the flapper close to the Nozzle. This
causes the back pressure and the cascade pressure forming upstream of the throttle to increase. The
cascade pressure increases until it is equal to the input.

When the cascade pressure increases, the diaphragm and the plug sleeve are pushed
downwards causing the supply air to increase the output pressure until a new sate of equilibrium is
reached in the diaphragm chambers. When the cascade pressure drops, the diaphragm moves
upwards and releases the plug sleeve. The output pressure can pass through the plug sleeve to the
vent(exhaust) until a new state of equilibrium is reached.

PROCEDURE:

1. The connections are given as per the circuit diagram and pressure source of 20 psi is connected.
2. Current of 4mA is applied as input and pressure of 3 psi as output is observed.
3. The coil is attracted by the magnet so the flapper moves towards the nozzle.
4. The input current is increased in steps up to 20mA and note down the output pressure.
5. The readings are tabulated.
6. The output pressure varies from 3 psi to 15 psi in steps of 1.5 psi.
7. Plot the graph by taking current along X axis and Pressure along Y axis.

OBSERVATION:

The input current 4 to 20mA and output pressure 3 to 15 psi variations are formed to be linear in its
range.

APPLICATIONS:

It is used to convert electrical signal from electronic PID controller to operate the control valve.

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Automation Lab – ME702

MODEL GRAPH:

TABULATION

Sl.No Current Pressure

(mA) (psi)

RESULT:

Thus the use of current to pressure convertor is studied and the graph is drawn.

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