INTEGRAL CALCULUS

Handout # 1 Dr. Lawrence P. Belo

FORMULAS
I. BASICS

 kdx = kx + C; k = constant  cf ( x)dx = c  f ( x)dx

  f ( x)  g ( x) dx =  f ( x)dx   g ( x)dx
II. GENERAL POWER FORMULA note: C = constant of integration
n +1
u
 u du = n + 1 + C;
n
u = f ( x ) , n  −1
III. LOGARITHMIC
du
 u = ln u + C; n = −1
IV. EXPONENTIAL note: a = constant , e = constant (Natural Number)
au
 e du = e +C  a du = ln a + C
u u u

V. TRIGONOMETRIC
• Six Basic Trigonometric Formulas:

 sin udu = − cos u + C  csc udu = − cot u + C

2

 cos udu = sin u + C  sec u tan udu = sec u + C

 sec udu = tan u + C  csc u cot udu = − csc u + C
2

• More Trigonometric Formulas:

 tan udu = − ln cos u + C

= ln sec u + C  sec udu = ln sec u + tan u + C
 cot udu = ln sin u + C  csc udu = ln csc u − cot u + C
VI. INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC
du u
 a2 − u2 = Arc sin  +C
a du 1 u
du 1 u u 2
+a 2
= Arc tan   + C
a a
 u u 2 − a 2 = a Arc sec  a  + C
VII. HYPERBOLIC

 sinh udu = cosh u + C  cosh udu = sinh u + C

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 INTEGRAL CALCULUS
Handout # 1 Dr. Lawrence P. Belo
POWER / LOGARITHMIC / 2csc x cot xdx cosh ( sin 2 x )
EXPONENTIAL
7. 1 + 3csc x
5. 
sec 2 x
dx

 ( 2 x + 4)xdx
2
1. sin Arc tan xdx cosh 2 ln x sinh ln xdx
8. 
3 (1 + x 2 )
6. 
 (1 − t ) ( 2 + t ) dt x
2
2.
cos 2  d sinh ( ln tan x )
7. 
 (2 + ) 9. 
2 dx
3. x dx
1 − sin  sin x cos x

4. (
5 x 2 dx 10.  tan xdx INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC
5 − 2 x3 ) 11.  sec xdx 1.
dx
 4+ x
 5x
2
2
x − 1dx
3

 sec x tan
5. 12. 1 1
xdx
2 2
dx
6. 
e2cos 2 x
dx 13.  tan xdx
2 2.  2 − x2
csc 2 x
(10 )
sin 2 x cos 2 x dx
7. e
2x e2 x
+ 1 dx 14. 
1 + 3cos 4 x
dx 3. x 4 − ln 2 x
e x dx dy
8.  15.  y dx
x e sin 2 e− y
4.  2x 4 x2 − 9
( ln x )
3 16.  (3sin 2 x + 2cos3x ) dx cot 4 x
9.  dx 5.  dx
x 17.  cos x sin (sin x ) dx
1
4
1
4
sin 2 4 x − 9
dx x+3
10.  sec 2 ( cos 3 x ) dx
x ln x 18. 
6.  16 − x2 dx
csc 3 x
x+2
11.  x2 + 4 x
dx x
2 tan − cos 2
x 7.
dx
 x2 − 4 x + 10
19.  3 3 dx
2 x dx
sinh x

 2 x2 + 2 x + 5
12. cosh xdx 4 cos 8.
3

 ( sec )
2
2 x − 1 dx sec x tan xdx
TRIGONOMETRIC 20. 9.  9 + 4sec2 x
x
2 3
1. sin 2 x dx
x +1
cos ln x HYPERBOLIC 10.  x2 − 4 x + 8 dx
2.  2 x dx sinh ln ln x
1.  x ln x
dx
 3e sec 2e dx
2x 2x
3.
esin x cosh esin x
2.  dx
4.  sin x cos xdx 3sec x

5.
4dx
 sin
3.  sinh x cosh xdx
2
x Have Fun Solving!!!
sinh xdx
4cos xdx 4. 
6.  4 x
sin 2 x

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 INTEGRAL CALCULUS
Handout # 1 Dr. Lawrence P. Belo
VIII. THE SUBSTITUTION RULE

 f ( g ( x) ) g '( x)dx =  f (u)du ; u = g ( x)

Examples:
1.  2 x + 1dx 2. x 1 + x 2 dx 3.  1 + x 2 x 5 dx

IX. THE CONSTANT OF INTEGRATION

 f '( x)dx = f ( x) + C
 ( 3x )
− 4 x + 6 dx ; y = 10 if x = 1. Solve for the constant of integration.
2
1. Given

2. Solve for the equation of the curve if y '' = 4 x3 − 2 x , given that its slope is twice its
abscissa at the point (1,2).
3. At any point (x,y) on the curve Dx2 y = 1 − x 2 , and an equation of the tangent line to the
curve at the point (1,1) is y = 2 − x . Find an equation for the curve.
4. Given that y ''' = 2 x at any point and critical point occurs at (1,-2) and point of inflection
occurs when x = 0.
x−2
5. Find the equation of the curve where the slope at any point is and passes thru the
3− y
point (-1,1).
2
6. A curve for its second derivative the expression D x y = 1 − x . If this curve has a
tangent line at (1, 0) which is parallel to 2 x − y + 1 = 0 , write the complete equation of
the curve.

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 X. THE DEFINITE INTEGRAL
b
 f '( x)dx = f ( x) a = f (b) − f (a)
b
a
Theorem:
If f (x) is defined and continuous on [a, b], except maybe at a finite number of points,
then we have
c
 f '( x)dx = 0
i.
c
b c b
ii.  f '( x)dx =  f '( x)dx +  f '( x)dx
a a c
b a
iii. a f '( x ) dx = − b f '( x)dx
for any arbitrary numbers a and b, and any c ∈[a, b].

The property (ii) can be easily illustrated by the following picture:

b
a
f '( x)dx
is actually the area bounded by
the curve from from a to b

a c b

Other Properties of the Definite Integral:

b b
•  k  f ( x)dx = k  f ( x)dx
a a

  f '( x)  g '( x) dx =  f '( x)dx  

b b b
• g '( x)dx
a a a

EXERCISES:
2
 xdx dx 5 x

e

1. 8. dx
1
5. x + 10
x 1 + ln 2 x 
0
3 1
2.  x − 2dx
2

sin 2 d
 ( 2 x − 1) + 2 x  dx 
1 3
3. 6.
6
2
0 cos 2 2
 ax
a − 
x

4. 0  e − e  dx
1 dx

a
7. 1
  2 4 x2 −1

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 XI. ODD AND EVEN FUNCTIONS
 f (− x) = − f ( x) then f ( x) is odd
In y = f ( x) , if x → − x and 
 f (− x) = f ( x) then f ( x) is even
a
•  −a
f '( x)dx = 0 if odd
a a
 −a
f '( x)dx = 2 f '( x)dx
0
if even
0
= 2 f '( x) dx
•
−a

EXERCISES:

1
 x dx
2
1.
−1
1
2.  x dx 3
−1
5
3.  x − 3 dx
−2
1
4.  x − xdx
−1

5.  ( 6 − x − 2 ) dx
8

6.  ( x − 2 − 3) dx
7

−1

7.  ( 3 + x + 4 ) dx
0

−5

8.  ( x + 3 − 5 )dx
5

9.  ( x + 1 − 5 ) dx
4

−3
0
10.  1 − x dx 2
−2
2
11.  x − x dx
0

12.  ( 2sin x + 3cos x + 1) dx
0

13.  cos xdx
0

14.  cos x dx
0

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