BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

PROCESS
From Start To Finish…
SUBMITTED BY : SUBMITTED TO :
ANJALI SETHIYA PROF. ROHINI MA’AM
B.DES. 2ND YEAR
 TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION PROCESS
PRE-CONSTRUCTION STEPS DURING BUILDING CONSTRUCTION STEPS

• TO ACQUIRE LAND OR PLOT. • SITE PREPARATION OR LEVELLING WORK.

• EXCAVATION AND PPC.
• TO SEEK TECHNICAL HELP. • FOUNDATION.
• PLINTH BEAM OR SLAB.
• PREPARE ESTIMATION AND BUDGETS. • SUPERSTRUCTURE – COLUMN
• BRICK MASONRY WORK.

• PERMISSION FROM AUTHORITIES. • THE LINTEL OVER DOOR WINDOW GAPS.

• FLOOR SLAB OR ROOF STRUCTURE.
• DOOR WINDOW FRAMING AND FIXATIONS.
• APPROACH A BUILDER.
• ELECTRICAL AND PLUMBING.
• EXTERIOR FINISHING.
• SUPERSTRUCTURE – COLUMN. • TERRACE AND ROOF FINISHING.
• INTERNAL FINISHES.
• WOODWORK AND FIXTURE FITTINGS.
 PRE-CONSTRUCTION STEPS (PHASE – I)

 TO ACQUIRE LAND OR PLOT

• IT IS THE MOST IMPORTANT STEP IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION. SEARCH FOR THE LOCATION FOR THE
BUILDING WHICH IS BEST SUITED FOR BUILDING CONSTRUCTION PURPOSES. BE CAREFUL WHILE
SELECTING LAND WHICH HAS ALL THE DESIRED FACILITIES AVAILABLE NEARBY AND SHOULD BE FREE
FROM ALL LAND-RELATED ISSUES.
• IT IS SUGGESTED THAT DO PRIOR DATA COLLECTION BEFORE BUYING LAND OR PLOT EITHER BY DOING
RESEARCH ONLINE OR SEEK HELP FROM REAL ESTATE AGENTS OR CONCERNED PERSONS REGARDING THE
EFFECTIVE COST OF THE SAME.

TO SEEK TECHNICAL HELP

• AFTER SELECTING PROPER LAND FOR BUILDING, TAKE THE HELP OF A PROFESSIONAL ARCHITECT TO
CREATE BUILDING DESIGNS AND TAKE HIS/HER ADVICE. AN ARCHITECT PREPARE PLAN AS PER BUILDING
REQUIREMENT, NUMBER OF FLATS, SHOPS BASED ON YOUR REQUIREMENTS AND BUDGET.
• THEN AFTER ARCHITECT CONSULT WITH A STRUCTURAL ENGINEER FOR DETAILS OF THE
REINFORCEMENTS TO BE USED, HOW DEEP YOUR FOUNDATION WILL BE, THE SIZE OF GRAVEL TO BE
USED, PILLAR WIDTH, ETC.
 PREPARING ESTIMATE AND BUDGET
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION INVOLVES A HUGE AMOUNT OF MATERIAL AND BUDGET. AFTER, PLANNING AND
STRUCTURAL DETAILING COMPLETED THESE DETAILS ARE TRANSFERRED TO THE BUILDING ESTIMATOR. THE
BUILDING ESTIMATOR WILL ESTIMATE THE MATERIAL QUANTITY, QUANTITY OF DIFFERENT ITEMS OF WORK,
AND PREPARE AN ABSTRACT SHEET THAT SHOWS THE COST OF BUILDING CONSTRUCTION.

 PERMISSION FROM AUTHORITIES

FOLLOWING ARE THE LIST OF DOCUMENT PROJECT REQUIRED BEFORE APPLYING FOR PERMISSION. THIS
DOCUMENT MAY DIFFER FROM STATE TO STATE, BUT SOME ARE ESSENTIAL FOR EVERY BUILDING
CONSTRUCTION WORK.
A) LAND SURVEY: SURVEY OF THE LAND HAS TO BE CARRIED OUT WITH THE HELP OF AUTHORIZED LAND
SURVEYOR
B) SOIL TEST REPORT OF THE LAND.
C) LAND DOCUMENTS.
D) ARCHITECTURE/ ELEVATION/ SECTIONAL DRAWINGS.
E) STRUCTURAL REPORT.
F) ARCHITECT CERTIFICATE OF UNDERTAKING ON RECORD AND CERTIFICATE OF THE UNDERTAKING OF CIVIL
ENGINEER ON RECORD
 APPROACH A BUILDER
A BUILDER OR CONTRACTOR FOR CONSTRUCTION MUST BE CHOSEN CAREFULLY BECAUSE IT IS A MAJOR
FACTOR FOR SECURING BUILDING CONSTRUCTION QUALITY AND TIMELY CONSTRUCTION OF WORK. PRE
INVESTIGATION MUST BE DONE ABOUT THE BUILDER BEFORE HANDING IN WORK. IN THE CONTRACT
DOCUMENT, ALL THE WORK-RELATED DETAILS MUST BE CLEARLY STATED.
THE CONTRACT DOCUMENT SHOULD COVER LAYOUT AND WORK DETAILS ALONG WITH THE PAYMENT
METHODS, TIME SCALES, AND COSTS. THE CONDITION OF THE CONTRACT SHOULD BE THOROUGHLY CHECKED
BEFORE SIGNING A FINAL DEAL.
 Building Construction Step (Phase – II)
 SITE PREPARATION OR
LEVELING
• THE CONSTRUCTION SITE MUST BE CLEANED
BEFORE THE WORK IS EXECUTED. THIS WORK
INVOLVES THE REMOVAL OF ROOTS OF TREES,
DEBRIS, AND LEVELING GROUND AREA.
 EXCAVATION AND
PCC

• THE FOUNDATION OF THE BUILDING

GROUND IS EXCAVATED WITH THE HELP OF
EXCAVATING MACHINES AS PER THE
BUILDING DIMENSION SPECIFIED IN
DRAWINGS. IN THIS FOUNDATION TRENCH,
A LAYER OF PCC (PLAIN CEMENT
CONCRETE) IS LAID IN THE DUG PORTION
BEFORE PLACING THE REINFORCEMENTS
FOR THE FOUNDATION.
  FOUNDATION

• THE BUILDING IS SUPPORTED ON

THE FOUNDATION IS THE
LOWERMOST PART OF THE
BUILDING THAT IS IN CONTACT
WITH THE SOIL. A BUILDING IS
LOAD TRANSFERRED FROM THE
SUPERSTRUCTURE TO THE SOIL
AND NEEDS TO BE EXTREMELY
STRONG TO HANDLE THE LOAD.
AFTER THE PCC WORK
FOUNDATION REINFORCEMENT
WORK IS STARTED. THE
FOUNDATION BOTTOM LEVEL
MUST CHECK BEFORE CONCRETING
IT. THE REMAINING SPACE
BETWEEN THE FOUNDATION IS
FILLED WITH EARTH.
  PLINTH BEAM AND SLAB

• AFTER THE FOUNDATION WORK IS

DONE GROUND
BEAM FORMWORK PREPARATION
IS STARTED AND POURED WITH
CONCRETE. OVER THE PLINTH
BEAM, MASONRY WORK IS
STARTED. AND SPACE BETWEEN
FOUNDATION AND PLINTH BEAM
FILLED WITH SOIL.
 SUPERSTRUCTURE – COLUMN

• THE SUPERSTRUCTURE IS THE PORTION

ABOVE THE PLINTH LEVEL OF THE
BUILDING. THE MAIN COMPONENT OF
THE SUPERSTRUCTURE IS A COLUMN
AND BEAM. THE COLUMNS ARE BUILT
UP TO SLAB LEVEL AND THE FRAME FOR
FURTHER CONSTRUCTION IS PREPARED.
  BRICK MASONRY WORK

• AS COLUMN AND BEAM FRAMEWORK

COMPLETED MASONRY WORK IS
STARTED WITH DIFFERENT MATERIALS
SUCH AS BRICKS, CONCRETE BLOCKS,
FLY ASH BRICKS, ETC. ACCORDING TO
BUILDING DRAWING. MASONRY
WORK IS DONE USING A CEMENT
MORTAR MIX. IT IS A MIXTURE OF
CEMENT & SAND. DURING THIS
CAREFULLY AND AS PER DRAWING
GAPS ARE LAID FOR DOORS AND
WINDOWS DURING THE MASONRY
WORK.
 THE LINTEL OVER DOOR WINDOW GAPS

• THE LINTEL IS CONSTRUCTED ON

THE DOOR AND WINDOW TO
SUPPORT THE MASONRY WORK
OVER IT. AFTER THIS FURTHER
MASONRY WORK IS DONE.
 FLOOR SLAB OR ROOF
STRUCTURE

THEN THE FORMWORK IS STARTED TO

CONSTRUCT SLAB RESTING ON THE COLUMN
AND BEAM. OVER SLAB FORMWORK, SLAB
REINFORCEMENT IS PLACED AS PER SLAB
DETAILED DRAWING.
 DOOR WINDOW FRAMING AND
FIXATIONS

• AFTER THAT DOOR WINDOW

FRAMES ARE FIXED AT THEIR
SPECIFIED POSITION GIVEN IN
DRAWING.
 ELECTRICAL AND
PLUMBING

• AS WE KNOW THAT BUILDINGS ARE

CONSTRUCTED WITH A CLEAN FINISH
IN WHICH ELECTRICAL AND
PLUMBING WORK IS NOT VISIBLE.
THEY ARE INSTALLED IN THE WALLS
AND SLABS SUCH THAT THEY ARE
CONCEALED AND NOT VISIBLE AFTER
THE FINISHING WORK IS DONE. THE
POINT AND PIPE END LEFT OUT SUCH
THAT LATER THEY CAN BE FINISHED
WITH THE ELECTRIC FITTING
AND PLUMBING FIXTURES.
 EXTERIOR FINISHING

• ONCE THIS WORK IS COMPLETED,

EXTERNAL PLASTERING AND
FINISHING WORK IS STARTED.
WATERPROOFING IS ALSO DONE TO
PREVENT RISING DAMPNESS IN THE
WALL. EXTERNAL CLADDING CAN
ALSO BE DONE TO ENHANCE THE
ELEVATION OF THE HOUSE.
 TERRACE AND
ROOF FINISHING

• ON TOP OF THE SLAB,

WATERPROOFING IS DONE
TO PREVENT ANY LEAKAGE
IN THE SLAB. GENERALLY,
TERRAZZO TILING IS DONE TO
PREVENT THE SLAB FROM A
WEATHERING EFFECT.
 INTERNAL FINISHING

• INTERNAL WALLS ARE PLASTER WITH

SMOOTH FINISH AND FLOORING IS
DONE WITH TILES. LATER ON, THE
WALLS ARE PAINTED OR TEXTURED.
  WOODWORK AND
FIXTURE FITTINGS

• BY FOLLOWING THE ABOVE STEP,

ALMOST CONSTRUCTION WORK IS
COMPLETED AND THEN AFTER
FURNITURE WORK IS STARTED. SIDE
BY SIDE, ELECTRICAL FITTING,
SWITCHBOARD, AND PLUMBING
FITTINGS ARE COMPLETE IN THE
BATHROOMS AND KITCHEN AREAS
TOO.
•
 POST-CONSTRUCTION IS THE WORK DONE AFTER THE PROJECT IS BUILT.
TYPICALLY, THIS IS THE ADMINISTRATIVE PORTION OF THE CONTRACT IN WHICH
YOU MAKE SURE THAT YOU HAVE ALL THE CORRECT QUALITY CONTROL/
QUALITY ASSURANCE PAPERWORK IN PLACE TO PROVE THAT THE PROJECT WAS
BUILT TO SPECIFICATIONS.