ST.

SEBASTIAN INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL GRADE 11- HUMSS/GAS

Negros occidental, inc. SCHOOL YEAR A.Y. 2022-2023

Tindalo Avenue, Capitol Shopping, Bacolod City TERM 2nd Semester

Tel. Nos. (034) 461-7021 / (034) 703-3980 Trends, Networks And Critical
SUBJECT
GMAIL: [email protected] / FACEBOOK: ssisbacolod Thinking In The 21st Century

YOUTUBE: ssisbacolod COURSE NOTE NO. 8&9

TOPIC The Climate Change

LEARNING SYLLABUS
Teacher Mirriam D. Mag-aso, LPT
SENIOR HIGH DEPARTMENT

I. Your Targets to Hit

● Identify the list of activities that exemplify care for the environment.

● Explain how important that we show care for the environment

● Discuss the effects of consumption and production patterns that contribute to the problem
of climate change.

II. Your Tools, Tips, and Tours

Direction: List activities that exemplify the ways on how we take good care for the environment.

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III. Your Topics to Learn!

Paskill (2018) suggested eight (8) simple ways to help care our environment. In every little thing you
make a difference.

1. Use Reusable Luggage - If you're attending to mall for searching like grocery, food, and garments
you would like to apply the plastic luggage. Mistreatment reusable luggage helps the atmosphere.
Plastic grocery-type luggage that get thrown out find yourself in landfills and it takes years to
decompose.

2. Print as very little as Necessary - Using such a lot paper is damaging to the atmosphere. If
possible, recycle the utilization writing paper for printing. If not, print on either side of the page to
scale back the number of paper used.

3. Recycle - Instead of throwing recyclables within the trash along with your non-recyclables, recycle
the materials of fine use. create a degree to require an additional step to separate reclaimable
materials like cans, bottles, plastic and papers.

4. Use a Reusable Nutrient Containers - In most school, fruit juices is served mistreatment plastic
cups, rather than shopping for this cup of drinks on an individual basis, deliberate to use a reusable
bottle. Not solely can this facilitate the atmosphere it saves your money for several of the campuses
that provide water fountains designed for drinking still as for replacement reusable water bottles.

5. Don’t Throw Your Notes Away - Keeping your notes can facilitate the scholars by having the
ability to scan what they're learning within the words of another student. If you can’t notice anyone
to convey the notes to, at the terribly least, recycle the paper you used.

6. Save Electricity! - Use energy-efficient light-weight bulbs rather than regular bulbs. They last
longer, which can save your money. Make you turn off lights, the TV, and other appliances when you
are not using them.

7. Save Water - is wasted a lot frequently than we can see. Shut down the faucet as you're brushing
your teeth. Don’t turn your shower on till you’re able to get in and wash your hair. Limit your water
usage as you wash dishes.

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8. Avoid Taking Cars or Carpool as possible - Cars square measure harmful to the atmosphere.
Taking public transportation, walking, or riding a motorcycle are better options that help the
environment and your budget, as well as getting some exercise

Consumption and Production Patterns Affecting Climate Change

According to the new study, greenhouse gases began warming the world’s oceans in the early
1800s, decades earlier than previously thought. Aside from the burning of fossil fuels, other causes of
climate change can be traced from the production patterns and the consumption patterns of humans.

Production patterns refer to how people generate and manufacture the products they need to use,
sell, or consume. Paper comes from a tree pulp or grass fiber; rubber shoes come from the sap of the
rubber tree; machineries are produced from mine minerals; bread is made from wheat, cassava, or
rice flour; and textile is woven from plants such as cotton, abaca, and ramie and from animals such as
silk, wool, and cashmere.

Food system activities, including producing food, transporting it, and storing wasted food in
landfills, produce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions that contribute to climate change. Of these
sources, livestock production is the largest, accounting for an estimated 14.5 percent of global GHG
emissions from human activities. Meat from ruminant animals, such as cattle and goats, are
particularly emissions intensive.

How long does it take to melt iron bars and how much is required to turn it into a car engine?
How many trees should be felled to become timber used in construction? Almost everything comes
from natural resources which are depleted every time they are used. Thus, there is a need to regulate
the extraction and to replenish what was used. Are the goods produced with minimal use of energy?
What kind of energy was used for production? How many barrels of petroleum per day are utilized
to manufacture one car? Have you resorted to alternative sources of energy and related facilities like
wind turbines?

If the production pattern is characterized by heavy

dependence on coal, the problem of climate change will
be even more aggravating. For instance, China has large
coal mines and relies on them for its energy requirements.
This makes China one of the most polluted countries on
Earth due to its high carbon dioxide emissions. China is
currently the most polluting country in the world, with a
28 percent share of global CO2 emissions in 2018.
Dependence on petroleum in the manufacture and
production of goods makes U.S. produce 15 percent

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greenhouse gas emissions in 2018, while India produce 7 percent and Russian Federation produce 5
percent of carbon emissions.

Undeniably, these countries contribute much to the depletion of the ozone layer and, consequently,
the worsening of global warming and climate change.

Consumption patterns involve the use of economic or consumer goods and resources. Consumption
patterns can be categorized as individual, family, company, and government consumption. These
categories have similarities in the items consumed such as food, clothing, footwear, education, house
and furnishings, lighting, fuel, transportation, communication, recreation, entertainment, health care
and medicine, tobacco and narcotics, as well as insurance.

Consumption patterns are considered as the key driver for the use of resources. Ecosystems
and landscapes are influenced by consumption patterns. Ecosystem resiliency, the ability of the
ecosystem to regenerate, sustain, and adjust what is lost, destroyed, or added into the environment,
are affected by the way the lad is utilized. Overexploitation and depletion of land resources can
diminish the resiliency of the ecosystem.

The quality of the landscape or the natural scenery of the land reflects how the demand for resources
is being addressed. Is forest depletion due to the excessive felling of trees? Are the mountains leveled
for quarrying or for giving way to subdivisions? Are the rivers poisoned and wildlife displaced due
to gold extraction?

Spatial planning (the methods or approaches used in the distribution of, among, others,
people, and activities in spaces of various scales) are the central to the management of landscape and
ecosystem resiliency. Zoning or dividing the town or city into sections for various purposes (such as
commercial, residential, educational, government, recreational, and botanical and zoological) is
salient to spatial planning. This can be initiated by the government in cooperation with private firms.
Thus, spatial planning plays a significant role in enhancing climate change adaptation, especially
within urban areas by improving their resilience.

A consumerist attitude contributes to the depletion and exhaustion of natural resources, which
thus creates a chain—the more consumption, the more demand; the more demand, the more
production; the more production, the more extraction of natural resources; The more extraction of
natural resources without replenishment, the faster the degradation and exhaustion of the resources.
Running parallel is a chain of consumption—the more consumption, the more demand; the more
consumer demand, the more production; the more production, the more use of coal or petroleum

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being the most abundant and cheapest; the more use of coal or petroleum, the more GHG emission;
the more GHG emission, the worse the global warming will be.

Another major cause of climate change which can be associated with production and
consumption patterns is carbon footprint, “a measure of the total amount of carbon dioxide and
methane emissions of a defined population, system, or activity within the spatial and temporary
boundary of the population, system or activity of interest” (Wright, Kemp, and Williams, 2011).
Greenhouse gases are usually expressed in terms of the amount of carbon dioxide discharged. The
concept of carbon footprint originated from the ecological footprint discussions in the 1900s. It is one
of the three footprint indicators, the two others being land footprint and water footprint.

Most carbon footprint for the average households come from indirect sources such as
purchasing a product that has gone through several processes from extraction of raw materials, to its
manufacture, transportation, and shortage in stores. All these processes have contributed to GHG
emissions. The farther a product has gone through before reaching the final consumer, the larger
carbon footprint it will emit.

Emissions from burning fuel in a stove or a car are referred to as direct sources of carbon
footprint. The main factors that affect and aggravate carbon footprint include economic output,
energy, population, and the economy’s carbon concentration. These same factors constitute the main
targets for reducing the footprint.

What are the 10 Causes of Global Warming?

1. Power Plants - Forty percent of U.S. carbon dioxide emissions stem from electricity production.
Ninetythree percent of the electric industry emissions result from burning coal. According to the EPA
coal-fired power plants, municipal and medical waste incineration account for two-thirds of U.S.
mercury emissions.

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2. Transportation - Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) reports state that thirty-three percent of
U.S. emissions come from the transportation of people and goods.

3. Farming - Industrial farming and ranching releases huge levels of methane and carbon dioxide into
the atmosphere. Farming contributes forty percent of the methane and twenty percent of the carbon
dioxide to worldwide emissions.

4. Deforestation - Deforestation to use wood for building materials, paper and fuel increases global
warming in two ways—the release of carbon dioxide during the deforestation process and the
reduction in the amount of carbon dioxide that forests can capture.

5. Fertilizers The use of nitrogen-rich fertilizers increases the amount of heat cropland can store.
Nitrogen oxides can trap up to 300 times more heat than carbon dioxide. Sixty-two percent of nitrous
oxide released comes from agricultural byproducts.

6. Oil Drilling Burn-off from the oil drilling industry impacts the carbon dioxide released into the
atmosphere. Fossil fuel retrieval, processing, and distribution account for roughly 8% of carbon
dioxide and 30% of methane pollution.

7. Natural Gas Drilling Touted as a cleaner fuel source, natural gas drilling causes massive air
pollution in states like Wyoming; the hydraulic fracturing technique used to extract natural gas from
shale deposits pollutes ground water sources as well.

8. Permafrost The melting of permafrost releases tons of trapped greenhouse gases, which further
speeds up the melting of more permafrost. Scientists calculate that approximately five hundred
gigatons of carbon is trapped in the Siberian permafrost alone. A single gigaton equals one billion
tons.

9. Garbage - As trash breaks down in landfills, it releases methane and nitrous oxide gases.
Approximately eighteen percent of methane gas in the atmosphere comes from waste disposal and
treatment.

10. Volcanic Eruption - Volcanoes expel large quantities of carbon dioxide when they erupt.
Volcanoes have an overall small effect on global warming and an eruption causes a short-term global
cooling as ash in the air reflects greater amounts of solar energy.

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 The diagram indicating primary causes and wide-ranging effects, including feedback, of global
warming and climate change.

What is the Difference Between Human & Natural Air Pollution?

The major difference between natural and man-made air pollution is that continuous or temporary
natural events cause natural air pollution, but human activities are responsible for man-made
pollution. We cannot prevent natural air pollution from sources like volcanoes, but we can reduce
man-made pollutants and their consequences: respiratory diseases, acid rain and global warming.

In the Air Air

pollutants are gases and particles that harm people or other life, damage materials or reduce
visibility. Some air pollution comes from volcanic eruptions, forest fires and hot springs, but most is
the result of human activities. Power plants, factories, cars, and trucks emit carbon dioxide, carbon
monoxide, hydrocarbons, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and particulate matter that consist of fine
particles suspended in the air. Burning oil, coal, gasoline, and other fossil fuels are major causes of
man-made air pollution. Other man-made sources of air pollution include:
● waste disposal
● dry cleaning
● paints
● chemical manufacture
● wood stoves
● flour mills
Natural Sources of Air Pollution
Natural air pollutants include radon, fog and mist, ozone, ash, soot, salt spray, and volcanic and
combustion gases. Radon is a radioactive gas that seeps from the ground in some areas, and fog and
mist are both dense water vapor at ground level that obscures vision. Ozone, a chemical formed
naturally by the action of sunlight on oxygen, is a pollutant at ground level but beneficial in the

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upper atmosphere. A molecule made of three oxygen atoms, ozone shields the Earth from harmful
ultraviolet rays from the sun, but it damages plants and causes breathing problems in the lower
atmosphere. Volcanic eruptions and grass fires launch soot and ash into the atmosphere, which
reduces sunlight and lowers temperatures. Eruptions and fires also produce carbon dioxide, carbon
monoxide and other polluting gases
Air Pollution Effects
Natural and man-made air pollution harm humans, other life, and the environment. Particulate
matter from burning wood and fossil fuels lodges in the lungs, causing respiratory problems, and
settles in a fine film over buildings, trees, and crops. Carbon monoxide interferes with the blood's
ability to transport oxygen and causes headaches, heart damage and death. Sulfur dioxide, which is a
product of burning coal, irritates eyes, damages lungs, and makes rain acidic. Acid rain damages
buildings and forests and kills aquatic life. Another contributor to acid rain is nitrogen dioxide
emitted by vehicles, industrial boilers, and other industrial processes. Lead from leaded gasoline,
power plants and metal refineries contaminate crops and livestock and causes brain and kidney
damage.

EFFECTS OF CONSUMPTION AND PRODUCTION PATTERNS

Climate change refers to the increase in average surface temperatures on Earth. An amazing
scientific accord highlighted that global climate change is due primarily to the human use of fossil
fuels, that releases dioxide and alternative greenhouse gases into the air. The gases trap heat inside
the atmosphere, which may have a variety of effects on ecosystems. the results square measure the
following; (a) rising ocean levels, (b) severe weather events, and (d) droughts that render landscapes
additional vulnerable to wildfires.

The food consumption and production have a major impact on the surroundings. The means
we have a tendency to consume has each direct and indirect impacts on the surroundings. An

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example of this consumption is that the use of energy in our homes like television radio, computer,
cars and public utility jeepney that emit harmful gasses and caused pollution and increased
emissions of greenhouse gases that results in global climate change.

Consumption conjointly vie an indirect impact towards our surroundings from the assembly,
process and transportation of the products that we have a tendency to consume daily. Examples of
this production of goods we consume are the can goods, soft drinks, processed foods, shampoo and
many more.

In association, with consumption and production pattern within the Philippines, the state of
surroundings in our country along with the emissions of greenhouse gasses, indicators on pollution
and also the generation of material discovered that each one indicators show environmental
degradations all told the domains being assessed (Sta. Romana, 2017).

IV. Your Terminal Key Points

1. Power Plants - Forty percent of U.S. carbon dioxide emissions stem from electricity production.
Ninetythree percent of the electric industry emissions result from burning coal. According to the EPA
coal-fired power plants, municipal and medical waste incineration account for two-thirds of U.S.
mercury emissions.

2. Transportation - Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) reports state that thirty-three percent of
U.S. emissions come from the transportation of people and goods.

3. Farming - Industrial farming and ranching releases huge levels of methane and carbon dioxide into
the atmosphere. Farming contributes forty percent of the methane and twenty percent of the carbon
dioxide to worldwide emissions.

4. Deforestation - Deforestation to use wood for building materials, paper and fuel increases global
warming in two ways—the release of carbon dioxide during the deforestation process and the
reduction in the amount of carbon dioxide that forests can capture.

5. Fertilizers The use of nitrogen-rich fertilizers increases the amount of heat cropland can store.
Nitrogen oxides can trap up to 300 times more heat than carbon dioxide. Sixty-two percent of nitrous
oxide released comes from agricultural byproducts.

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