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Three Component System Lab

This document discusses the construction of a phase diagram for a three-component system using camphor, alcohol, and water. It provides background on ternary phase diagrams and their use. The purpose is to study the effect of alcohol on the solubility of camphor in water. A series of solutions with varying amounts of camphor and alcohol are prepared and water is added until turbidity occurs. The composition of each system at the point of turbidity is calculated and plotted on a ternary phase diagram to show the miscible and immiscible regions.

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Elisha Naidoo
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
132 views18 pages

Three Component System Lab

This document discusses the construction of a phase diagram for a three-component system using camphor, alcohol, and water. It provides background on ternary phase diagrams and their use. The purpose is to study the effect of alcohol on the solubility of camphor in water. A series of solutions with varying amounts of camphor and alcohol are prepared and water is added until turbidity occurs. The composition of each system at the point of turbidity is calculated and plotted on a ternary phase diagram to show the miscible and immiscible regions.

Uploaded by

Elisha Naidoo
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Phase diagram for a three-component system

Presentation · January 2021

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Amina Mudhafar Al-Nima


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Practical physical pharmacyΙ

By
Amina Mudhafar Al-Nima

Lab.(4(
Phase diagram for a three-component
system 1
Three-component system
A phase diagram shows the phases existing in equilibrium
at any given condition.

According to the Phase Rule, a maximum of four intensive


variables (intensive properties) must be specified to
completely define the state of a three-component system.
In this system, If we have only 1 phase. F= 5 - P = 5 – 1 = 4
Variables are temperature, pressure, and concentrations of
the two of the three components.
If we have 2 phases, F= 5 – 2 = 3 2
Theory
Solubility differs when there are different components
mixing together. When the third component is added
to a pair of miscible liquid, it may affect the mutual
solubility.

➢ If the third component is more soluble in one of the


liquids than in the other, then the miscibility
between that pair of liquids decreases.

➢ If the third component is soluble in both


components, then the mutual solubility will
increase.

3
Theory
At constant temperature and pressure, the
composition of a ternary system can be presented in
the form of triangular coordinates.
Alcohol 100%

Camphor Water
100% 100%
4
Rules Relating to Ternary Phase Diagrams:
• Ternary phase diagram is an equilateral triangle.
• Each corner / apex of the triangle represents 100
% of a component and the side opposite to the
corner represents 0 % of that component.
• The distance between the apex and its opposite
side is divided into 100 parts. As we move from the
side of the triangle to the opposite apex the % of
the component increases.
• The area within the triangle represents all possible
combinations of the three components.
• A ternary phase diagram has a miscible region and
immiscible region.
Ternary phase diagrams are used in formulation of elixirs, injections,
lotions, etc. 5
Construction of Phase Diagram for
a Three Component System

6
Construction of Phase Diagram for
a Three Component System

7
Construction of Phase Diagram for
a Three Component System

8
Camphor (C10H16O) is a waxy, flammable, transparent solid with a strong aroma. It

is a ketone. It is found in the wood of the camphor laurel (Cinnamomum camphora),

a large evergreen tree found in East Asia. Camphor has poor solubility in water (1 g

in 800 ml water). Camphor is practically insoluble in water but soluble in alcohol,

ether, chloroform, and other solvents. The alcoholic solution is known as spirits of camphor.

Camphor chemical structure


9
10
11
Principle of experiment:
Camphor can be dissolved in water by using a co-solvent like alcohol.
This is called co-solvency effect and alcohol is called co-solvent.
The effect of alcohol on solubility of camphor in water can be studied
by constructing a ternary phase diagram. A ternary phase diagram is a
graphical plot showing the conditions under which we get a clear
camphor solution. It has a miscible region and immiscible region.

Any combination in the miscible region produces a homogenous and


clear solution of camphor in water. Ternary phase diagrams are used in
formulation of elixirs, injections, lotions, etc.
In the present experiment a series of solutions (systems) containing
different amounts of camphor and alcohol are prepared. To these
solutions water is added from a burette until turbidity is produced.
From the quantity of water required to produce turbidity, the
composition of the system is calculated and a ternary phase diagram is
constructed. 12
Purpose of experiment:

To study the effect of alcohol on solubility of camphor in


water by constructing a ternary phase diagram.
Equipments / Materials

Equipments Materials
Burette Camphor
burette stand alcohol
boiling test tube D.W.
test tube stand
5 ml bulb pipette
13
Procedure
1. Prepare a series of systems containing different
amounts of alcohol and camphor in a clean dry
boiling test tube.

2. To each system, add distilled water from a burette


until turbidity is produced. Record the amount of
water consumed.

3. Calculate the % w/w of each component in the


system when turbidity is produced.

4. Plot a ternary phase diagram and mark the


miscible and immiscible regions.
14
Data Analysis:

Total
Water in g
Camphor Alcohol required to volume % w/w % w/w %
S.NO of w/w
g ml or (g) produce Camphor Alcohol
system Water
turbidity
in g
1 0.5 2.5 (2)
2 0.5 5.0 (4)
3 1 2.5 (2)
4 1.5 2.5 (2)
5 2 2.5 (2)

15
Data Analysis:

% Camphor = (weight of camphor / weight of total system) x 100

% Alcohol = (weight of alcohol/ weight of total system) x 100

% Water = (weight of water /weight of total system) x 100

16
Expected data:

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