SUNWAY COLLEGE JOHOR BAHRU

WRITTEN ASSIGNMENT

Module Code : MPU 3163

Module Title : PHILOSOPHY AND CURRENT ISSUES
Semester : JANUARY – MAY 2023
Due Date (Duration) : 5 APRIL 2023
Lecturer : MS. NUR FATINA SALWA

WEIGHTAGE:
a) 30% (WRITTEN ASSIGNMENT)
b) 20% (PRESENTATION)

Candidate details
Student Name Student ID
Ng Ming Enn 20071270
Lee Xin Wei 20075388
Yam Joey 21062567
Hau Siew Kee 22125082
Wong Jie Ying 20067799

For Marker Use Only

Total
Marker /30
WRITTEN ASSIGNMENT RUBRICS

Section Criteria Marks Score

Thesis is clear, and contained in the introduction.

The topic is introduced with minimal fanfare. It is
made clear how the paper will get to this
Introduction 10%
conclusion, not in a detailed outline of the paper,
but rather in a concise summary of the steps in
argument.

It is very easy to follow the argument. It is made

explicit which claims are being used as premises,
and how these premises are supposed to support
Weightage
Body the thesis. New premises are each introduced in 30% Score 30%
new paragraphs or sections. If there are sub-
arguments, it is made explicit which argument is the
main one, and which are the secondary ones.

The paper uses the conclusion to tie up loose ends.

For example, the paper considers objections to the
argument to which it is acknowledged there is no
space or expertise to respond. Or, the paper briefly
Conclusion 10%
considers the implications of the acceptance of the
conclusion for a larger argument, or for a larger
issue or problem. Or the paper explains what
further work may need to be done in this area.

TOTAL MARKS 50%

PRESENTATION RUBRICS

Student’s name
Category Scoring criteria Marks

Introduction is attention-
getting, lays out the problem
well, and establishes a 10
framework for the rest of the
presentation.
Presentation contains accurate
information. Information was 10
well communicated.
Content
There is an obvious conclusion
(50%) 10
summarizing the presentation.
Speaker maintains good eye
contact with the audience and
10
is appropriately animated (e.g.,
gestures, moving around, etc.).
Speaker uses a clear, audible
voice. Good language skills and 10
pronunciation are used.

Total Points 50%

WEIGHTAGE 20%
Acknowledgment
The group project consists of a lot of work and challenges, we could not have done it
without the assistance and guidance of some crucial people.

Firstly, we want to express our appreciation to our lecturer, Miss Fatin for all her
support and advice in this project. She provided us with the valuable idea of content
and example of information to be included in this project that was necessary to
complete our assignment successfully.

Furthermore, we want to extend special thanks to our college, Sunway College Johor
Bahru as it provided us with the opportunity and resources to work on this project.
This opportunity has improved our creative and intellectual development.

Last but not least, everyone who is involved in this group project deserves recognition
such as our friends and family member. They played a crucial role to provide
motivation and mental support when we faced difficulties in the project.
Table of Contents
Acknowledgment...........................................................................................................2
1. Introduction.............................................................................................................4
2. Korea.......................................................................................................................7
3. India......................................................................................................................10
4. America.................................................................................................................13
5. Way to avoid discrimination of education in a country........................................16
6. Conclusion............................................................................................................20
7. Appendix...............................................................................................................21
7.1 Korea..................................................................................................................21
7.2 India....................................................................................................................22
7.3 America..............................................................................................................23
Reference......................................................................................................................28
1. Introduction
Education is the process of acquiring knowledge and skills while also developing
logic and judgement. Education not only provides knowledge to a person but also
teaches them social norms, how to distinguish right from wrong, and how to develop
necessary skills. Many educators, philosophers, and authors have also provided
definitions of education, including John Dewey, a well-known American philosopher
in the first half of the 20th century. He asserted that education and growth go hand in
hand and education itself has no final purpose. He believes that social interactions are
the foundation of good education, and the learning environment should be regarded as
a social institution.

Education can also divide into formal and informal education. Formal education takes
place in an education center or training institution with goals and objectives and
usually under the direction of a teacher. As an illustration, Malaysia's education levels
are typical divides into kindergarten, primary school, secondary school, and college or
university.

On the other hand, informal education is conducted more flexibly and usually occurs
in daily life. For example, in the family, a mother teaches her children about the
customs and culture of the family.

Education is the foundation for the growth and development of any society and the
structure of human development as a whole is supported by it. Education always will
be the first step in closing the gap between socioeconomic classes because education
promotes equal opportunity for a better job. Everyone would have an equal
opportunity to compete for jobs if they were given the same educational possibilities.
As an illustration, in many African countries, the education system is wholly
inadequate due to a lack of proper facilities and educators. As a result, there is a high
percentage of learning poverty and unemployment rate in Africa and therefore
resulting in an inability to develop the country.

Education encourages the development of critical thinking skills. Critical thinking

enables us to think critically, logically, and independently which helps us better
understand ourselves and communicate with others as well as able to make the
decision based on information analysis and evaluation. For example, when children
grow up, they will face many challenges including paying off their student loans,
getting a job, buying a car or a house, etc. With critical thinking skills, we should be
able to make proper decisions in these various situations and we should be capable of
forming opinions and collecting reliable arguments and supporting information to
help us make judgements. 

Education is what gives rise to modern society. To build a modern society, we must
first learn about other races' cultures, histories, and other aspects in order to avoid
offending one another and promote peaceful coexistence. As an illustration, Malaysia
has various races and religions, thus education is crucial as it will help us understand
the taboos associated with other races and religions. For example, Malay people must
eat with their right hand because the left hand is considered dirty when eating. For
Chinese, the number "four" sounds like the word for death, so the number four is
avoided. For Indians, do not touch a child's head because Hindus regard them to be
sacred. Education enables individuals to discriminate between right and wrong and
allows them to develop their rational thought processes, which had contributed to
reducing the crime rate and the development of contemporary society.

Moreover, education serves as the foundation for self-confidence. Self-confidence is

the ability to believe in one's abilities. It provides opportunities and inspires people to
take chances and allows them to be creative. Education can provide us with effective
communication skills by teaching us to listen to others and communicate in a clear
and professional manner. With communication skills, we will feel more confident
when communicating with people in our life whether at the workplace or personal
life. Overall, education is the process of acquiring knowledge and information that
will lead to a successful future. As discussed above, there are a lot of positive
characteristics of having an education, such as equal opportunity, helping to create a
modern society, and boosting one's self-esteem. When we faced challenging
situations, education teaches us to look at challenges as opportunities that may be
overcome. As it is the driving force behind successful people and the development of
industrialized nations.

In today’s interconnected world, issues of inequality would never happen in a single

country or region, and many peoples still suffer from inequality even in the wealthiest
countries. Inequality is a situation in which some people are deprived of their
opportunities while others are given more opportunities. Inequality will eventually
cause humans to exploit one another, which will lead to issues such as robberies and
homicide occurs and result in a high crime rate. Inequality can happen in many
aspects including social, political, gender, and education. Educational inequalities will
result in racial discrimination. Race is a category of human species based on inherited
physical and behavioural differences. A racial gap is defined as the act of
distinguishing an individual based on their perceived race, especially in an unfair or
harmful way, and results in people being treated unfairly and harmfully because of
their perceived race. When someone is not allowed to exercise their legal rights, it is
considered discrimination which is a violation of human rights.

Discrimination can occur based on skin colour, nationality, age, gender, race, religion,
and education status. Furthermore, discrimination is frequently the result of prejudice
which leads people to perceive certain individuals as inferior. As an illustration, the
quota system in Malaysian education is a form of racial discrimination. In certain
Malaysian pre-universities programs, a race-based quota system of 90:10 is
implemented, which 90% of the places being reserved for Bumiputera and the
remaining 10% reserved for non-Bumiputera. Therefore, however, the non-
Bumiputera has an excellent result in SPM they are also unable to enter this program.
In addition, issues of inequality and discrimination not only exist in Malaysia but
everywhere else in the world. For example, inequality and discrimination have
become major issues in country such as Korea, India and America. Therefore, in order
to lower down the rate of discrimination, authorities such as government need to take
action.
2. Korea
Discrimination of Family Background

The most common educational discrimination in South Korea is family background,

which can be also understood as the financial background of the family. In one
sentence, rich children have various channels to get and realize the certificate or
resume information to interview for their job, and poor children can only obtain them
through their efforts.

After junior high school students in South Korea have completed three years of a
junior high school career, there will be two choices. That is to enter ordinary high
schools or private high schools. The difference between the two types of high schools
is that ordinary high schools are very easy to enter, and the learning atmosphere is
also very easy, while private high schools are prepared for rich people because of
their high tuition fees and tense learning atmosphere. They are all in private high
schools to enter brand-name or famous universities easily.

Why do some poor students choose to admit to private high schools rather than
ordinary high schools because most companies belong to the chaebol. As mentioned
in the previous paragraph, the opportunity to enter a brand-name university from a
private high school will be even greater, and the graduation certification obtained
after graduating from a famous university will be more effective to help them join
large companies. For example, at South Korea's famous "Seoul National University,
Korea University, and Yonsei University, 70% of the presidents of Korean companies
graduated from these three universities, and 80% of government judicial civil servants
have also graduated from these three universities.

Korean education does not only focus on grades. If a student wants to admit to a good
university, the university will observe the overall comprehensive system of the
student, such as extracurricular activities, club activities, scientific research activities,
and so on. And these data outside of the curriculum need a prerequisite: the support of
family conditions. The children of the rich can have more opportunities to learn and
enrich these activity data, while the children of ordinary people, even if they are free,
they might go to work to earn money, so the children of ordinary people are not able
to satisfy these extra activities data.
In addition, the more unfair thing is that in South Korea, the gap between rich
students and poor students is that the rich can provide children with a better learning
environment, such as extracurricular tuition classes, health products, learning
environment, and atmosphere. Besides, hiring private teachers to learn various skills
to fill their resumes and even spend a lot of money to buy a perfect set of exam
preparation guides. However, poor students can only learn the most mediocre things
and can only give mediocre resumes during the interview. Therefore, ordinary people
or poor students will not get fair competition compared with rich students.

Not only that, if an ordinary person is admitted to a university through the college
entrance examination, he would not get a fair opportunity. There is a documentary in
Korea, Betraying of Study, which records that poor students entering the university
will be isolated by others and aware of the gap with the rich. Poor students need to
take several jobs every day to maintain the high tuition of college, but even so, they
may not be able to find a good job on the day of graduation. The children of rich
people can have extra time to participate in extracurricular activities, social activities,
high-quality internship positions, and more resource support.

The total sign shows that in South Korean society, most graduate college students
want to enter the chaebol company, which is a larger company for employment. But
the reality is that when the company is selecting employees, it may not pay much
attention to their grades or abilities but focus on the family conditions and
environment of employees. On the contrary, some companies pay attention to
achievements and abilities, but they are not fair to poor students because rich students
have prepared everything with all the necessary information in their resumes, so
companies will tend to recruit rich graduates.

Racial discrimination

In terms of education, not only discrimination of family background but also

discrimination or racial gap between different races and non-Koreans. Apart from the
more open-minded places in the Seoul area, other cities generally lack the teaching of
different cultures of various countries in primary and secondary schools. Here are a
few things that happened in the past.
A university teacher from Africa also described being discriminated against when he
was a Korean foreign language teacher in South Korea. He said that when he taught
Korean students in class, the moment he asked students to answer questions or ask
students for help, he would not be respected because of his skin color and nationality,
and sometimes he was even asked by colleagues about his teacher certification
whether is obtained through a legal way.

In addition, a report invited three African students studying in South Korea to talk
about their experiences of studying in South Korea. The very unified answer was that
their black skin colour could easily cause concern and discomfort, especially
discrimination in South Korea. One of the foreign students told how a little girl stayed
away from him when he was walking on the road because she was afraid of his skin
colour. Not only that, but other students would always ask him "Are you poor?" as
this kind of thinking is their stereotype of Africans since young. Another international
student also said that when she was in a university class, she was asked by the
professor, "Is your heart black?" This made her feel very disgusted and discriminated
against.

Another example of racial discrimination due to the lack of educational knowledge

also occurred on campus. It was about some Korean students discriminating against
Muslim classmates of their religion and form of worship, even discriminating against
Muslims as terrorists. These arguments all prove that discrimination or racial gap also
exists in schools.

Although many countries and regions have formulated anti-discrimination laws and
protection policies, the South Korean government and people have not taken any
action on the attitude of non-Korean residents. Although there have been many laws
to avoid the problem of discrimination, it has not been implemented effectively
because most Koreans at that time were closed-minded. Although the government has
always emphasized the need for people to be conscious and aware of the seriousness
of discrimination, the problem of discrimination still exists in South Korea due to
closed thinking.
3. India
In India, racial discrimination in education can be divided into major two types which
are discrimination based on caste and based on class. Discrimination based on class
depends on the wealth of the family. Meanwhile, discrimination based on caste is
more serious and common in the field of education in India. Every Indian citizen is
familiar with the caste system which divided the society into Brahmins who are
priests and intellectuals, Kshatriyas who are the rulers and fighters, Vaishyas who are
the traders and businessmen, and Shudras who are the labour, domestics, or artisans.
People who are outside of these castes will be untouchables or Dalits. Despite the
untouchables being abolished by the Constitution of India, it still exists in Urban
India. Caste discrimination had a great impact on education, politic, society, and the
economy, as well as the law of India. As you can tell, the caste system in India's
education nowadays still exists, making the victim suffer. Thus, the relevant authority
should take this problem seriously to eliminate such discrimination in to be a
harmonious and peaceful country.

Based on the research, the average number of years of education especially for female
students who come from poor families is zero. In contrast, an average of 9.1 years of
education for the female student who came from rich families. (Taneja 2020)
Discrimination based on class had brought a lot of negative effects on the society of
India. For example, it had caused unequal access to facilities and schools for students
from different classes. The students from poor families were required to walk far
away to arrive at their school. Even though, the Indian government had also run a lot
of high standard schools. This had been proven from 2014 to 2015, the average
expenditure spent in government schools was 58% of the total government's
expenditure in its Kendriya Vidyalayas which is India’s central government school.
(Taneja 2020)

In terms of caste-based discrimination, the Dalit children also experienced unequal

access to their main village school and quality. For example, they have a high
percentage to study in schools with poor facilities and teachers. They also
encountered discrimination in the classroom and at their launch meal. According to
the report, the Dalit students were required to sit separately from the upper-caste
students (National Campaign on Dalit Human Rights, 2017) in the classroom and they
will receive lesser food during their lunch time  (Sabharwal et al., 2014). In this case,
this increased the burden on Dalit students.

There are many reasons why caste discrimination in education existed in India. One of
the reasons is legal and policy provision. This is because there is an insufficient legal
framework in terms of discrimination which created the opportunity for such
discrimination to happen. Consequently, the delivery model of education is non-
inclusive, which means that is not tolerant towards special students such as disabled
students and Dalit students. Thus, this has encouraged the establishment of residential
schools for marginalized communities such as the Dalit community. The inconsistent
standard for different schools has created separate educational systems in India.

Another reason could be the teachers’ capacity. Teachers are the medium of
delivering knowledge from books to the students. Thus, a good education system
requires good and experienced teachers. However, in India, there is a shortfall in
teachers' capacity including special educators while most of the teachers are
untrained. Thus, there was a lot of effort needed to be made including training for
teachers and inclusive education delivery for special students.

A real-life case is the caste discrimination that happened to Nikhit Dohre who is 15
years old that came from a poor family. On September 7, Nikhit came back from
school with blood leaking from his face and his body was covered with deep-blue
bruises. Nikhit’s family lives in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh which has the
highest caste-based hate crime rates in the country. Nikhit told his family that
Ashwini Singh, who is the upper-caste teacher, hit him with a metal rod due to his
mistake in the school test. Consequently, he was in and out of hospitals for 10 days.
His father. Raju Dohre told VICE World News that his son’s mistake is his caste but
not the mistake in his school test. This case clearly showed that caste discrimination
in India was serious and able to hurt the children physically and mentally. As a result,
this case triggered a massive protest in Auraiya, one of the most underdeveloped
districts Nikhit lived in.

On the other hand, there are a lot of negative impacts of caste discrimination in
education. One of the impacts is the children are only taught the skills that are needed
to do the job assigned to their caste. This is because the caste system had decided
every aspect of their life from birth to death and every caste had been assigned
specific jobs. This is because the principle of the caste system is one's social status
depends on their caste. Thus, they can only do the job assigned to their caste even if
they are able to do other jobs. This is contradictory to the modern concept that
education is a golden opportunity for everyone to improve their social status through
hard work.

Lastly, another effect is this discrimination in education will lead to psychological

problems, such as low confidence and depression. This will lead to further exclusion
of lower castes from the education system. By doing so, an inclusive and equal
education system will not exist until this discrimination is eliminated. In this case,
lower caste families cannot change their poverty status as they cannot get a better job
or even receive an education. This has created a vicious cycle of poverty and caste
discrimination.
4. America
America has been a multi-racial nation since independence, and it has struggled to
overcome the slavery which occurred between black and white people. Racial
discrimination existed in American society after slavery was abolished. Systemic
racism has always been a burden on America, with black Americans being the main
problem of discrimination.

Discrimination is a structural form of abuse based on racial differences, thus

preventing them from gaining wealth, political participation, and participation in
many areas of human life. Racism and discrimination are inherently rooted in the
social system and the problem has spread to many social classes of society, including
the education sector. Discrimination against black students has become widespread
across America, with experts linking it to the low enrolment of black students.
Campus conditions were poor, and college and university administrations were
accused of ignoring the needs of African-American students. Financial support for
black students has been reduced, which has further contributed to lower enrolment as
education has become a burden.

There are many cases of racial discrimination in the United States, the most famous of
which occurred on May 25, 2020. George Floyd, a black man, was pinned down on
the ground by white police who enforced the law in Minneapolis, Minnesota, with his
knee tightly around his neck. He could not breathe, but the police were unmoved.
Unfortunately, in the end, Floyd died after being sent to the hospital. Not only this
case, but formal discrimination also has existed in American history and continues to
this day. Throughout American history, race has changed over time and has been used
by white people to construct and legitimize differences in order to enjoy social,
economic, and political privileges. Unlike formal discrimination, interpersonal
discrimination is usually not an overt, deliberate behaviour of discrimination. Subtle
racism and master-servant relationships that occurred to black students are repeated
daily in classrooms and campuses are more likely to cause stress, anxiety, and
isolation for black students than overt racist actions. Compared with white students,
black students are higher rates to be suspended or expelled and are lower rated to
being placed in gifted programs. They also were not easy to get high expectations
from their teachers.
Such we know that there are a lot of cases of racial discrimination in America, shall
we ask why such racial discrimination can occur? To be sure, a lot of factors can lead
to the racial gap and discrimination, it may be because of home, neighborhood
environment, and school factors unrelated to teachers' performance. But one situation
that cannot be ignored is the fact that black students are treated differently by teachers
and school authorities. However, in many cases, such differences in treatment are not
malicious or intentional biases that unknowingly affect our thoughts and behaviours.
Also, there were cause differences between black and white students because of
differences in the qualifications of their teachers. In combination, inequalities in
teacher skill and class size have an effect on measuring achievement gaps similar to
that of student and family background. Impact of qualified teachers and smaller class
sizes on achieving the target during the exams. They found that more of the
differences between the high and low score districts was because of teacher
qualifications and class sizes that by poverty, race, and parent education.

Here, there are a few harrowing real example cases that occurred in America. A real
example case occurred at Noble and Greenough School in Dedham, Massachusetts.
The case occurred to Saama Sane, a black student who was a junior in this school.
During the school, a white student repeatedly called Sane the N-ward as he sat at the
table in the library. Five students, some of whom were laughing, watched in silence as
Sane yelled insults back and ended up on the floor in a headlock. He reported the
incident to the school. The school took disciplinary action against the white students.
After the case, Sane felt suffocated at the school, and even after graduating, the
injuries from that experience and many others seem to be still fresh. Another real
example case occurred at Woodward Academy, a private school near Atlanta. This
case occurred to Kynnedi Hines, seventeenth years old. She and a classmate planned
to organise a prom for the entire class. They were informed that they could not have
an "African American-only dance" and that they would need to receive support from
their white classmates when they met with the principal to obtain permission. She has
kept a part of herself hidden since the case. Racist encounters lead him to suffer from
anxiety and depression.

Furthermore, racial discrimination will also make a lot of consequences. To be sure,

being discriminated against is a stressor for the body. Discrimination can be harmful
to mental health. Those who are treated unfairly, differently, or badly on a regular
basis may have consequences ranging from low self-esteem to an increased risk of
stress-related diseases including anxiety and depression. Undeniably, racism has a
very negative effect on people's mental health. The New York State Office of Mental
Health states that experiencing racism can lead to negative emotions including, but
not limited to, sadness, depression or suicidal thoughts, anxiety and insecurity,
internalization of racism including negative information about people of color, and
decreased sense of self-worth. Not only that, but victims of racism will also feel
pessimistic and hopeless about the possibility of change, feel pain and post-traumatic
stress, feel anger easily, lack the strength to plan, think and cope, and have an
increased likelihood of becoming alcohol and substance abusers. Moreover, racist
encounters May lead to racial trauma. Racism's chronic pressure may be harmful to
someone's physical health. Victims of racial trauma may continually recall and re-live
traumatic experiences. Perhaps even physical signs like headaches or abdominal pain
brought on by chronic anxiety. More than that, victims are prone to memory
disturbances, difficulty sleeping or insomnia, becoming withdrawn, and risk-averse.

In conclusion, discrimination has a long history, and it is found in many parts of

American society. The problem cannot be eliminated easily and needs the efforts of
all Americans to make this country to become better and great. It requires that
appropriate laws are passed to ensure students are not discriminated against based on
their race or color. Academic administrators must ensure that new legislation fits with
protection laws so that they operate smoothly without conflict. American society is
multi-racial and multi-ethnic as well. Therefore, it is very difficult to achieve zero
levels of discrimination even in the presence of protective laws. Racial differences
will always cause different attitudes of humans to treat people. In order to reduce
discrimination, this requires more awareness of racial stereotyping and cultural
diversity at all levels of society.
5. Way to avoid discrimination of education in a country.
Nowadays, discrimination in education is ubiquitous in the world. There has a
variety of educational discrimination needed to be a concern and prevent by our
cooperation. For example, race or original origin, religious discrimination, caste-
based discrimination, and family background discrimination as stated. These
discriminations will bring negative effects on people. It will break the bond
between people and trigger misunderstanding and conflict between people. The
worst effect may be a war like World War II in the Pacific which destroy many
lives in the world.

There was a nationwide survey conducted by Sekolah Semua and Architect of

Diversity, titled 'Discrimination in Education'. The survey is to research and
investigate people on their experiences and perspective of discrimination in
education. This survey is a study of 2441 people, to help to address identity-based
discrimination in Malaysia. From the information gathered by the survey, we find
out there have 36% of people suffer verbal discrimination, 21% said they have
harassed or bullied, and there is 18% of them were rejected access opportunities
due to their identity. The result of the survey also found that Indian respondents are
the largest proportion faced discrimination in schools (87%) compared to other
racial groups. In many cases, the main abusers are the teachers or other members of
the school, not only the students. Hence, we need to avoid discrimination in
education in the following effective ways.

First of all, enforcement of anti-discrimination education laws is the most important

and effective way to prevent racial educational discrimination. The statutory law is
a benchmark that gives a clear direction and model of behaviours prohibited. This
aid in to create of a society where all are equal in dignity and rights and where no
one is left behind. The Parliament should regulate a civil law that has the objective
and effect of prohibiting all forms of discrimination to restrain discrimination.
Laws enacted should have clear definitions and purposes to provide guidance. For
instance, to ensure that the standards of education are equivalent in all public
educational institutions of the same level and that the conditions relating to the
quality of the education provided are also equivalent. The consequence of those
who break the law will be severely punished. This will give a wake-up call to
people. A simple example can be drawn from the Civil Rights Act of 1964 in the
United Status which is first proposed by President John F. Kennedy. The sections
of the Act relating to education are Title V, which prohibits discrimination by
recipients of federal funds on the basis of race, colour, and national origin.

Besides that, the leader of a country should support the enforcement of laws and let
people keep updated about the information on the enforcement of the law. It is
paramount for our elected officials to set good examples and not stand by as
discrimination is taking part against certain groups such as minorities, immigrants,
Americans of different races and ethnicities, and LGBT Americans. The leader can
give a huge impact on the civilians. For example, Donald Trump is an American
politician who served as the 45th president of the United States from 2017 to 2021.
He said that Mexican immigrants are 'rapists' who are bringing crime and drugs to
the United States when Trump first launched his campaign in 2015. The verbal
discrimination from the president of America has led his followers to be more
comfortable and radical in their perspective. Many civilians have been
discriminated against and harassed in their hometowns. A protest was held in
Charlottesville, Virginia was organized in Aug 2017. Multiple white nationalists
carrying tiki torches, swastikas, and semi-automatic rifles and chanting slogans like
“White lives matter”, 32-year-old Heather Heyer was killed and left 19 others
injured. The rise of this protest stemmed from the issues of racism in which many
people were directly discriminated against, harassed, and physically harmed.

The second way is to establish a perfect system for reporting racial and
discrimination incidents in education. The majority did not report and kept silent
about their incidents of discrimination in education. This is because most people
deem there have no benefits and differences after the report. They think they would
not get help from reports and feel the reporting system is futile. Sometimes, the
failure of the security system will divulge the victim’s data and information. The
reporting system omission will cause the whistle-blower in an unsafety position.
The most worrying part is coercion or vexation for those victims may exist again.
Secondary victimization can become a more serious issue.

Discrimination can be avoided by providing a place to deal with incidents of

educational discrimination, which develop a complete and perfect report system.
The regular and rigorous review of the security reporting system can give more
confidence to the victims to speak out for themselves. The security system also
needs to be enhanced. The perfect process of reporting may be established by a
written report, a timeline for resolution, documentation of resolution, and family
notification. More reporting details can help relevant authorities to keep track of
and comprehend the progress of those problems about discrimination in education
more easily. The related authorities must handle reports as soon as possible and
take responsibility to resolve them. The time delay will frustrate the victims
because they feel underappreciated and not valued.

Furthermore, support for psychological and mental services needs to be given to the
victims involved in discrimination. The school can train and recruit psychological
counselors that can help to give professional mental services. There have some
necessary skills that the counselor must be possessed, which are active listening
and responsiveness. It includes eye contact, smile, facial expressions, and body
language to show respect. The counselor should never judge the victim’s conduct
or thoughts even if it is inconsistent with the personal sense of ethics, morals,
religion, or decorum. By building a sense of trust, the counselor helps the victims
feel more relief and comfort and is willing to share their experiences and personal
feeling. Hence, we can avoid discrimination by developing a system for reporting
racial discrimination incidents in education. The reporting system will help to
investigate and research different types of discrimination and bullying in education.
And the disciplinary action taken to against the bullies, such as detention or
demerit, will make them realize the discrimination is inhumane and should not be
treated as granted.

Moreover, another suggested way is to provide educational materials (e.g., books,

videos, and posters) to represent diverse groups of people. The educational
materials should promote the diversity and culture of different races, religions, skin
colour, languages, castes, etc. These educational materials will make the student
become more understand the backgrounds and cultures of different races and
reduce the racial gap. For example, it can introduce a topic to explain
discrimination in education and its effects. Second, educators should re-examine
and revise curriculum, and textbooks in particular, to eliminate racist depictions,
misrepresentation, and historical exclusions. The teacher can encourage the
students to participate in a group discussion with different races. In addition, the
educational material should avoid sensitive and offensive words about racism. The
concept of preventing discrimination in education will be passed down from
generation to generation with deep-rooted education and thinking ways.

Finally, it is also an excellent way to avoid discrimination which is to maintain an

objective, open and peaceful mentality. Our first reaction should not presuppose
judgment easily, but to be aware, which can make us rational. Out of respect for
diversity, no matter whether individuals, groups, or even nations, we should try our
best to avoid egocentrism and lessen the standards of ourselves, our own culture, and
our country as universal values. Arrogance is not advisable, excessive self will only
be disliked by others. We need to elevate ourselves mentally and be prepared to
understand different positions and different points of people. This is because our
prejudices often come from our biased positions. Have more empathy, learn to
empathize, and be considerate of others.
6. Conclusion
Discrimination occurs in every corner of the globe. In Korea, family background
discrimination is the most common form of discrimination that will happen among
Korean people, as they will distinguish others based on their financial status where if
you are from a wealthy family background, everyone will respect you, but if you are
from a poor family, you will be discriminated by others.

Besides, the most common type of discrimination in India is discrimination based on

caste. In India, the caste system will divide the society into Brahmins, Kshatriyas,
Vaishyas, and Shudras, and those who fall outside of these castes will be Dalits. If
Dalits tried to challenge the caste system, they would suffer punishments such as
being forced to parade naked through the streets, beaten, or burned.

In addition, America also struggled with discrimination in the form of abuse based on
racial differences. For example, white people in America happen to discriminate
against black people because white people think that black people should be their
servants.

Discrimination will cause a variety of consequences, including ill health, low

psychological health, low self-esteem, and in the worst case will be suicide. As a
result, various aspects of society must work together to prevent discrimination from
happening such as the government’s need to enforce anti-discrimination laws,
educators need to promote the diversity and culture of different races to reduce the
racial gap and parent should educate their children on not to discriminate other people
while also teach them how to respond to situations when they face discrimination.

In conclusion, as we can see discrimination has a wide range of effects on our

personality and community, and therefore the issue of discrimination must be taken
seriously in order to build a better society.
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7. Appendix
 Discrimination in education in Korea due to the place of origin found on
internet.

 Discrimination in education in Korea due to skin colour found on internet.

 Discrimination in education in Korea due to skin colour found on internet.
 A real example of caste discrimination in India found on internet.
 Real example case of racial discrimination in America can be found on
internet.
  Saama Sane shared the experience in Instagram.

 Another real example case of racial discrimination in America can be found on

internet.
 Kynnedi Hines shared the experience in Instagram.
 The Instagram pages to share the experiences of discrimination between black
students and white students in America