Python Cast Data Types
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In Python, we use data types to classify the type of the data for example int , float , str etc.
However in programming, we need to convert the data type between different data type
Python does not support implicit conversion excet int to float
So we need to cast data types
Integer to Float
There are instances when you need to convert int type to float type. Even though python implicitly
converts int to float . However, sometimes it is required to convert int to float manually or float to
int
float() method in Python can be used to convert int to float
In [1]: a=56
float(a) # Converts int to float by addition decimal point
Out[1]: 56.0
In [4]: a = 56 #Int can be assigned to variable that can be converted to float
a = float(a)
print(a)
56.0
Float to Integer
Python can convert float to integer by using int() method
In the case of conversion from float to integer, python truncates the values after decimal
In [2]: int(45000.789)
Out[2]: 45000
The float can be assigned to a variable and then converted into integer
In [6]: a = 45.789
int(a)
Out[6]: 45
Python does not round the float when converting the float to int. It just cutoff the values after decimal
Number converted through division
in Python 3, the division of two integers returns float
In [7]: 4/2
Out[7]: 2.0
In [4]: 5/2
Out[4]: 2.5
You can use floor operator // to return integer
In [9]: 5//2
Out[9]: 2
Converting Number to String
In various operation, it becomes essential to convert numbers to string
For exmple the concatenation of number with string requires the number to be converted to string
Python does not explicitly converts number to string
We can use str() method to convert number to strinf manually
In [2]: 2+' Python' # Concatenation of Number with string gives error
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TypeError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-2-c11b81a42b78> in <module>
----> 1 2+' Python' # Concatenation of Number with string gives error
TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for +: 'int' and 'str'
In [1]: '2' + 'nd Python'
Out[1]: '2nd Python'
To convert number to string use str() method
In [8]: a=str(2)
type(a)
Out[8]: str
In [3]: s = 2
print(str(s) + 'nd Python')
2nd Python
Similarly we can convert float to string
In [20]: str(56.897)
Out[20]: '56.897'
In [5]: sr='234'
int(sr)
Out[5]: 234
In [6]: st='234j'
int(st)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ValueError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-6-6a6a2aec2236> in <module>
1 st='234j'
----> 2 int(st)
ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: '234j'
In [21]: a = 56.897
print('I have '+str(a)+' points')
I have 56.897 points
String to Number
In programming, on various ocassion, we need to convert the string values to numbers
For example the mathematical operations on strings need conversion to numbers (integer or float)
We use int() or float() methods to convert string to number
In [15]: var1='123.45'
float(var1)
Out[15]: 123.45
In [3]: var='hell0123456'
float(var)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ValueError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-3-86843a3fe513> in <module>
1 var='hell0123456'
----> 2 float(var)
ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'hell0123456'
In [24]: a = '58'
b = '50'
a+b
int(a) + int(b)
c = int(a) - int(b)
c
Out[24]: 8
In [8]: a=67
b=30.90
int(a+b)
Out[8]: 97
In [25]: float('78.98')
Out[25]: 78.98
In [26]: a = '89.76'
b = '78.67'
c = float(a) - float(b)
c
Out[26]: 11.090000000000003
Thank You
