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IOT Drone Fundamentals

Drones can act as communication gateways and carriers for sensors in IoT applications. The flight controller controls drone functionality through control algorithms that handle flight stability, navigation, payload control, and obstacle avoidance. Drones use sensors for motion control and positioning and communicate using technologies like WiFi, cellular, and LoRaWAN. Potential applications include military, delivery, and information collection. Challenges include security, privacy, accuracy, fault detection, and ethical issues.

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Pirathiish Rajan
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75 views11 pages

IOT Drone Fundamentals

Drones can act as communication gateways and carriers for sensors in IoT applications. The flight controller controls drone functionality through control algorithms that handle flight stability, navigation, payload control, and obstacle avoidance. Drones use sensors for motion control and positioning and communicate using technologies like WiFi, cellular, and LoRaWAN. Potential applications include military, delivery, and information collection. Challenges include security, privacy, accuracy, fault detection, and ethical issues.

Uploaded by

Pirathiish Rajan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Introduction to
UAV/Drones
for IOT
Austin Emmanuel Paulraj 20BAI1266
Role of Drones in IOT
In an IOT application/architecture, Drones main actions occur in the
phyisical layer.

They do have the capabilities to act as communication gateways of an


area, or edge computing, but this would require them to be
stationary/tied down, which undermines the concept behind UAVs in
the first place: Ariel mobility and dexterity.

As such they are optimal as carriers for Application specific Payload


Sensors/Actuators while including onboard communication modules to
send collected info/recieve instructions usng the Flight Controller Chip
Drone/Flight
Controller Unit
Controls all Drone functionality
Can be thought of as the center of
the Drone's 3 tiered structure in
operations:
Control Algorithms and
Functionality
Communication with
external IOT devices and
data Telemetry
Drone <-> Drone
Physical Senor Processing and
Actuation of Drone
propellors/payloads
Back to Agenda Page
Quadcopter Motion
Propellor Feedback

1) Propel Forward/Backward
2) Pitch
3) Yaw

Austin Paulraj
User Controls
Controller, often with Display screen to
show current view of Drone

Allows Realtime control of drone in 3


dimensions, and fine tuning over
acceleration, position, directions and
application specific use

Can also set up constraints pre flight,


such as home point incase lost or
variable thresholds

Austin Paulraj
Control Algorithms: Jobs
Flight Recovery/Obstacle
Flight Recovery/Obstacle
Avoidance Auto Balance/Stability
Avoidance Autonomous Navigation
For newer, less experienced or consumer
Incase of wind turbulence or drivers that don't have fine control
Incase of wind turbulence or When waypoint or target location is
imminent impact
imminent impact Austin Paulraj set, drone should be able to travel
Austin Paulraj to and traverse terrain to reach with
Austin Paulraj
no user control.
Payload Control
Auto Return Managing and ensuring operation of the Austin Paulraj
Incase of drone exits effective range Drone Payload (Camera, Arm, Sensors)
of controller, but can still move
Austin Paulraj
Austin Paulraj
Types of Drone motion control
Speed, 3D Rotation, Compass, Atmospheric Pressure, Inertial

Sensors
Measurement Unit

Drone/User Vision
GPS, Distance or Relative position

IOT Application specific Loaded


sensors
Specific to Application, often weather, chemical or video, Modular
Networking of Drones: Tech/Protocols
Wifi: High range and Cellular communication
speed, allows drone to gives the same benifits
connect to Cloud and as Wifi but is also more
Internet for IOT secure making it ideal for LoRaWAN is low power
application Ecommerce and Security and long range with some
applications limitations when compared
Austin Paulraj ZigBee - Low poer and
range, perfect for drone Austin Paulraj to WIfi/Cellular, which
communication with makes it very ideal for
local IOT devices and M2M and D2D coms
clustered networks Austin Paulraj
nearby
Austin Paulraj
Applications
Millitary Intelligence
Survailance
Supply chain/Eccomerce
Wide range/Swarm Information Collection
Summarized Case study: Prime Air
Amazon Prime Air:
Overall Carbon footprint of electric drones
small
Process
Predicted to have near and longterm cost
No Fly Zone regulation
benifits in delivery
Package Payload + Navigation sensors Since its inception: Prime air is under
By applying the same to both Supply chain
GPS + Cellular + V2V routing scrutint by orgs that watch for forest fires
and Delivery Amazon can save millions in
Sense and Avoid Faults or loss in delivery drones can cause
cost
Full Autonomy Customer disatisfaction and high costs to fix
Works very well in Amazon's preffered
Collaborative V2V so it is High risk, High reward
Buisness model
Sensor Navigation Ideal routing and genralised autonomous
Security Concerns flight algorithms are still being developed
2013 Google Lawsuit

Austin Paulraj
Challenges of using Security

Drones Vandalism, Hacking, Obstruction, Faults

Privacy
Constant surveillance and GPS tracking, Possible Misuse of Info

Accuracy in Operation
Correct payload, used for correct purpose in correct location

Malfunction and Fault Detction


Loss of Drone in swarm, hard to work around, correct and recover

Ethical Dilemas
War, Intelligence stealing/gathering, Cross boundary actions, Dangerous
Payload delivery

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