FINDING THE MEAN

OF THE SAMPLING
DISTRIBUTION OF THE
SAMPLE MEANS
• Mean of the population µ
• Mean of the sampling distribution of the µ𝐗ഥ
sample means
𝛔𝟐
• Variance of the population
• Variance of the sampling distribution of the 𝛔𝟐
ഥ
𝐗
sample mean

• Standard deviation of the population σ

• Standard deviation of the sampling 𝛔𝐗ഥ
distribution of the sample mean
 FINDING THE MEAN OF THE POPULATION (µ)
AND
THE MEAN OF THE SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION OF THE
SAMPLE MEANS (µX)

∑𝑋
µ= µ𝑋ത = ∑[𝑋ത ▪ P(𝑋)]
ത
𝑁
SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION OF
POPULATION THE SAMPLE MEANS
EXAMPLE 1. The three students of Arellano University have the
allowances P4, P6, P8, in hundreds. A sample size 2 is to be taken from
this population
SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION OF THE SAMPLE MEANS
MEAN (X) PROBABILITY P(Ẋ)
5 1/3
6 1/3
7 1/3
a. Compute the mean of the population
∑𝑋 4+6+8
µ= =
𝑁 3
18
µ =
3
µ =6
b. Compute the mean of the sampling distribution of the sample
means
µX = ∑[X ▪ P(X)]

MEAN (X) PROBABILITY P(Ẋ) X ▪ P(X)

5 1/3 5/3
6 1/3 6/3
7 1/3 7/3
µX = ∑[X ▪ P(X)]
µX = 5/3 + 6/3 + 7/3
µX = 18/3
µX = 6
EXAMPLE 2. The following table gives the monthly salaries (in
thousands of pesos) of 4 officers in a government office. Suppose
that random sample size 2 are taken from this population of 4
officers. OFFICER SALARY
A 4
B 6
C 8
D 10
a. Compute the mean of the population
∑𝑋 4 + 6 + 8+10
µ= =
𝑁 4
28
µ =
4
µ =7
 SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION OF THE SAMPLE MEANS
MEAN PROBABILITY P(Ẋ) X ▪ P(X)
5 1/6 5/6
6 1/6 6/6
7 2/6 14/6
8 1/6 8/6
9 1/6 9/6

µX = ∑[X ▪ P(X)]
µX = 5/6 + 6/6 + 14/6 + 8/6 + 9/6
µX = 42/6
µX = 7
EXAMPLE 3. The 5 students of Access Computer College have the
allowances P10, P12, P14, P16, and P18. A sample size 2 is to be taken
from this population
SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION OF THE SAMPLE MEANS
MEAN (X) PROBABILITY P(Ẋ)
11 1/10
12 1/10
13 2/10
14 2/10
15 2/10
16 1/10
17 1/10
a. Compute the mean of the population
∑𝑋 10 + 12 + 14+16+18
µ= =
𝑁 5
70
µ =
5
µ = 14

b. Compute the mean of the sampling distribution of the

sample means
µX = ∑[X ▪ P(X)]
µX = 14
EXAMPLE 4. The 4 students of Access Computer College have the
allowances P3, P6, P9, and P12. A sample size 3 is to be taken from
this population

SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION OF THE SAMPLE MEANS

MEAN PROBABILITY P(Ẋ)
6 1/4
7 1/4
8 1/4
9 1/4
a. Compute the mean of the population
∑𝑋 3 + 6 + 9 + 12
µ= =
𝑁 4
30
µ =
4
µ = 7.5

b. Compute the mean of the sampling distribution of the

sample means
µX = ∑[X ▪ P(X)]
µX = 7.5
 FINDING THE VARIANCE AND THE STANDARD
DEVIATION OF THE POPULATION
VARIANCE STANDARD DEVIATION

∑ 𝑋2 ∑𝑋 2 ∑ 𝑋2 ∑𝑋 2
σ2 = - σ= −
𝑁 𝑁 𝑁 𝑁
The FINITE POPULATION CORRECTION FACTOR is
used for computing the standard error of the mean from
a finite population. It is given by the expression:
𝑁−𝑛
𝑁−1

The correction factor is necessary if relatively large

samples are taken from a small population, because the
sample mean will then more accurately estimate the
population mean and there will be less error in the
estimation.
EXAMPLE 1. The three students of Arellano University have the
allowances P4, P6, P8, in hundreds. A sample size 2 is to be taken
from this population
a. Compute the variance and the standard deviation of the population

X X2 ∑ 𝑋2 ∑𝑋 2
σ2 = -
4 16 𝑁 𝑁
6 36 116 18 2
σ2 = -
8 64 3 3
116 324
∑ 𝑋 = 18 ∑ 𝑋 2 = 116 σ2 = -
3 9
σ2 = 2.67
σ = 1.63
 𝛔𝟐 𝑁 − 𝑛 σ 𝑁−𝑛
𝛔𝟐 𝐗ഥ = . 𝛔𝐗ഥ = .
𝑛 𝑁−1 𝑛 𝑁−1

𝟐. 𝟔𝟕 3 − 2 𝟏. 𝟔𝟑 3−2
𝟐
𝛔 𝐗ഥ = . 𝛔𝐗ഥ = .
2 3−1 2 3−1
𝟐
1
𝛔 𝐗ഥ = 1.335 1
2 𝛔𝐗ഥ = 1.152584
𝝈𝟐 𝑿ഥ = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟔𝟕𝟓 𝒐𝒓 𝟎. 𝟔𝟕 2
𝝈𝑿ഥ = 0.815
EXAMPLE 2. The following table gives the monthly salaries (in
thousands of pesos) of 4 officers in a government office. Suppose that
random sample size 2 are taken from this population of 4 officers.

OFFICER SALARY
A 4
B 6
C 8
D 10
a. Compute the variance and the standard deviation of
the population
X X2
2 ∑ 𝑋2 ∑𝑋 2
4 16 σ = -
𝑁 𝑁
6 36 216 28 2
σ2 = -
8 64 4 4
2 216 784
10 100 σ = -
4 16
∑ 𝑋 = 28 ∑ 𝑋 2 = 216 σ2 = 5
σ = 2.24
 𝛔𝟐 𝑁 − 𝑛 σ 𝑁−𝑛
𝛔𝟐 𝐗ഥ = . 𝛔𝐗ഥ = .
𝑛 𝑁−1 𝑛 𝑁−1

𝟓 4−2 𝟐. 𝟐𝟒 4−2
𝟐
𝛔 𝐗ഥ = . 𝛔𝐗ഥ = .
2 4−1 2 4−1
𝟐
2
𝛔 𝐗ഥ = 2.5 2
3 𝛔𝐗ഥ = 1.583919
𝝈𝟐 𝑿ഥ = 𝟏. 𝟔𝟕 3
𝝈𝑿ഥ = 1.29
EXAMPLE 3. The 5 students of Access Computer College have the
allowances P10, P12, P14, P16, and P18. A sample size 2 is to be taken
from this population
a. Compute the variance and the standard deviation of the population
X X2 ∑ 𝑋2 ∑𝑋 2
σ2 = -
10 100 𝑁 𝑁
12 144 1020 70 2
σ2 = -
5 5
14 196 1020 4900
16 256 σ2 = -
5 25
18 324 σ2 = 8
∑ 𝑋 = 70 ∑ 𝑋 2 = 1020 σ = 2.83
 𝛔𝟐 𝑁 − 𝑛 σ 𝑁−𝑛
𝛔𝟐 𝐗ഥ = . 𝛔𝐗ഥ = .
𝑛 𝑁−1 𝑛 𝑁−1

𝟖 5−2 𝟐. 𝟖𝟑 5−2
𝟐
𝛔 𝐗ഥ = . 𝛔𝐗ഥ = .
2 5−1 2 5−1
𝟐
3
𝛔 𝐗ഥ = 4 3
4 𝛔𝐗ഥ = 2.001112
𝝈𝟐 𝑿ഥ = 𝟑 4
𝝈𝑿ഥ = 1.73
EXAMPLE 4. The 4 students of Access Computer College have the
allowances P3, P6, P9, and P12. A sample size 3 is to be taken from this
population
a. Compute the variance and the standard deviation of the population
∑ 𝑋2 ∑𝑋 2
X X2 σ2 = -
𝑁 𝑁
3 9 270 30 2
6 36 σ2 = -
4 4
270 900
9 81 σ2 = -
4 16
12 144 σ2 = 11.25
∑ 𝑋 = 30 2
∑ 𝑋 = 270 σ = 3.35
 𝛔𝟐 𝑁 − 𝑛 σ 𝑁−𝑛
𝛔𝟐 𝐗ഥ = . 𝛔𝐗ഥ = .
𝑛 𝑁−1 𝑛 𝑁−1

𝟏𝟏. 𝟐𝟓 4 − 3 𝟑. 𝟑𝟓 4−3
𝟐
𝛔 𝐗ഥ = . 𝛔𝐗ഥ = .
3 4−1 3 4−1
𝟐
1
𝛔 𝐗ഥ = 3.75 1
3 𝛔𝐗ഥ = 1.934123
𝝈𝟐 𝑿ഥ = 𝟏. 𝟐𝟓 3
𝝈𝑿ഥ = 1.12
EXAMPLE 5. The following table gives the monthly salary of the 6
employees of a certain supermarket (in thousands of pesos). Suppose
that random of sample of size 4 are taken from this population of six
employees. EMPLOYEE SALARY
A 8
B 12
C 16
D 20
E 24
F 28
a. Compute the variance and the standard deviation of the
population
∑ 𝑋 2 ∑ 𝑋 2
2
X X σ2 = -
8 64 𝑁 𝑁
2224 108 2
12 144 σ 2 = -
16 256 6 6
2 2224 11664
20 400 σ = -
24 576 6 36
2
σ = 46.67
28 784
∑ 𝑋 = 108 ∑ 𝑋 2 = 2224 σ = 6.83
 𝛔𝟐 𝑁 − 𝑛 σ 𝑁−𝑛
𝛔𝟐 𝐗ഥ = . 𝛔𝐗ഥ = .
𝑛 𝑁−1 𝑛 𝑁−1

𝟒𝟔. 𝟔𝟕 6 − 4 𝟔. 𝟖𝟑 6−4
𝟐
𝛔 𝐗ഥ = . 𝛔𝐗ഥ = .
4 6−1 3 6−1
𝟐
2
𝛔 𝐗ഥ = 11.6675 2
5 𝛔𝐗ഥ = 3.943302
𝝈𝟐 𝑿ഥ = 𝟒. 𝟔𝟕 5
𝝈𝑿ഥ = 2.49
Properties of the Mean and Variance of Sampling
Distributions of Sample Means
1. The mean of the sample means will be the
same as the population mean.
2. The variance or standard deviation of the
sample means will be smaller than the variance
or standard deviation of the population.