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StatProb Lesson 45

The document discusses calculating z-scores and using the normal distribution. It provides examples of converting raw scores to z-scores and vice versa using the given mean and standard deviation. It also demonstrates how to find the percentile corresponding to a given z-score and the z-score corresponding to a given percentile using the normal distribution table. Examples are provided for finding probabilities and minimum scores required for various percentiles.

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Lee Heeseung
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487 views36 pages

StatProb Lesson 45

The document discusses calculating z-scores and using the normal distribution. It provides examples of converting raw scores to z-scores and vice versa using the given mean and standard deviation. It also demonstrates how to find the percentile corresponding to a given z-score and the z-score corresponding to a given percentile using the normal distribution table. Examples are provided for finding probabilities and minimum scores required for various percentiles.

Uploaded by

Lee Heeseung
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lesson

*Converts a normal random variable to a standard


normal Variable and Vice versa
* Computes probabilities and percentiles using
the standard normal table
The z score is a measure of relative standing. It is a standard deviation
value. It is the distance between a given value X and the mean.
Sometimes, it is called a standard score. It is calculated by subtracting
the mean from the specific measurement X, and then dividing the result
by the standard deviation.
To determine z, use the computing formula

or
Example 1
In a population of reading scores, the mean µ = 68, and the standard
deviation σ = 5. Find the z value that corresponds to a score X = 73

Solution
Step 1. Construct a normal curve and write the corresponding raw
scores on the z scores given the mean and the standard deviation
Step 2. Identify the given values and substitute the formula to
identify what is missing
X = 73 µ = 68 σ=5 z=?

𝑿− µ
z=
𝝈

𝟕𝟑−𝟔𝟖
z=
𝟓

z=1
Example 2.
A Mathematics score is 74. If it is given that µ = 80 and σ = 6, what is
the corresponding z score?
Step 1. Construct a normal curve and write the corresponding raw
scores on the z scores given the mean and the standard deviation
Step 2. Identify the given values and substitute the formula to
identify what is missing
X = 74 µ = 80 σ=6 z=?

𝑿− µ
z=
𝝈

𝟕𝟒−𝟖𝟎
z=
𝟔

z = -1
Example 3
The score is 50, the standard deviation is 5 and the mean is 44
under the population values. What is the corresponding z score
of the raw score?
X = 50 µ = 44 σ=5 z=?

𝑿− µ
z= 𝝈

𝟓𝟎−𝟒𝟒
z= 𝟓

z = 1.2
Example 4
The raw score is 64, the standard deviation is 10 and the mean
is 50 under the population values. What is the corresponding z
score of the raw score?
X = 64 µ = 50 σ = 10 z=?

𝑿− µ
z= 𝝈

𝟔𝟒−𝟓𝟎
z= 𝟏𝟎

z = 1.4
Example 5 ( Raw Score of Z- Score )
The z score is 1.3, the standard deviation is 10, and the mean is
75 under the population values. What is the corresponding raw
score of the z score provided?
X=? µ = 75 σ = 10 z = 1.3
𝒙−𝝁 𝒙−𝝁
𝒛= 𝝈(𝒛 = )𝝈 𝝈𝒛 = 𝒙 − 𝝁
𝝈 𝝈
X = σz + µ

X = 10(1.3) + 75
X = 88
Example 6 ( Raw Score of Z- Score )
The z score is 1, the standard deviation is 3, and the
mean 69 under the population values. What is the
corresponding raw score in the given z score provided?
X=? µ = 69 σ=3 z=1
X = σz + µ
X = 3(1) + 69
X = 72
LOCATING
PERCENTILES
UNDER THE
NORMAL CURVE
Example 1
Having obtained a score of 85 in a recently concluded unit test in
Science, John wanted to know how he fared in comparison with his
classmates. His teacher told him that he scored at the 90th percentile.
What is the corresponding z score of 90th percentile?
Step 1. Construct a normal curve and shade the area of the percentile.
Step 2. Find the area 0.4000 in the body of the z table. If
it cannot be found in the table, get the area value nearest
to it.
The nearest value is 0.3997

Step 3. Identify the corresponding z score of the found


area
The corresponding z score is 1.28
Therefore the z score that corresponds to 90th percentile
on the normal curve is 1.28
Example 2
A score is in the 96th percentile. Where is the score under the
normal curve?

Step 1. Construct a normal curve and shade the area of the


percentile.
Step 2. Find the area 0.4600 in the body of the z table. If
it cannot be found in the table, get the area value nearest
to it.
The nearest value is 0.4599
Step 3. Identify the corresponding z score of the found
area
The corresponding z score is 1.75
Therefore the z score that corresponds to 96th percentile
on the normal curve is 1.75
Example 3.
What does the 50th percentile lie under the normal
curve?
z=0
Example 4.
Anna’s grade in Science is 88. Her teacher said that her
score is on the 62nd percentile. What is the
corresponding z score or the position of his score under
the normal curve.
z = 0.31
Example 5
What percentile is depicted in the sketch of the normal curve?
Step 1. Identify the z score and its corresponding area
z = 0.64
The area is 0.2389
Step 2. Add or subtract 0.5000 on the area base on the shaded
region and convert to percent
At this point, we will add 0.5000

0.5000 + 0.2389 = 0.7389 or 73.89%

Step 3. Round the answer to the nearest unit


73.89% = 74%

Therefore the z score 0.64 is the 74th percentile under the


normal curve.
Example 6
What percentile is depicted on the sketch of the normal
curve?
Step 1. Identify the z score and its corresponding area
z = 0.50
The area is 0.1915
Step 2. Add or subtract 0.5000 on the area base on the shaded
region and convert to percent
At this point, we will subtract 0.5000

0.5000 – 0.1915 = 0.3085 or 30.85%

Step 3. Round the answer or percent to the nearest unit


30.85% = 31%
Therefore the z score -0.5 is the 31st percentile under the
normal curve.
Example 1.
The Intelligence Quotient (IQ) scores for people are normally
distributed with a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 16. If
Bettina was randomly selected to take a test, what is the probability
that her score is between 100 and 120?
Step 1. Construct a normal curve and put the given values to
understand the situation
Step 2. Identify the corresponding z score of 100 and 120.
𝑿− µ
100 → z = 0 z=
𝝈
(Since 100 is the mean)
𝟏𝟐𝟎−𝟏𝟎𝟎
z=
𝟏𝟔
z = 1.25
120 → z = 1.25
Step 3. Identify the proportion of the area corresponds between z = 0
and z = 1.25
z = 1.25 ↔ 0.3944
Therefore Bettina probability that her score will fall between 100 and
120 is 0.3994 or 39.44%
Example 2.
What is the probability that a person picked at random has an IQ
greater than 90?

Step 1. Construct a normal curve and put the given values to


understand the situation
Step 2. Identify the corresponding z score of 90 and 100
100 → z = 0 (Since 100 is the mean)

𝑿− µ
z=
𝝈

𝟗𝟎−𝟏𝟎𝟎
z=
𝟏𝟔

z = 0.625 (round your answer to the nearest hundredths)

90 → z = -0.63
Step 3. Identify the proportion of the area corresponds greater
than z = 0.63
z = 0.63 ↔ 0.2357

0.2357 + 0.5000
= 0.7357

Therefore the probability that a person picked at random has


an IQ greater than 90 is 0.7357 or 73.57%
Example 3.
In her class in Accounting, Miss Kay told the students that they need a
grade in the top 10% of the class to get an A in a particular test. In the
standardization of the test, the mean was 70 and the standard deviation
was 12. Assuming that the grades will be normally distributed, what
must be the minimum grade needed to obtain an A?
Step 1. Construct a
normal curve and put
the given values
to understand the
situation
Step 2. Identify the corresponding z score of 0.4000 or the
nearest value to it

0.3997 is the nearest value to 0.4000


0.4000 ↔ z = 1.28
Step 3. Identify the corresponding raw score
of the z score by using the formula
X = σz + µ
X=? µ = 70 σ = 12 z = 1.28
X = σz + µ

X = 12(1.28) + 70
X = 85.36 (round off your answer to the nearest unit)
X = 85

Thus, the minimum grade to belong to the top 10% of a class and obtain
a grade of A is 85
Example 4.
What is the 33rd percentile for the Intelligence Quotient scores (IQ)
where the mean µ = 100 and the standard deviation is σ = 16?
Step 1. Construct a normal curve and put the given information to
understand the situation
Step 2. Identify the corresponding z score of 0.1700 or the
nearest value of it

0.1700 ↔ z = 0.44
0.1700 ↔ z = -0.44
Step 3. Identify the corresponding
raw score of the z score by using
the formula X = σz + µ
X = ? µ = 100 σ = 16 z = -0.44
X = σz + µ
X = 16(-0.44) + 100
X = -7.04 + 70
X = 92.96 (round off your answer to the nearest unit)
X = 93
Therefore, the 33rd percentile on the Intelligence Quotient
scores is 93
In a medical mission among adults, the distribution
of cholesterol readings in mg/dl is normally
distributed with a mean of 210
and a standard deviation of 12.
What percentage of this
distribution will have
readings less than 240?
0.9938 or 99.38%

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