KEY_EXERCISE (5)

A. LEXICO-GRAMMAR
I. Give the correct form of the words in brackets.
1. The survey showed many young offenders had had difficult __________ (BRING).
2. The stray dog spent his days following tourists hoping to __________ one of them. (FRIEND)
3. It was a __________ minor accident but tragically, one of the two drivers died. (SEEM)
4. Anthony is a quiet, __________ type. You will always find him reading or studying something.
(BOOK)
5. These solar batteries will work not only when the sun is shining but as long as there is any __________
(DAY).
6. The rocks appear to be stationary but in the high winds that whip across this desert landscape, they are
in reality moving __________ (PERCEIVE).
7. You may laugh Inspector, but it is not __________ apparent to us why you should suspect anyone in
this room of having carried out this murder. (WHOLE)
8. The final vote was 128 for, 173 against with 21 __________ The government has been humiliated by
this defeat. (ABSTAIN)
9. Matilda found it hard to overcome the powerful sense of __________ she felt on waking for the first
time in the new house. (ORIENTATE)
10. His performance in the match today __________ his reputation as a great player. (LIE)

Key
1. upbrings 2. befriend 3. seemingly 4. bookish 5. daylight
6. Imperceptibly Wholly 8. Abstentions 9. Disorientation 10. belies

II. Complete each of the following sentences with one suitable preposition or particle.
1. My plans for starting a restaurant fell __________ for lack of capital.
2. After the flood, hundreds of volunteers came __________ with offers of assistance.
3. Don’t waste time brooding ________ your past failures.
4. I won’t concede ________ your demand.
5. Don’t dally ________ a woman’s affections.
6. The factory owner is not in the habit of fraternizing __________ his workers.
7. If you have a grievance __________ the company, please lodge a formal written complaint.
8. He was deaf __________ my requests for help.
9. Peter’s in hospital again. The poor chap seems prone__________ accidents.
10. When the police discovered his history of drunk driving, they took __________ his driver’s license
and kept him under control.

Key
1. through 2. forward 3. over/on/about 4. to 5. with
6. with 7. against/ with 8. to 9. to 10. away

B. READING
I. For questions 1–10, read the following passage and decide which answer (A, B, C, or D) best fits each
gap. Write your answers in corresponding numbered boxes.
Those who _______________ (1) for a vegetarian diet must usually _______________ (2) up a
variety of aspect concerning the nutritional value of vegetables and the adequacy of vegetarian meals in
terms of the number of _______________ (3) provided to the body. Vegetarianism is not a new concept,
rather an ancient custom which evolved in the Far East cultures on ethical or religious grounds.
In today’s world, it has been undertaken by many followers who for a variety of reasons believe the
vegetarian diet more preferable to that containing meat. For example, there’s the theory that animal meat
wasn’t originally a component of the staple human diet as mankind evolved from foragers who later
_______________ (4) a taste for flesh. Hence, our primeval ancestors are alleged to have had a substantial
_______________ (5) of proteins and vitamins from natural vegetation rather than from the meat of hunted
game. What’s more, human teeth don’t _______________ (6) much resemblance to those of animal
carnivores, and neither is our digestive system equivalent to the meat eaters’ one.
Apart from the enforced vegetarianism of underdeveloped communities where populations deprived of
animal protein _______________ (7) the natural vegetation, there’s a rising acceptance of the vegetarian
diet which _______________ (8) to be regarded as an eccentricity. Abstention from animal food, be it for
religious, economic or humanitarian reasons, has been a quickly spreading custom as, surprisingly, the
vegetarian diet needn’t be dull or deficient. Yet, it does involve taking good _______________ (9) to supply
the body with a sufficient quantity of nutrients _______________ (10) from corn, seeds and cereals.
1. A. prefer B. opt C. select D. favour
2. A. judge B. weigh C. confer D. survey
3. A. nutrients B. foods C. cuisines D. condiments
4. A. generated B. acquired C. instituted D. accustomed
5. A. output B. offset C. upturn D. intake
6. A. infer B. assume C. bear D. pertain
7. A. play down on B. come in for C. fall back on D. get on for
8. A. terminates B. ceases C. concludes D. finished
9. A. precautions B. resolutions C. proceeds D. measurements
10. A. comprising B. deriving C. procuring D. providing

II. Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Write your answer in
corresponding numbered spaces.
A new study from Australia suggests that couch potatoes (người suốt ngày chỉ xem tivi) live shorter
lives. The study followed 8,800 adults (1) ____________ 25 and older for six and a half years and found
that each daily hour of television viewing was (2) ____________ with an 18 percent increase in deaths from
heart disease and an 11 percent increase in overall mortality. Those who watched television four hours or
more per day were 80 percent more likely to die of cardiovascular disease than those who watched two
hours or less, and 46 percent more likely to die of any cause. And it did not (3) ____________ whether they
were overweight, according to the study, which appeared Jan 11 th in the online (4) ____________ of
Circulation: Journal of the American Heart Association.
Although it is possible that people who were already ill watched more television than those who
were healthy, the researchers tried to rule that (5) ____________ by excluding subjects who already had
heart disease and by adjusting for differences in risk (6) ____________ like diet and smoking. While the
benefits of physical activity have been well studied, there is growing interest (7) ____________ researchers
in assessing the effects of being sedentary. “For many people, on a daily (8) ____________, they simply
shift from one chair to another-from the chair in the car to the chair in the office to the chair in front of the
television.” said the study’s lead author, David Dunstan of the baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute in
Victoria, Australia. “(9) ____________ if someone has a healthy body weight, sitting for long periods still
has an unhealthy (10) ____________ on blood sugar and blood fats”.
Key
1. aged 2. associated 3. matter 4. edition 5. out
6. factors 7. among 8. basis 9. Even 10. influence

Part 4. Read the following passage and do the tasks that follow.
What’s in Blood?
A Blood is the most specialized fluid within living animals, playing an absolutely critical role. It
symbolizes (‘new blood’), health (‘get your blood running’), personality (‘good or bad blood’), and family
(‘your bloodline’). This red fluid itself is something which most people would rather not see, yet it contains
such a complex soup of proteins, sugars, ions, hormones, gases, and basic cellular components that it is
certainly worth considering in some detail.
B By volume, half of blood is the liquid part, called plasma. The rest comprises specialized
components, the main one being red blood cells (technically known as erythrocytes). These transport oxygen
molecules throughout the body, and also give blood its colour (from the hemoglobin protein within, which
turns red when combined with oxygen). Red blood cells, as with all cells in the human body, have a limited
operating life. They are produced within the marrow of bones, principally the larger ones, and live for about
four months before they fall inactive, to be then reabsorbed by the spleen and liver, with waste products
absorbed into the urine.
C This contrasts with the other main cells of human blood: the white blood cells, technically known as
leukocytes. Similarly produced in the bone marrow, they are active only for three or four days, yet they are
essential in defending the body against infections. White blood cells come in many different types, each
designed to deal with a different sort of invader bacteria, virus, fungus, or parasite. When one of these enters
the body, the white blood cells quickly determine its nature, then, after mustering sufficient numbers of a
specific type (the period in which you are sick), they launch themselves into the fight, enveloping each
individual invasive cell, and breaking it down (leading to recovery)
D That leaves the last main component of blood: platelets. Their technical name is thrombocytes, and
they are much smaller than red and white blood cells. Also circulating freely, they are responsible for
clotting the blood, and this is necessary to heal both external and internal injuries. Again, they are produced
in the bone marrow, and have the interesting ability to change shape. There are several diseases related to
the breakdown in the regulation of their numbers. If too low, excessive bleeding can occur, yet if too high,
internal clotting may result, causing potentially catastrophic blockages in parts of the body and medical
ailments we know as strokes, heart attacks, and embolisms.
E Blood’s complexity presents particular difficulties in the advent of emergency transfusions. These
are avoided whenever possible in order to lower the risk of reactions due to blood incompatibility.
Unexpected antigens can trigger antibodies to attack blood components, with potentially lethal results. Thus,
if transfusions are to take place, a thorough knowledge and classification of blood is essential, yet with 30
recognized blood-group systems, containing hundreds of antigens, this presents quite a challenge. The ABO
system is the most important. On top of this is the Rhesus factor, which is not as simple as positive or
negative (as most people think), but comprises scores of antigens. These can, however, be clustered together
into groups which cause similar responses, creating some order.
F Of course, the simplest system to avoid adverse transfusion reactions is for patients to receive their
own blood – for example, in a series of blood donations in anticipation of an operation scheduled some
months in advance. The second best system is to undertake cross-matching, which involves simply mixing
samples of the patients’ blood with the donors’, then checking microscopically for clumping – a key sign of
incompatibility. Both of these systems are obviously impractical in an emergency situation, which is why
meticulous testing, documentation, and labeling of blood are necessary.
G In a true emergency, a blood bank is needed, with an array of various types of blood on hand. Hence,
blood donations must be a regular occurrence among a significant segment of the population. In the
developed world, unpaid volunteers provide most of the blood for the community, whereas in less developed
nations, families or friends are mostly involved. In the era of HIV and other insidious blood – borne
diseases, potential donors are carefully screened and tested, and a period of about two months is
recommended before successive whole blood donations.
H Given the vital role which blood plays, it is strange to think that for almost 2000 years bloodletting
was a widespread medical practice. It was based on the belief that blood carried ‘humours’, whose
imbalances resulted in medical illnesses. Bleeding a patient was supposed to remove an undesirable excess
of one of these. Furthermore, the fact that blood circulated around the body was unknown. It was instead
assumed to be quickly created, and equally quickly exhausted of its value, after which it could stagnant
unhealthily in the bodily extremities. Although the logic was there, it goes without saying that very few
patients responded positively to such treatment.
(SOURCE: IELTS TEST PRACTICE BOOK)
Questions 1-8
The Reading has eights paragraphs, A-H. Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of
headings below.
LIST OF HEADINGS
i Not as big, but needing just enough
ii Some attitudes to blood
iii Good, but not so quick
iv Two ideas see a wrong conclusion
v Complicated identification
vi An interesting treatment
vii A shorter life, but just as important
 viii The principal part that adds some colour
ix Bone marrow and blood
x Maintaining supplies
1. Paragraph A __ii__ 2. Paragraph B __viii_ 3. Paragraph C _vii__ 4. Paragraph D __i___
5. Paragraph E ___v_ 6. Paragraph F ___iii_ 7. Paragraph G __x_ 8. Paragraph H __iv__
Questions 9-12: Complete the table
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer
Blood Component Associated Fact
Red cells Upon dying, dealt with by (9)_____________
White cells Require (10)______________before attacking invaders
Platelets Their numbers need careful (11)______________
(12)__________________ Many varieties exist

Key
9. spleen and liver 10. sufficient numbers 11. regulation 12. antigens

C. WRITING
Meerkat study
Dr Alex Thorntorn from the University of Cambridge recently led a study into meerkat society.
Meerkats are highly social mongooses that live in large social groups and take turns foraging for food and
standing guard to look out for predators. Research has shown that the animals have their own traditions
within their group. For example, while members of one meerkat troop will consistently rise very early, those
of another will emerge from their burrows much later in the morning.
In one attempt to access whether meerkats simply copy their behavior patterns or are taught them.
Thorntorn and his team travelled to the Kalahari Dessert and set a series of tests for a group in the wild. One
test involved putting a scorpion (the meerkats’ favourite food) into a transparent container. The meerkats
had to work out how to open the opaque lid of the container in order to reach the scorpion inside. The tests
showed that the more subordinate juvenile members of meerkat troops are the most innovative when it
comes to foraging – these low-ranking males were best at that the meerkats didn’t ever appear to work out
that it was the opaque surface of the box that they should attack in preference to the transparent ones. So,
this may simply be evidence of persistence rather than actual intelligent.
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II. The bar chart below shows the top ten countries for the production and consumption of electricity
in 2014. You can write about 150 words

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III. Many foods are shipped from far away. Some people think that eating local food is more
environmentally and economically beneficial.  Do you think the advantages outweigh its disadvantages?
You can write about 250 words, using reasons and examples to support your position.
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