MGM’s POLYTECHNIC,

AURANGABAD 2020-2021
Micro Project
Report On
“What is Planning, Describe it in Detail Along With its Types
in Brief”
Submitted in partially fulfillment for „I‟ Scheme sixth semester of

Diploma in
CIVIL ENGINEERING
By

Hire Vaishnavi (1815010076)

Siddiqui Usamuddin (1815010078)
Thorat Pranjal (1815010123)

Under the guidance of

Prof. Phulari.R.S
(Lecturer)
In Pursuit of Excellence

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education, Mumbai

(Autonomous) (ISO-9001-2008) (ISO/IEC 27001:2013)
 Maharashtra State
Board of Technical Education, Mumbai

Certificate of Completin

This is to certify that Mr/Ms. Hire Vaishnavi , Siddiqui Usamuddin, Thorat Pranjal with
Enrollment No(1815010076,1815010078,1815010123)had successfully completed their Micro-
Project entitlend“What is Planning, Describe it in Detail Along With its Types in Brief”in the
Course/Subject of " Management "in the sixth semester during their tenure of completing the
Diploma programme in Civil Engineering From MGM's Polytechnic institute with institute
code 1501.

Prof. Phulari R. S. Prof. Salve U. L.

Guide HOD
Civil Department Civil Department

Principal
 INDEX

Sr. No. Content Page No.

Micro-Project Proposal

1.0 Aims/Benefits of the Micro-Project 1

2.0 Course Outcomes Addressed 1

3.0 Proposed Methodology 1

4.0 Action Plan 1

5.0 Resources Required 2

6.0 Resources Required 2

Micro-Project Report

1.0 Rationale 3

2.0 Aims/Benefits of the Micro-Project 3

3.0 Course Outcomes Achieved 3

4.0 Actual Methodology Followed 3

7
5.0 Actual Resources Used

6.0 Outputs of the Micro-Projects 7

7.0 Skill Developed / Learning outcomes of this Micro-Project 7

8.0 Applications of this Micro-Project 7

 Annexure – I
Micro-Project Proposal

“What is Planning, Describe it in Detail Along With its Types in Brief”

1.0 Aims/Benefits of the Micro-Project

This Micro-Project aims at:
 Prepare a report on what is planning, described it in detail along its types in brief.
2.0 Course Outcomes Addressed
 Use principles of planning and organizing for accomplishment of task
3.0Proposed Methodology (Procedure in brief that will be followed to do the micro-project in
about 100 to 200 words).
1) Research about what is planning and it‟s types.
2) Collect the information form manual.
3) Mark out the important information about planning and it‟s type in brief.
4) Extra information is collected from Google .
5) After collecting the information we prepare a report .
6) After preparing the report we have look on it and correct the mistake .

4.0Action Plan (Sequence and time required for major activity)

Name of
Planned Planned
S. No. Details of activity Responsible Team
Start date Finish date
Members
1 Searching on Planning and it‟s Types 27/5/2021 28/5/2021 ThoratPranjal
2 Collect the information from Manual 27/5/2021 28/5/2021 ThoratPranjal
Collecting extra information form
3 27/5/2021 28/5/2021 ThoratPranjal
Google
Type the collected data in the
4 27/5/2021 28/5/2021 ThoratPranjal
given format

(1)
5.0Resources Required (major resources such as raw material, some machining facility,
software etc.)
S. No. Name of Resource/material Specifications Qty. Remarks
1 WWW.Google.com Wikipedia - -
2 Microsoft-WordPad. Version-2010 - -
3 Manual - - -

Name of Team Members with Roll No.

1) Hire Vaishnavi (31334)
2) Siddiqui Usamuddin (31335)
3) Thorat Pranjal (31336)

(To be evaluated by the Prof. Phulari R. S.)

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(2)
 Annexure ll
Micro-Project Report

“What is Planning, Describe it in Detail Along With its Types in Brief”

1.0 Rationale: An engineer has to work in industry with human capital and machines. Therefore,
managerial skills are essential for enhancing their employability and career growth. This
course is therefore designed to provide the basic concepts in management principles, safety
aspects and Industrial Acts

2.0 Aims/Benefits of the Micro-Project:

This Micro-Project aims at:
 Prepare a report and Collect the information about planning and its types in brief.

3.0Course Outcomes Achieved

1) Research about planning and it‟s types.
2) Collect the information form reference book .
3) Mark out the important information for planning.
4) Extra information is collected from Google .
5) After collecting the information we prepare a report .
6) After preparing the report we have look on it and correct the mistake .

4.0 Actual Methodology Followed:

Introduction
Definition of Planning:
 According to Koontz and O‟Donnell “Planning is deciding in advance what to do, how to
do it, when to do it and who is to do it. It bridges the gap from where we are and to
Where we want to go. It is in essence the exercise of foresight”
 According to M.S. Hardly “Planning is deciding in advance what is to be done. It
Involves the selection of objectives, policies, procedures and programs from among
Alternatives.
 Haying and Massie define “Planning is that function of the manager in which he decides
in advance what he will do. It is a decision-making process of a special kind. It is an
intellectual process in which creative mind and imagination are essential”.

(3)
What is Planning?
Every person whether in business or not has framed a number of plans during his life. The plan
period may be short or long. Planning is the first most important primary function of
management. It has been said that well plan is half done. It involves thinking ahead and getting
ready for the future. It resolves in advance what should be done. It is awareness of future course
of action. Planning is achieving the objectives and choosing a course of action to achieve those
objectivesPlanning involves conviction of specific objectives, programs, setting policies.
Strategies, rules and procedures and preparing budgets. Planning is a function which isExecuted
by managers at all levels-top, middle and supervisory. Planning provides clear sense of direction
to the activities of the organization and jobBehavior of managers and others. Planning is an
attempt to forecast the future in order to achieve better performance. Supervisor or foreman is
concerned with the direct supervision of the workers by Planning and executing activities given
by top management Planning safe working conditions are responsibilities of all which include
supervisors, workers, managers, top level managers. However, customers can not be a part of it.In
an organization the supervisors usually make short term plans while top level manager makes
long term plans. Short term plans are mostly useful for small offices, managing group of
employees, work teams, workshops etc. Short term plans are always flexible and can change as
per the available conditions. Also, the operational plans are based on past performance of
organization and less uncertain/flexible. Supervisors are internally focused in planning activity.
While top level managers are externally focused on the planning. Planning may get failed if there
is sudden change in technology, narrow focus, Ignorance of historical data, ignoring competitors
etc.
Importance of Planning:
Planning is very important in all types of organization whether business orNonbusiness, private or
public, small or large. The organization which thinks much ahead about what it can do in future is
likely to as compared to one which fails to do so. Planning is important because of the following
reasons.
1. Primacy of planning: Planning is the first and foremost function of management, other
functions follow planning. What is not planned cannot be organized and controlled. Planning
establishes the objectives and all other functions are performed to achieve the objectives set by
the planning process.
2. To minimize risk and uncertainty: The organization continuously interacts with the external
dynamic environment where there is great amount of risk and uncertainty. Planning helps the
manager to cope up with and prepare for changing environment. Manager can reduce the risk and
uncertainty by using rational and fact-based procedure for making decisions.

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3. To focus attention on objectives: Planning focuses on organizational objectives and direction
of action for achieving these objectives. It helps managers to apply and coordinate all resources of
the organization effectively in achieving the objectives. The whole organization is forced to
embrace identical goals and collaborate in achieving
4. To facilitate control: Planning sets the goals and develops plans to achieve them. These goals
and plans become the standards or benchmarks against which the actual Performance can be
measured. Control involves the measurement of actual Performance, comparing it with the
standards and initiating corrective action if there is Deviation. Control ensures that the activity
confirm to plans. Hence control can be Exercised if there are plans.
5. To increase organizational effectiveness: Effectiveness implies that the organization is able to
achieve its objectives within the given resources. The resources are put in a way which ensures
maximum contribution to the organizational objectives. Effectiveness leads to success.

Types of Planning:
1.Corporate and Functional Planning
2.Strategic, Tactical and Operational Planning
3.Long and Short Term Planning
4.Proactive and Reactive Planning
5.Formal and Informal Planning

1. Coporate and Functional Planning:

Corporate planning: The planning activities at the corporate level which cover the entire
organizational Activities are called corporate planning. The focus in corporate planning is to
determine long term objectives as a whole and to generate plans to achieve these objectives
bearing in mind the probable changes in dynamic environment. Corporate planning is the basis
for functional planning.
Functional planning: It is derived from corporate planning. It is undertaken for each major
function of the Organization like production, marketing, finance etc. As functional planning is
derived out of corporate planning, it contributes to the Corporate planning.
2. Strategic, Tactical and Operational Planning:
Strategic Planning: Strategic planning is a process in which the top management determines its
vision for the future and identify the goals and objectives for the organization. It sets the
directions in which the organization wants to proceedinfuture. Strategic planning involves a time
span of more than one year and for most of the organization it ranges from the next 3 and 5 years.
It takes into account all the external factors, strengths and weaknesses, risks etc. makes a long
term policy for the organization. Examples of strategic planning may be diversification of
business into new lines, new products, and planned grown rate in sales etc.

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Tactical planning: It is an extension of strategic planning Tactical plans is created for all levels
of organization. It is concerned with the integration of various organizational units. It involves
how the resources should be used to achieve the strategic goals.
Operational planning: This planning is done by lower level management. It is concerned with
day to day operations of the organization. It is detailed and specific and usually based on past
experiences. It covers functional aspects like finance, production human resources, etc. The time
span for operational planning is less than one year. The examples of operational planning may be
adjustment of production within available capacity, increasing the efficiency of the operating
activity by analyzing past performance.
3. Long and ShortTerm planning:
The long Term Planning: It is strategic in nature and involves more than one year period and
can extend to 15 to 20 years or so.
Short Term Planning: It usually covers one year. Short term plans are made with reference
toLong term plans because short term plans contribute to long term plans.
4. Proactive and Reactive Planning:
Proactive Planning: It is an open system approach and hence it is affected by environmental
factors keep on changing continuously. The organization‟s response to these changes differs. On
these responses planning may be proactive and reactive. Proactive planning involves designing
suitable courses of action in anticipation of Changes of environment. Managers adopting
proactive changes do not wait for environment to change, but take action in advance of
environmental changes. For this, continuous scanning of environment is necessary.
Reactive Planning: In reactive planning response comes after environmental changes take place.
By the time organization responds to change in environment there may be further change in
environment. Hence this type of planning is suitable in the environment which is fairly stable
over a long period of time.
5. Formal and informal planning:
Formal Planning: Large organizations undertake planning in a formal way. Generally a separate
corporate planning cell is formed at higher level. The cell is staffed by people of different
backgrounds like engineers, economists, statisticians etc., depending upon the nature. The cell
continuously monitors the environment. When environment shows some change, the cell analyses
the environment and suggest suitable measures to take the advantage of theChanging
environment. This type of planning is rational, systematic, regular and wellDocumented and
called formal planning.
Informal planning:Informal planning is undertaken generally by small organizations. This
planning process is based on manager‟s experience, intuitions rather than based on systematic
evaluation of environmental changes. This planning process is part of manager‟s regular activity
and is suitable for small Organization.

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5.0Actual Resources Used (Mention the actual resources used)
S. No. Name of Resource/material Specifications Qty. Remarks
1 WWW.Google.com Wikipedia - -

2 Microsoft-WordPad. Version-2010 - -

3 Reference book Manual - -

6.0 Outputs of the Micro-Projects

We have study about detailed Planning and its types in brief.
7.0 Skill Developed / Learning outcomes of this Micro-Project
1) We have to developed group discussion skills.
2) We have also developed leadership quality.
3) We learned about Planning and it‟s type.
4) We have learnt how to study and take information from Google or reference book.
8.0Applications of this Micro-Project
The planning process provides the information top management needs to make effective decisions
about how to allocate the resources in a way that will enable the organization to reach its
objectives. Productivity is maximized and resources are not wasted on projects with little chance
of success.

(Prof. Phulari R. S.)

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