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    The document describes an experiment to determine the mechanical properties of a material under tensile loading using a universal testing machine. Load and extension data was collected from which a stress-strain curve was plotted. Key properties like proportional limit, modulus of elasticity, yield point, ultimate strength and fracture point were determined from the curve.

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    The document describes an experiment to determine the mechanical properties of a material under tensile loading using a universal testing machine. Load and extension data was collected from which a stress-strain curve was plotted. Key properties like proportional limit, modulus of elasticity, yield point, ultimate strength and fracture point were determined from the curve.

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    The document describes an experiment to determine the mechanical properties of a material under tensile loading using a universal testing machine. Load and extension data was collected from which a stress-strain curve was plotted. Key properties like proportional limit, modulus of elasticity, yield point, ultimate strength and fracture point were determined from the curve.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    20 views5 pages

    Beton

    Uploaded by

    Alp Yıldırım
    The document describes an experiment to determine the mechanical properties of a material under tensile loading using a universal testing machine. Load and extension data was collected from which a stress-strain curve was plotted. Key properties like proportional limit, modulus of elasticity, yield point, ultimate strength and fracture point were determined from the curve.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 5

    Figure 1. Universal testing machine Figure 2.

    the specimen gauge


    section, necked region and
    fracture point

    4. The Result of The Experiment

    4.1 Data from the experiment


    Load (N) Length (mm) Stress (N/mm2) Strain (mm)
    0 50,00 0 0
    6.310 50,01 40,99052 0,0002
    12.600 50,02 81,85111 0,0004
    18.800 50,03 122,1271 0,0006
    25.100 50,04 163,0526 0,0008
    31.300 50,05 203,3286 0,001
    37.900 50,06 246,203 0,0012
    40.100 50,163 260,4944 0,00326
    41.600 50,433 270,2386 0,00866
    46.200 51,25 300,1207 0,025
    52.400 52,50 340,3967 0,05
    58.500 54,50 380,023 0,09
    68.000 57,50 441,7362 0,15
    59.000 62,50 383,2711 0,25
    67.800 65,50 440,4369 0,31
    65.000 70,00 422,2478 0,4
    65.500 Fracture 425,4959

    Stress - Strain Graph


    500

    450 441,7361686 440,4369446


    422,2478082
    400
    380,0230274 383,2710874
    350 340,3966946
    300 300,1207498
    Stress (Pa)

    270,2385972
    260,4944171
    250 246,2029528
    200 203,32856

    150 163,0526152
    122,1270584
    100
    81,85111359
    50 40,990518
    0 0
    0 0,05 0,1 0,15 0,2 0,25 0,3 0,35 0,4 0,45
    Strain (mm)

    4.2 Results from the data


    As can be clearly seen from the graphic, it goes through several
    stages until the material breaks.
    Figure 3- Stress-Strain Graph
    These stages are :
    1-) Proportional Limit (0.0012 , 246.20)
    2-) Modules of elasticity(E) = (205000 N/mm2)
    3-) Yield Point ( 0.0087 , 270.26)
    4-) Ultimate Strength ( 0.15 , 441.74)
    5-) Rupture Strength (422.248)

    Proportional Limit
    The highest stress where stress is directly proportional to strain. It is the
    highest strain where the curve on the stress-strain graph is a straight line. The
    proportional limit is equal to the elastic limit for most metals. Also below the
    proportional limit permanent deformation does not occur and the structure
    returns to its original size when the stress is removed.

    Modules of Elasticity
    The elastic deformation that occurs when force is applied to the material
    enables us to find the "Modulus of Elasticity", also known as "Young's
    Modulus". It is denoted by "E". Elasticity Module; It is obtained by the ratio of
    the stress applied to the material to the strain caused by the applied stress. The
    higher the modulus of elasticity of a material, the higher the plastic force it can
    withstand without permanent deformation or the lower the elastic elongation
    rate. The Unit of Elasticity Module and Young's Module is N / mm² or Mpa.
    Elasticity Module is a material specific property.
    Yield Point
    As the force increases while the material is pulled, the lengthening will
    increase. But a point is reached that in a certain place even if the force does not
    increase, the elongation of the material continues. This point is called the yield
    point. It the material has elastically deformed until it reaches the point. So the
    force on the material when removed, the material will be able to recover. But
    after this point, the material becomes plastic shape has been changed and will
    not be able to be restored even if the force on it is removed. Therefore the
    strength limit of materials is expressed by the yield stress.
    Ultimate Strength
    The point that separates the strain hardening region and the necking region is
    the ultimate strength for that material. At this point, the maximum amount of
    strain hardening has taken place. The material is handling the highest amount of
    load it can handle safely. Ultimate strength is, therefore, a crucial point to be
    considered on the stress-strain curve. It shows the maximum amount of stress a
    material can bear before failure.
    Rupture Strength
    As can be understood from the graphic, it is the point where the strength of
    the material is broken. It is also called breaking point or breaking stress.
    Stress-Strain Curve
    Stress-strain curve is widely used in many engineering disciplines. Using
    this graph, it can be determined how the material will react at different load
    sizes. The most important thing this graphic provides is that it gives security
    data. For example, we can reach information about when a material to be used
    will break or malfunction.

    5. Discussion of The Results


    In this experiment, we mounted our sample on both sides of the universal
    testing machine. After the experiment started, we observed data such as how
    much the specimen was deformed and where it broke etc. with precision
    measuring cameras connected to the computer. The differences between the
    specimen length before the test started and the length after the test were
    examined. We drew the stress strain graph with the help of these values. We can
    look at the tensile strength relationship between the obtained data and theoretical
    values.
    Many engineers want the material to be used to have high tensile strength.
    Because there are great forces such as earthquake load, water load, wind load
    that affect the buildings they will build.
    6.References
    https://gradeup.co/metal-property-strain-study-notes-for-civil-engineering-i-
    f6f93b30-7e7d-11e7-acd8-95295e46bd9d
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_testing_machine
    https://www.wintess.com/blog-modulus-of-elasticity-of-a-membrane/

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