Activity No. 1 Microscopy Part 2

St.
Paul University Surigao

St. Paul University System
8400 Surigao City, Philippines
Name: __________________________________ Date: _____________________________

Course & Year: ___________________________ Professor: _________________________
MICROSCOPY
Activity No. 1 (Part 2)
I. Learning Outcomes:
At the end of the activity the students should be able to:
1. describe the different types of microscopes in terms of their uses;
2. name and give the functions of the basic parts of the compound light microscope; and
3. calculate the total magnification for both low- and high-power lens systems.
II. Microscopy
Because biological objects can be very small, we often use a microscope to view
them. Many kinds of instruments, ranging from the hand lens to the electron microscope,
are effective
magnifying devices.
Types of Microscopes and Their Uses

There are several different types of microscopes and each of them solves unique
problems. Below you will find information on the five different types of microscopes along with
the applications for each microscope and just who might use each instrument. Below each
description of the microscope and its use is an image that was captured using that microscope.
Stereo Microscopes
Stereo microscopes are used to look at a variety of
samples that you would be able to hold in your hand. A stereo
microscope provides a 3D image or "stereo" image and
typically will provide magnification between 10x - 40x. The
stereo microscope is used in manufacturing, quality control,
coin collecting, science, for high school dissection projects, and
botany. A stereo microscope typically provides both
transmitted and reflected illumination and can be used to view
a sample that will not allow light to pass through it.
The following are samples often viewed under a stereo

microscope: coins, flowers, insects, plastic or metal parts,
printed circuit boards, fabric weaves, frog anatomy, and wires.
A compound microscope may also be referred to as

a biological microscope. Compound microscopes are used in
laboratories, schools, wastewater treatment plants, veterinary
offices, and for histology and pathology. The samples viewed
under a compound microscope must be prepared on
a microscope slide using a cover slip to flatten the sample.
Students will often view prepared slides under the microscope
to save time by eliminating the slide preparation process.
The compound microscope can be used to view a
variety of samples, some of which include blood cells, cheek
cells, parasites, bacteria, algae, tissue, and thin sections of
organs. Compound microscopes are used to view samples that
cannot be seen with the naked eye. The magnification of a
compound microscope is most commonly 40x, 100x, 400x, and
sometimes 1000x.
St. Paul University Surigao
Inverted microscopes are available as biological

inverted microscopes or metallurgical inverted microscopes.
Biological inverted microscopes provide magnification of 40x,
100x and sometimes 200x and 400x. These biological inverted
microscopes are used to view living samples that are in a petri
dish. An inverted microscope allows the user to place the petri
dish on a flat stage, with the objective lenses housed beneath
the stage. Inverted microscopes are used for in-vitro
fertilization, live cell imaging, developmental biology, cell
biology, neuroscience, and microbiology. Inverted
microscopes are often used in research to analyze and study
tissues and cells, and in particular living cells.
Metallurgical inverted microscopes are used to
examine large parts at high magnification for fractures or faults.
They are like biological inverted microscope in the
magnification provided, but one primary difference is that the
samples are not placed in a petri dish, but rather a smooth side
of the sample must be prepared so it can lay flat on the stage.
Metallurgical microscopes are high power microscopes

designed to view samples that do not allow light to pass
through them. Reflected light shines down through the
objective lenses providing magnification of 50x, 100x, 200x,
and sometimes 500x. Metallurgical microscopes are utilized to
examine micron level cracks in metals, very thin layers of
coatings such as paint, and grain sizing.
Metallurgical microscopes are utilized in the aerospace
industry, the automobile manufacturing industry, and by
companies analyzing metallic structures, composites, glass,
wood, ceramics, polymers, and liquid crystals.
Polarizing microscopes use polarized light along with

transmitted and, or reflected illumination to examine
chemicals, rocks, and minerals. Polarizing microscopes are
utilized by geologists, petrologists, chemists, and the
pharmaceutical industry daily.
All polarizing microscopes have both a polarizer and an
analyzer. The polarizer will only allow certain light waves to
pass through it. The analyzer determines the amount of light
and direction of light that will illuminate the sample. The
polarizer basically focuses different wavelengths of light onto
a single plane. This function makes the microscope perfect for
viewing birefringent materials.
St. Paul University Surigao
Complete the table:
Types of Field it is use Samples viewed

Microscopes
III. Conclusion

Activity No. 1 Microscopy Part 2

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St.

Paul University Surigao

Name: ______ Date: _

Types of Microscopes and Their Uses

The following are samples often viewed under a stereo

A compound microscope may also be referred to as

Inverted microscopes are available as biological

Metallurgical microscopes are high power microscopes

Polarizing microscopes use polarized light along with

Complete the table:

Types of Field it is use Samples viewed

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