Mathematics 9

Quarter 3
Self-Learning Module 11
Similarity of Triangles
Mathematics Grade 9
Quarter 3 – Self-Learning Module 11: Similarity of Triangles
First Edition, 2020

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Mathematics 9
Quarter 3
Self-Learning Module 11
Similarity of Triangles
Introductory Message

For the Facilitator:

Welcome to the Mathematics Grade 9 Self-Learning Module on Similarity of
Triangles!

This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and

reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.
This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely: Communication,
Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the self-learning module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this self-
learning module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing
them to manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and
assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the self-learning module.
 For the Learner:

Welcome to the Mathematics Grade 9 Self-Learning Module on Similarity of

Triangles!
This self-learning module was designed to provide you with fun and
meaningful opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and
time. You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being
an active learner.

This self-learning module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills

that you will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson

at hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts

and skills that you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and

application of the lesson.

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the

lesson.

Posttest - This measures how much you have learned from the
entire module.
 EXPECTATIONS
1. Define similar triangles.
2. Prove conditions on AA, SAS, and SSS similarity theorems.

PRETEST

Directions: Answer the following questions correctly. Write only the letter of the
correct answer on your paper.
1. Which of the following statements proves that two triangles are similar?
A. Corresponding angles are congruent.
B. Corresponding sides are proportional.
C. Corresponding angles are congruent, and the corresponding sides are
congruent.
D. Corresponding angles are congruent, and the corresponding sides are
proportional.

2. What triangle similarity theorem states that “If two sides of one triangle are
proportional to the corresponding two sides of another triangle and their
corresponding included angles are congruent, then the two triangles are similar”?
A. AAA C. SAS
B. ASA D. SSS

3. What triangle similarity theorem states that “If three sides of one triangle are
proportional to the corresponding three sides of another triangle, then the two
triangles are similar”?
A. AAA C. SAS
B. ASA D. SSS

4. Which triangle similarity proves that ∆SHA ~ ∆PRA?

A. AA Similarity Theorem C. SAS Similarity Theorem
B. ASA Similarity Theorem D. SSS Similarity Theorem

𝐺𝑂 𝑂𝐷
5. If ∆GOD ~ ∆MAN by SAS Similarity such that = , which angles must
𝑀𝐴 𝐴𝑁

necessarily be congruent?
A. ∠G and ∠A C. ∠O and ∠A
B. ∠G and ∠M D. ∠O and ∠M
 RECAP

COMPLETE ME!!!

Direction. Given that SINE ~ MATH, complete the following:

SI
1. ∠H ≅ __________ 4. = __________
SE

AT
2. ∠S ≅ __________ 5. = __________
TH

3. ∠T ≅ __________

When do we say that the two polygons are similar? _______________________________

LESSON

Informally, two triangles that have same shape but not necessarily the same
size are called similar triangles. Consider the two triangles below.

In the two triangles, ∠A ≅ ∠D, ∠B ≅ ∠E, and ∠C ≅ ∠F, and their corresponding
𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐶 𝐵𝐶
sides are proportional, that is = = . Triangle ABC is said to be similar to
𝐷𝐸 𝐷𝐹 𝐸𝐹

triangle DEF, in symbols, ∆ABC ~ ∆DEF.

SIMILAR TRIANGLES

Two triangles are similar if and only if the corresponding angles are congruent
and the corresponding sides are proportional.
SIMILARITY THEOREMS

Similarity between triangles is simpler than similarity between other polygons.

Two triangles can be proven similar even if the two requirements just studied do not
hold. The following theorems will be useful to prove the similarity of triangles.

The AA Similarity Theorem

If two angles of a triangle are congruent to the two angles of the second
triangle respectively, then the two triangles are similar.

Given: ∠𝐴 ≅ ∠𝑋
∠𝐵 ≅ ∠𝑌
∠𝐶 ≅ ∠𝑍
Prove: ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 ≅ ∆𝑋𝑌𝑍

STATEMENTS REASONS
1. Construct ̅̅̅̅
𝑃𝑄 through 𝑋𝑌̅̅̅̅ and 𝑌𝑍
̅̅̅̅ 1. By Construction
̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅
respectively such that 𝑋𝑃 ≅ 𝐴𝐵 and
̅̅̅̅
𝑋𝑄 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐶 .
2. ∠𝐴 ≅ ∠𝑋 2. Given
∠𝐵 ≅ ∠𝑌
∠𝐶 ≅ ∠𝑍
3. ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 ≅ ∆𝑋𝑃𝑄 3. SAS Congruent Theorem
4. ∠𝐵 ≅ ∠1 4. By CPCTC
∠𝐶 ≅ ∠2
5. ∠𝑌 ≅ ∠1 5. By Substitution
6. ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅
𝑃𝑄 ∥ 𝑋𝑌 6. If corresponding angles of two lines
cut by a transversal are congruent then
the two lines are parallel.

7.
𝑋𝑃
=
𝑋𝑄 7. Basic Proportionality Theorem
𝑋𝑌 𝑋𝑍

8.
𝐴𝐵
=
𝐴𝐶 8. By Substitution
𝑋𝑌 𝑋𝑍

9. Construct 𝑅𝑆̅̅̅̅ through ̅̅̅̅

𝑋𝑌 and 𝑌𝑍̅̅̅̅ 9. By Construction
̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅
respectively such that 𝑌𝑅 ≅ 𝐵𝐴 and
̅̅̅̅
𝑌𝑆 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐵𝐶 .
10. SAS Congruent Theorem
10. ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 ≅ ∆𝑅𝑌𝑆
11. CPCTC
11. ∠𝐴 ≅ ∠𝑅
12. By Substitution
12. ∠𝐶 ≅ ∠𝑆
∠𝑋 ≅ ∠𝑅
∠𝑍 ≅ ∠𝑆
 13. ̅̅̅̅
𝑅𝑆 ∥ ̅̅̅̅
𝑋𝑍 13. If corresponding angles of two lines
cut by a transversal are congruent then
the two lines are parallel.

𝑅𝑌 𝑆𝑌
14. = 14. Basic Proportionality Theorem
𝑋𝑌 𝑍𝑌
𝐵𝐴 𝐵𝐶
15. = 15. By Substitution
𝑋𝑌 𝑌𝑍
𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐶 𝐵𝐶
16. = = 16. By Substitution
𝑋𝑌 𝑋𝑍 𝑌𝑍

17. ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 ≅ ∆𝑅𝑌𝑆 17. Definition of Similar Triangles

The SAS Similarity Theorem

If two pairs of corresponding sides of two triangles are proportional and the
included angles are congruent then the two triangles are similar.

𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐶
Given: =
𝑃𝑄 𝑃𝑅

∠𝐴 ≅ ∠𝑃
Prove: ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 ≅ ∆𝑃𝑄𝑅

STATEMENTS REASONS
1. Construct 𝑆𝑇 ̅̅̅̅ from PQ and PR 1. By Construction
respectively such that ̅̅̅̅
𝑃𝑆 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐵 and
̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅
𝑃𝑇 and 𝐴𝐶 .
2. Given
2. ∠𝐴 ≅ ∠𝑃
3. SAS Congruence Theorem
3. ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 ≅ ∆𝑃𝑆𝑇
4.
𝐴𝐵
=
𝐴𝐶 4. Given
𝑃𝑄 𝑃𝑅

5.
𝑃𝑆
=
𝑃𝑇 5. By Substitution
𝑃𝑄 𝑃𝑅

6. ̅̅
𝑆𝑇̅̅ ∥ ̅̅̅̅
𝑄𝑅 6. Converse of Basic Proportionality
Theorem

7. Corresponding angles of parallel lines

7. ∠𝑃𝑆𝑇 ≅ ∠𝑃𝑄𝑅
cut by a transversal are congruent.
∠𝑃𝑇𝑆 ≅ ∠𝑃𝑅𝑄
8. AA Postulate
8. ∆𝑃𝑆𝑇 ≅ ∆𝑃𝑄𝑅
9. ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 ≅ ∆𝑃𝑄𝑅 9. By Substitution
EXAMPLE:

𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐶
Given: = and m∠A ≅ m∠D
𝐷𝐸 𝐷𝐹

Prove: ∆ABC ~ ∆DEF

Statements Reasons
̅̅̅̅ , let DP = AB
1. On 𝐷𝐸 1. Point-Plotting Theorem

2. Definition of Congruent Segments

2. ̅̅̅̅
𝐷𝑃 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐵
3. Through a given point, there is exactly one line
̅̅̅̅ ∥ EF
3. Draw PQ ̅̅̅̅ through P parallel to a given line.

4. Similarity of Triangles
4. ∆DPQ ~ ∆DEF
5. Definition of Similar Triangles
𝐷𝑃 𝐷𝑄
5. =
𝐷𝐸 𝐷𝐹 6. Given
𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐶
6. = 7. Substitution Law
𝐷𝐸 𝐷𝐹
𝐷𝑃 𝐴𝐶
7. = 8. Transitive Property of Equality
𝐷𝐸 𝐷𝐹
𝐷𝑄 𝐴𝐶
8. = 9. Multiplication Property of Equality
𝐷𝐹 𝐷𝐹

9. DQ = AC 10. Definition of Congruent Segments

10. ̅̅̅̅
DQ = ̅̅̅̅
AC 11. Given
11. ∠A ≅ ∠D 12. SAS Postulate
12. ∆ABC ≅ ∆DPQ 13. Congruent triangles are similar triangles
13. ∆ABC ~ ∆DPQ
14. Triangles similar to the same triangles are
14. ∆ABC ~ ∆DEF similar.
 The SSS Similarity Theorem
If the corresponding sides of two triangles are proportional, then the two
triangles are similar.

𝐴𝐶 𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐶
Given: = =
𝐷𝐹 𝐷𝐸 𝐸𝐹

Prove: ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶~∆𝐷𝐸𝐹

STATEMENTS REASONS
1. Segment Construction Postulate
1. Suppose AB < DE.
There is a point X on ̅̅̅̅𝐷𝐸 such that
DX = AB.
̅̅̅̅ ∥ ̅̅̅̅
2. Through X, draw 𝑋𝑌 𝐸𝑅 2. Parallel Postulate
3. ∠1 ≅ ∠𝐸 3. PCA Postulate
4. ∠𝐷 ≅ ∠𝐷 4. RPC
5. ∆𝐷𝑋𝑌~∆𝐷𝐸𝐹 5. AA Similarity Postulate
𝐷𝑋 𝐷𝑌 𝑋𝑌 6. Definition of Similarity Postulate
6. = =
𝐷𝐸 𝐷𝐹 𝐸𝐹
𝐴𝐶 𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐶
7. = = 7. Given
𝐷𝐹 𝐷𝐸 𝐸𝐹
8.
𝐴𝐵
=
𝐷𝑌
=
𝑋𝑌 8. Substitution (1 and 6)
𝐷𝐸 𝐷𝐹 𝐸𝐹
9. Substitution (7 and 8)
9.AC = DY; XY = BC
10. SSS Postulate
10. ∆𝐷𝑋𝑌~∆𝐷𝐸𝐹
11. CPCTC
11. ∠𝐴 ≅ ∠𝐷; ∠𝐵 ≅ ∠1
12. TPC
12. ∠𝐵 ≅ ∠𝐸
13. AA Similarity Postulate
13. ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶~∆𝐷𝐸𝐹

EXAMPLE:

𝑃𝑅 𝑃𝑁 𝑅𝑁
Given: ∆PNR ↔ ∆MST; = =
𝑀𝑇 𝑀𝑆 𝑇𝑆

Prove: ∆PRN ~ ∆MTS

Proof: Let X and Y be points of PR and PN

̅̅̅̅ ≅ MT
such that PX ̅̅̅̅ and PY
̅̅̅̅ ≅ MS
̅̅̅̅.
 Statements Reasons
1. Let X be a point on ̅̅̅̅
PR such that 1. Segment Measurement Postulate
PX = MT.
̅̅̅̅ ∥ ̅̅̅̅
2. Draw 𝑋𝑌 𝑅𝑁 2. Parallel Line Postulate
3. ∠PXY ≅ ∠PRN 3. Corresponding angles of parallel lines
cut by a transversal are congruent.
∠PYX ≅ ∠PNR
4. ∆PXY ~ ∆PRN 4. AA Similarity
𝑃𝑅 𝑃𝑁 𝑅𝑁
5. = = 5. Definition of Similar Triangles
𝑃𝑋 𝑃𝑌 𝑋𝑌
𝑃𝑅 𝑃𝑁 𝑅𝑁
6. = = 6. Substitution
𝑀𝑇 𝑃𝑌 𝑇𝑆
𝑃𝑅 𝑃𝑁 𝑅𝑁
7. = = 7. Given
𝑀𝑇 𝑀𝑆 𝑇𝑆
𝑃𝑋 𝑃𝑌 𝑅𝑁
8. = = 8. Simplification of statements
𝑀𝑇 𝑀𝑆 𝑇𝑆

9. ∆PXY ~ ∆MTS 9. Definition of Similar Triangles

10. ∴ ∆PRN ~ ∆MTS 10. Transitivity

ACTIVITIES

ACTIVITY 1: LET’S PRACTICE!

Directions: Complete the following, write your answers on the space provided.

Given: ∠𝑀 ≅ ∠𝑁

Prove: ∆𝐷𝐴𝑀 ≅ ∆𝐹𝐴𝑁

STATEMENTS REASONS
∠𝑀 ≅ ∠𝑁 1. _________________________
∠1 ≅ ∠2 2. _________________________
3. _________________________ AA Similarity Theorem
ACTIVITY 2: KEEP PRACTICING!
Directions: Complete the following, write your answers on the space provided.

Given: ̅̅̅̅
AB ∥ ̅̅̅̅
𝐷𝐸

Prove: ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 ≅ ∆𝐸𝐷𝐶

STATEMENTS REASONS

Given
1. _________________________

If two lines are cut by transversals, the

alternate interior angles are congruent.
2. _________________________

∠1 ≅ ∠2
3. _________________________

∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 ≅ ∆𝐸𝐷𝐶
4. _________________________

ACTIVITY 3: TEST YOURSELF!

Direction: Prove the given condition using a two-column proof.

̅̅̅̅ ∥ 𝐷𝐸
1. Given: 𝐴𝐵 ̅̅̅̅

𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐶
Prove: =
𝐸𝐷 𝐷𝐶
 WRAP–UP

Remember that…

Similar Triangles – triangles are similar if and only if their corresponding angles are
congruent and their corresponding sides are proportional.

AA Similarity Theorem - If two angles of a triangle are congruent to the two angles
of the second triangle respectively, then the two triangles are similar.

SAS Similarity Theorem - If two pairs of corresponding sides of two triangles are
proportional and the included angles are congruent then the two triangles are
similar.

SSS Similarity Theorem - If the corresponding sides of two triangles are

proportional then the two triangles are similar.

VALUING

REFLECTION: (Journal Writing)

Writing geometric proof is a struggle for most students, but it is a training

that could prove helpful in your life. As you travel the roadways of life, you may
encounter problems, difficulties, grief, or broken relationships. How do you deal with
these things? Whom do you ask for assistance – God, friends, parents, or other loved
ones?

POSTTEST

Directions: Answer the following questions correctly. Write only the letter of the
correct answer on your paper.

1. What triangle similarity theorem states that “If two angles of a triangle are
congruent to the two angles of the second triangle respectively, then the two
triangles are similar”?
A. AA C. SAS
B. ASA D. SSS
2. What similarity theorem is evident in the given figure on the right?
A. AA C. SAS
B. ASA D. SSS

3. The triangles on the right are similar. Which of the following gives the correct
statement of proportionality?
𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐶 𝐵𝐶 𝐴𝐶 𝐴𝐵 𝐶𝐵
A. = = C. = =
𝐷𝐸 𝐷𝐹 𝐸𝐹 𝐷𝐸 𝐷𝐹 𝐸𝐹
𝐷𝐹 𝐴𝐵 𝐸𝐹 𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐶 𝐸𝐹
B. = = D. = =
𝐵𝐶 𝐷𝐸 𝐴𝐶 𝐷𝐹 𝐷𝐸 𝐸𝐶

4. Use the figure at the right, find the length of side DS given that the two triangles
are similar.
A. 22 C. 65
B. 31 D. 77

5. Given that ∆PNU ~ ∆DWC, find the perimeter of ∆DWC.

A. 9 C. 12
B. 10 D. 14
MODULE 11
PRETEST
1. D 2. C 3. D 4. B 5. C
RECAP
𝑀𝐴 𝐼𝑁
1. E 2. M 3. N 4. 5.
𝑀𝐻 𝑁𝐸
POSTTEST
1. A 2. A 3. D 4. C 5. D
ACTIVITY 1: LET’S PRACTICE!
1. Given 2. Vertical angles are congruent 3. ∆𝐷𝐴𝑀 ≅ ∆𝐹𝐴𝑁
ACTIVITY 2: KEEP PRACTICING!
1. AB ̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅ ∥ 𝐷𝐸 2. ∠𝐴 ≅ ∠𝐸 3. Vertical angles are congruent
4. AA Similarity Theorem
ACTIVITY 3: TEST YOURSELF!
STATEMENTS REASONS
̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐵 ∥ 𝐷𝐸̅̅̅̅ Given
∠𝐵 ≅ ∠𝐷 Alternate Interior angles are ≅
∠𝐵𝐶𝐴 ≅ ∠𝐷𝐶𝐸 Vertical Angles are ≅
∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 ≅ ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 AA Similarity Theorem
𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐶 Corresponding sides of similar
=
𝐸𝐷 𝐷𝐶 triangles are proportional
KEY TO CORRECTION
 References

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