Ethics Activity

Activity 1
Name: Vea Janelle DC. Rodriguez Score: ___________________

Course/Year/Section: BS Archi 2-E Date: March 11, 2022
Directions:Read the following statements carefully. Identify what is being

described in the statement and write your answers on the space provided
before the number.
Personal Dilemmas 1. These are moral dilemmas that are experienced and resolved
on the individual level.
Morality 2. It speaks of code or system of behavior in regards to standards
of right or wrong behavior.
Moral Dilemmas 3. Type of dilemmas involved situations in which a difficult
choice has to be made between two courses of action, either of which entails
transgressing a moral principle.
Ethics 4. The branch of philosophy that studies morality or the
rightness or wrong of human conduct.
2nd Level Dilemmas 5.Type of dilemmas involved situations in which a difficult
Non-Moral Standards 6. These are rules that are unrelated to moral or ethical
considerations.
Human Being 7. Only they can possess or practice values such as love, honor,
social relationships, forgiveness, compassion, and altruism.
Structural Dilemmas 8. These refer to cases involving network or institutions and
operative theoretical paradigms.
Organizational Dilemmas 9. These refer to ethical cases encountered and resolved
by social
organizations.
Robot 10. This cannot be said to be moral for it has no freedom or
choice but to work according to what is commanded based on its built-in
program.
True 11. Ethics is considered as a normative study of human actions
for it is concerned with norms of human conduct.
True 12. Rules generate a stable system that provides justice, in which
even the richest and most powerful have limitations on what they can do.
False 13. Non-normal standards are not the only rules or principles in
society, but they take precedence over other considerations, including
aesthetic, prudential, and even legal ones.
True 14. Morality requires and allows choice, which means the right to
choose even differently from our fellows.
True 15. Most philosophers hold that unlike animals, human beings
possess some traits that make it possible for them to be moral.
True 16. Dealing with human actions and reasons for action, ethics is
also concerned with character.
False 17. The word ‘ethics’ is derived from Latin ethos, which means
‘character’, or, in plural, ‘manners’.
True 18. Moral dilemmas arise even in professional work.
True 19. Copyright and patents help protect people’s intellectual
property.
False 20. Basic examples of moral standards include rules of etiquette,
fashion standards, rules in games, and various house rules.
Activity 2
Directions: Answer the given question base on your existing knowledge

about the lesson.
Pick four from the following topics and identify four arguments, two for in
favor and two for opposing. In two paragraphs, write down your own
opinion about the chosen topic.
1. universal health care

2. free education
3. lowering of the age for juvenile law
4. animal rights
5. the Facebook dilemma
I’m in favor for animal rights and universal health care. First in animal rights because
people always have option how to treat animals without harming them specially the
pets like dogs and cats who mostly being harm. Second is about the universal health
care specifically to those health workers having a dilemmas between their job to
help peoples or securing their family to be away on the possible threat in being
infected. That is a hard decision for them, sacrificing their family or quiting their
sworn job.
I’m oppose to the facebook dilemma and to lowering of the age for juvenile law. First
is the spreading of fake news is one of the dilemma in facebook thw choices are keep
the information what you’ve read or the video that you watch or share this to
everyone. This is not that difficult honetly there’s a way for us to know what are the
true and fake before we spread it to social media. Second is the lowering of the age
for juvenile law. I’m oppose to this because mostly the victim of this are those who
are poor. This poor children who didn’t go to school, who did’nt get an advice and
didn’t have a guidance from their parents that’s why they are not aware what is right
or wrong because they are lack in guidance.
Activity 3
Directions:Answer the following questions concisely.
1. Differentiate the three levels of Moral Dilemma. Site an example.
INDIVIDUAL DILEMMA
Hit and Run
Late one night you are driving home in a bad rainstorm. A drunk reels out in front of
your car and you try to stop, but hit him. Nobody sees you. The guy looks and smells
as if he is homeless. You check to see how badly he is hurt and realize he is dead. You
have never even had a speeding ticket and are an upright, professional, with a family
and are well-known and respected in your community. Do you make a report
anonymously, confess your crime, or drive on home and forget about it, knowing no
one is going to pursue the death of a homeless drunk?
ORGANIZATIONAL DILEMMA
Office Thief
You are in charge of the petty cash at the office. However, a co-worker is responsible
for making a weekly trip to the bank to make the business deposit and obtain petty
cash for the following week. In a conversation with your mutual supervisor, you are
asked if the increase in the petty cash amount was enough. You, however, have not
seen any additional money. You realize your co-worker has been pocketing the
additional money. Do you tell your supervisor you have neither asked for nor
received any additional petty cash and that you suspect your co-worker is pocketing
the money? Or Say nothing and just wait to see what happens
STRUCTURAL DILEMMA
Universal Health Care. Locally applied, it is called “Kalusugan Pangkalahatan”
It is the provision to every Filipino of the highest possible quality of health care that
is accessible, efficient, equitably distributed, adequately funded, fairly financed, and
appropriately used by an informed and empowered public.
“Kalusugan Pangkalahatan”, as a government mandate, aims to ensure that every

Filipino shall receive affordable and quality health benefits by (ideally) providing
adequate resources – health human resources, health facilities, and health financing.
Nonetheless, health financing is first and foremost a big issue here. Government
could set aside bigger budget for health for the implementation of this provision. But
then, this would mean cutting down allocations on other sectors (such as education
or public works.).
2. Think of personal dilemma that you’ve encountered before and write
down the details.
In my experience when I was enrolling for senior high school. I have 2 choices, school
A is my dream school since elementary my mom also what that school for me since
then. and school B is only my last option. I want to take (STEM) Science, Technology,
Engineering and Mathematics because I’m planning to take BS Civil Engineering but it
turns out that there’s a certain qualification for stem and I’m not qualified. ABM is
my only choice to enrolled in that school but in School B I can take STEM but I did’nt
really like to go in to that. So I’m torn between the two Either getting my dream
school but taking different strand, or taking STEM in the school that I don’t want.
3.What is moral dilemma? Cite an example.
A moral dilemma is also called an ethical dilemma and refers to a situation where an
individual needs to make a choice but faces a conflicting situation between one or
more alternatives. Ideally, the choice they make presents a dilemma because every
available option may be wrong or incorrect.
Example Sarcastic Friend

Your friend has a great sense of humour. However, sometimes his jokes involve
making fun of others in inappropriate ways. He will point out a physical flaw or look
for something odd or different about a person and make an unkind comment. You
feel uncomfortable when your friend does this. Do you say something or just laugh
along with him?
Activity 4

before the number.
Personal Dilemma 1. These are moral dilemmas that are experienced and resolved
on the individual level.
Morality 2. It speaks of code or system of behavior in regards to standards
of right or wrong behavior.
_____________3. Type of dilemmas involved situations in which a difficult
Ethics 4. The branch of philosophy that studies morality or the
rightness or wrong of human conduct.
Rules 5. These tell us what is or is not allowed in a particular context or
situation.
Non-Moral Standards 6. These are rules that are unrelated to moral or ethical
considerations.
Human Being 7. Only they can possess or practice values such as love, honor,
social relationships, forgiveness, compassion, and altruism.
Structural Dilemmas 8. These refer to cases involving network or institutions and
operative theoretical paradigms.
Organizational Dilemmas 9. These refer to ethical cases encountered and resolved
by social
organizations.
Robot 10. This cannot be said to be moral for it has no freedom or
choice but to work according to what is commanded based on its built-in
program.
Activity 5

before the number.
Descriptive Ethics 1. What people actually believes to be right or wrong.
Normative Ethics 2. It discusses how people can decide on what is morally
correct.
Meta Ethics 3. It questions the meaning of goodness, ethics and morality
including how people can know what is true or false.
Applied Ethics 4. It is the application of ethical theories in different public and
private matters.
________________5. It focuses on one’s character and benevolence
________________6. It focuses on the consequences of an action.
Non Maleficence 7. It is the acknowledgement that every person has the right to
make choices and to hold views.
Beneficence 8. It refers to the acts of kindness, compassion and generosity.
Non Maleficence 9. It is the avoidance of any unjustifiable and unnecessary
harm.
Justice 10. It is the distribution of resources equally and fairly.
________________11. It is the capacity to see the interconnectedness of things
and the logic behind the processes involved.
Justice 12. It is the principle of detaching oneself from any form of
bias and prejudice in order to come up with an objective.
Ethics 13. It is the branch of philosophy that deals with questions and
standards of what is right and what is wrong.
Culture 14. It determines what is acceptable and unacceptable

behaviors.
Freedom 15. It is the absence of necessity, coercion or constraint in
choice or action.
Activity 6
Directions:Elaborate the Thomas Beauchamp and James Childress “The Four

Principles”, site an example.
THE FOUR PRINCIPLES
1. Respect for Autonomy

It is a norm that obliges us to respect the decisions (self-determination) of adults
who have decision-making capacity.
Example:
The principle of respect for autonomy is usually associated with allowing or enabling
patients to make their own decisions about which health care interventions they will
or will not receive. ... It distracts attention from other important aspects of and
challenges to autonomy in health care.
2. Beneficence
It is the promotion of doing as much goodness as possible refers
to the acts of kindness, compassion and generosity.
Example:
Nurses generally see patients as a whole and think in terms of long-term outcomes
for patients. Since beneficence is centered on doing good for the patient, the
difficulty with this principle often lies in defining what good means to the patient.
3. Non-maleficence
It is the avoidance of any unjustifiable and unnecessary harm
Example:
Stopping any medication that is shown to be harmful or refusing to provide
treatment to a patient which has not been proven to be effective in trials.
4. Justice
Which means the distribution of resources equally and fairl
Example:
Someone being set free from prison after dna evidence shows they are innocent.
The balanced and equitable administration of law. The definition of justice is the use
of power as appointed by law, honor or standards to support fair treatment and due
reward.
Activity 7
Directions:Differentiate the Four Branches of Ethics and site an example.
1. Descriptive Ethics
It is the thing that individuals really accept to be correct or wrong and it thinks
about various moral standards utilized in over a wide span of time.
Example:
Examples might be acting selflessly to help others in an emergency, or the Boy Scout
leading an elderly person across the street.
2. Normative Ethics
It is the thing that individuals should do, a prescriptive
morals and it talks about how individuals can settle on what is ethically right
you have three segments of Normative morals this are Virtue Ethics which is
centers around one's character and kindness, second parts are Deontology it
is obligation morals or all out objective and good absolutism and in
conclusion is, Consequentialism it is centers around the outcomes of an
Activity.
Example:
We should do to others what we would want others to do to us. Since I do not want
my neighbor to steal my car, then it is wrong for me to steal her car.
3. Meta Ethics
It doubts the significance of goodness, morals and
profound quality including how individuals can realize what is valid or
bogus and ultimately is.
Example:
An example of metaethics would be a statement, like “Abortion is wrong.”.
Metaethics digs deeper into why this claim has been made, why it is wrong, what
were the circumstances that led to this statement, etc. Furthermore, it delves into
the meaning of the moral term and the evidence in its favor or against it.
4. Applied Ethics
It is the utilization of moral
hypotheses in various open and private issues like medication, business and
so on.
Example:
The bioethics community is concerned with identifying the correct approach to
moral issues in the life sciences, such as euthanasia, the allocation of scarce health
resources, or the use of human embryos in research.
Activity 8

before the number.
Culture 1. It is shared and learned patterned of behaviors, interactions

and values of a group of people.
Cultural Relativism 2. It is the attitude that views a society’s culture within the
context of the society’s problems and opportunities.
Filipino Values 3. Filipino people regard others with dignity and respect.
Filipno Character 4. Filipinos possess a genuine and deep love for family.
Filipino Personality 5. Filipinos have fun and cheerful approach to the ups and
downs of life.
Kanya Kanya Syndrome 6. It is the tendency that every Filipino has to be superficial
and even somewhat flighty.
Autonomy 7. It is the acknowledgement that every person has the right to
make choices and to hold views.
Colonial Mentality 8. Filipinos lacks of patriotism and active awareness.
Personalism 9. This manifest in the tendency to give personal
interpretations to actions.
Filipino Respnsibility 10. Filipinos will take two or three jobs in order to feed their
families.
Activity 9
Directions: State the Filipino Moral Character Strengths and Weaknesses.
FILIPINO MORAL CHARACTER STRENGTHS

1. Pakikipagkapwa-tao. – basic sense of justice and fairness.
2. Family orientation. – source of personal identity, emotional and material
support and.
3. Joy and Humor.
4. Flexibility, adaptability and creativity.
5. Hard work and industry.
6. Faith and religiosity.
7. Ability to survive
FILIPINO MORAL CHARACTER WEAKNESSES
8. Extreme Personalism.
9. Extreme Family Centeredness.
10. Lack of Discipline : relaxed attitude but poor time management.
11. Passivity and Lack of Initiative : strong reliance to others fate.
12. Colonial Mentality : Patriotism vs Active awareness.
13. Kanya Kanya Syndrome
14. Emphasis of porma rather that substance
Activity 10
Directions: Answer the questions concisely.
1. Elaborate Cultural Relativism Advantages and Dangers by siting

more examples.
Cultural Relativism Advantages

1. It is a system which promotes cooperation.
2. It creates a society where equality is possible.
3. People can pursue a genuine interest.
4. Respect is encouraged in a system of cultural relativism.
5. It preserves human cultures.
6. Cultural relativism creates a society without judgment.
7. Moral relativism can be excluded from cultural relativism.
8. It stops cultural conditioning.
Cultural Relativism Dangers

9. It creates a system that is fueled by personal bias.
10. It would create chaos.
11. It is an idea that is based on the perfection of humanity.
12. t could promote a lack of diversity.
13. It draws people away from one another.
14. It could limit moral progress.
Activity 11
Directions: Answer the following questions concisely.
1. Plot the stages of your life according to the six stages of moral
development of Lawrence Kohlberg’. Include personal illustrations
and identify where you are now in your moral development
Stage 1 Obedience and Punishment

In this stage my age was 9 years old and below studying at elementary my decesions
are always depend on my elder in house or even in school I’ll follow what they say
because of the consenquences align with every wrong action I made.
Stage 2 Individualism and Exchange
At this point I’m already in my adolecence who finally learned to decide on my own.
I already know how to depend my choices and decision to pursue my passion but I
also know my limitation.
Stage 3 Good Interpersonal Relationship

At this stage circle of friend are the big factor, I don’t usually socialize to others I
have few friend so I think I’m not that much affected in this stage of my life. I have
my own decision , I always choose what I want over what they want. I have my own
priorities.
Stage 4 Maintaining the Social Order

This stage are the usual scenario that every grown person would do. This is were I
already mature enough to do what is right according to the society and by the law.
The good example is when I always use facemask and faceshield even it didn’t
required in the place because I know it is not nly for me but also for the safety of the
everyone around me.
Stage 5 Social Contruct and Individual Right

I learn to stand what I believe in like in the abortion here in the Philippines it stated
that Abortion remains illegal in the Philippines under all circumstances and is highly
stigmatized. While a liberal interpretation of the law could exempt abortion
provision from criminal liability when done to save the woman’s life, there are no
such explicit provisions. But my stand to this is otherwise, I know that the child have
the right to live normally after being born but there are cases that most of the time
the child also suffer for the wrong doing of their parents. Yes abortion is against
human right but in some cases it is better to do.
Stage 6 The Universal Principles
2. Summarize the Three (3) levels of Moral Development including the

six (6) stages of Lawrence Kohlberg’s Moral DevI think I haven’t reach this stage, but
I know someday it comes when I’m in the middle age. When I have my own family or
company to manage.
elopment.
o Lawrence Kohlberg expanded on the earlier work of cognitive theorist Jean

Piaget to explain the moral development of children, which he believed follows
a series of stages.
o Kohlberg defined three levels of moral development: preconventional,
conventional, and postconventional. Each level has two distinct stages.
o During the preconventional level, a child’s sense of morality is externally
controlled. Children accept and believe the rules of authority figures, such as
parents and teachers, and they judge an action based on its consequences.
o During the conventional level, an individual’s sense of morality is tied to
personal and societal relationships. Children continue to accept the rules of
authority figures, but this is now because they believe that this is necessary to
ensure positive relationships and societal order.
o During the postconventional level, a person’s sense of morality is defined in
terms of more abstract principles and values. People now believe that some
laws are unjust and should be changed or eliminated.
o Kohlberg’s theory has been criticized for its cultural and gendered bias toward
white, upper-class men and boys. It also fails to account for inconsistencies
within moral judgments.
o
Activity 12
Directions: Read the given articles by following the links (URL). You may
download them directly by clicking the links.
1. When is Impartiality is Morally Appropriate by Brad Hooker.

a. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/289934847_Wh
en_Is_Impartiality_Morally_Appropriate
2. Impartiality: Its Nature and Application by Ellen Marie Maccarone.

a. http://etd.fcla.edu/UF/UFE0006632/maccarone_e.pdf
After reading the articles, let us find out how well you comprehend the
lesson. State the most important facts you derived from those materials and
list down at least 10 Definition of Terms.
Impartiality is Morally Appropriate by Brad Hooker

1. Impartiality - Impartial application of good moral rules
2. Impartiality - Impartial benevolence as the direct guide to decisions about what
to do
3. Impartiality - Impartial assesment of moral rules
4. The autocentric approach - is meant to contrast sharply not only with pure
impartialism but also with
5. Self/other asymmetry - Benefits to the agent of an action don’t add moral
value; benefits to others do.
6. Benevolence - is a kind act or gift or the doing of kind things for others.
7. Morality - principles concerning the distinction between right and wrong or
good and bad behavior.
8. Oxfam - a UK-based organization that works to help people who
are extremely poor and suffering by, among other
things, collecting old clothes and other unwanted things and selling them
at low prices in special shops
9. Utilitarianism - the system of thought that states that
the best action or decision in a particular situation is the one
that brings most advantages to the most people
10. Hedonic - connected with feelings of pleasure
Impartiality: Its Nature and Application by Ellen Marie Maccarone
1. Partialist - one that is partial to one side

2. Consequencialist - he view that the value of an action derives solely from the
value of its consequences
3. Deontological theories - (derived from the Greek word for duty, deon) base
morality on certain duties, or obligations, and claim that certain actions are
intrinsically right or wrong, that is, right or wrong in themselves, regardless of the
consequences that may follow from those actions
4. Antagonistic - actively opposing or showing unfriendliness towards something or
someone
5. Perfectionism - Perfectionism is one of the leading moral views of the Western
tradition, defended by Plato, Aristotle, Aquinas, Leibniz, Hegel, Marx, Nietzsche, and
Green.
6. Egoism - an ethical theory that treats self-interest as the foundation of morality.
7. Common Sense - good sense and sound judgment in practical matters.
8. Agent Relative - agent-relative reason is one that cannot be fully specified
without pronominal back-reference to the person for whom it is a reason.
9. Agent Neutral - Agentneutral reasons are those that apply to anyone in a
situation, regardless of any special relation-ship to the individuals or other elements
involved.
10. Elitist - relating to or supporting the view that a society or system should be led
by an elite.
Activity 13
Directions:Answer the following questions.
1. Give any situation concerning Reasoning, elaborate your answer?

Jonathan believes that it would not be fair to the owners to take their money and
short them through drinks because they are not rich and flaunting their money. Jon
is obeying the rules, but only because the owners are not crude. This shows that Jon
understands that rules are relative. It may be inquired that Jonathan believes that
the owners are good people who deserves to be treated fairly since they are not rich
scum bastards, which could be Jon’s own interpretation of law. This shows that
Jonathon is basing his decision on societal rules rather than self interest, which is
also why he is not stealing or shorting the owners.
2. Give any situation concerning Impartiality, elaborate your answer?
Partiality is defined as a fondness or a bias towards something or someone. If you
prefer chocolate ice cream to vanilla, this is an example of when you have a partiality
for chocolate.
3. The difference between Impartiality and Reasoning?

The difference between reason and impartiality is, reason is subjective and
impartiality is objective.Reason talks about how we think in our mind in a specific
situation, it is subjective because we, peoplehave different kind of perspective in life
and different beliefs that lead to judgement and wronginterpretation. However,
impartiality tackles about fairness of everyone. It is objective because it needs
acriteria that everyone has a right and equal opportunity and reasons
Activity 14
Directions. Read the following statements carefully. Identify what is being

before the number.
Virtue 1. This refers to an excellence of moral or intellectual

character.
Theory of Forms 2. The theory that is central to Plato’s philosophy.
Nicomachean Ethics 3. This has been regarded as the Ethics of Aristotle since the
beginning of the Christian Era.
Theological Virtue 4. According to Aquinas, these virtues are concerned directly
with God and provide us with true knowledge and desire of
God and of His will.
Aquinas 5. The philosopher who believes that all actions are directed
towards ends and that happiness is the final end.
Self Realization 6. For Aristotle, this is a state of character manifested in choice
and action, resting in the golden mean, resolved by the
prescription that a wise person would determine.
Phronesis 7. Aristotle regards this as that kind of moral knowledge which
guides us to what is appropriate in conjunction with moral
value.
Temperance 8. This is the mean between gluttony (excess) and extreme
frugality (deficiency).
Gorgias 9. In this dialogue written by Plato, Socrates indicates that
pleasure and pain fail to provide an objective standard for
determining moral from immoral since they do not exist apart
from one another, while good and evil do.
Happiness 10. Aristotle considers this as the summun-bonum–the greatest
good of all human life.
Activity 15
Direction: Enumerate the following items given inside the box below.
1-3 Basic Moral Virtues (Aristotle)

1. courage
2. temperance
3. liberality
4-5 Two kinds of virtues (Aristotle)
4. Intellectual Virtue
5. Moral Virtue
Activity 16
Direction: Answer or explain the following items below.
1. Explain the Greek word or belief “telos”.
Telos or( "end, 'purpose', or 'goal") is a term used by philosopher Aristotle to refer to
the full potential or inherent purpose or objective of a person or thing, similar to the
notion of an 'end goal' or 'raison d'être
2. Explain the quotation of Aristotle, “For all things that have a function or
activity, the good and the well is thought to reside in the function”.
Aristotle teaches that each man's life has a purpose and that the function of one's
life is to attain that purpose. ... According to Aristotle, human beings have a natural
desire and capacity to know and understand the truth, to pursue moral excellence,
and to instantiate their ideals in the world through action
3.Explain The Golden Mean
This is known as Virtue Ethics. It places the emphasis on high character and not on
duty or seeking good consequences. So, true courage would be a balance between
too much courage, recklessness, and too little courage, cowardice. A person is
courageous out of practice rather than duty or to produce some desired effect. The
Golden Mean is a means of assisting a person in practicing good character as they
strive to make it second nature.
Activity 17
Directions: Differentiate the Four Types of Laws of St. Thomas Aquinas and
give examples.
Eternal Law
The natural law is “the rational creature’s participation in the eternal law.”
"It is evident that all things partake somewhat of the eternal law, in so far as,
namely, from its being imprinted on them... Wherefore it (human nature) has a
share of the Eternal Reason, whereby it has a natural inclination to its proper act and
end: and this participation of the eternal law in the rational creature is called the
natural law."
Divine Law
The divine law refers to Special Revelation -- the will of God as revealed in the
Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments. This law was necessary for four reasons:
(1) humans need explicit divine guidance on how to perform proper acts; (2)
uncertainty of human judgment needs a check; (3) humans need divine insight on
issues on which they are not competent to judge; and (4) it proves that God will
punish some deeds that even go beyond the ability of human law to punish.
Human Law
The human law refers to “the more particular determinations of certain matters
devised by human reason.”
Natural Law
Natural Law is a moral theory of jurisprudence, which maintains that law should be
based on morality and ethics. Natural Law holds that the law is based on what’s
“correct.” Natural Law is “discovered” by humans through the use of reason and
choosing between good and evil. Therefore, Natural Law finds its power in
discovering certain universal standards in morality and ethics.
Activity 18
Directions: Watch the given video by following the links (URL). You may
download them directly by clicking the links.
Natural Law Theory: Crash Course Philosophy

a. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r_UfYY7aWKo
After watching the video, let us find out how well you comprehend the
lesson. State the most important facts you derived from the materials.
NATURAL LAW THEORY: CRASH COURSE PHILOSOPHY
Natural law is insufficient for human beatitude and salvation. Thomas Aquinas is
really clear about this. He teaches that natural law is not enough. A human person
can never erase natural law from his heart, but he can mitigate its force in his life.
And even if a human person followed natural law perfectly, he would not attain to
Heaven, because sanctifying grace is needed to enter the Beatific Vision (vision of
God). So then, God gave “Divine Law” in the form of the Old Testament but perfectly
in the New Testament
Activity 19
Directions: Answer the following questions concisely.
1. How can we achieve happiness?

How to find happiness within yourself Stop chasing happiness. Many people connect
happiness to the achievement of certain goals or aspirations. Remove your own
barriers to happiness. Practice looking inwards. Build your self-esteem. Be present.
Take time to appreciate yourself.
2. How can we become virtuous?

One becomes virtuous by living an ethical life, following a moral code which respects
others, treats others with kindness and compassion, and is not engaging in corrupt,
criminal or malicious actions.
A virtuous person will have high principles of conduct, language and communication.
They will be honest, honourable, trustworthy, decent and pure in spirit.
3. Based on Same-sex marriage topic, write at least 2 pages of comparative

report of Aristotelian’s Nicomachean Ethics and St, Thomas Natural Law.
Answer whether Aristotle and Aquinas allow same-sex marriage? Explain
why will they promote or against the idea.
“Men agree that the good is happiness, but differ as to what this is.” In The
Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle explains many ways in which people can reach
happiness and fulfill their function. And with these statements, in my opinion,
Aristotle would agree that the right for homosexuals to be legally married would
allow them to fulfill their function and reach full potential of happiness. “Happiness
is believed to be the most desirable thing in the world,”
Scripture’s opening proclaims that: “God created man in the image of himself, in the
image of God he created him. Male and female he created them. God blessed them
and said to them, ‘Be fruitful, multiply and fill the earth and conquer it’” It is obvious
to everyone that the male and female human bodies complement one another
sexually, and possess together the power to regenerate human life. It is equally
obvious that no such complementarity, or regenerative power, exists between
bodies of the same sex.
The natural law also mandates that sexual intercourse take place exclusively
between a husband and wife within a stable, monogamous state of marriage. This is
seen from the fact that the human newborn is the most helpless and most
dependent of all newborn animal life.
Activity 20

1. What are the importance of Human Rights? Site an example

Human rights are important because they reflect the minimum standards necessary
for people to live with dignity. Human rights give people the right to choose how
they want to live, how to express themselves and what kind of government they
want to support, among other things.Best example here in the Philiines there are ma
many LGBTQ are out in their closet even the other didn’t favor their choises and
belief they s1till have freedom to choose and do what they want.
2. What are the difference between Moral Rights and Legal Rights? Site
an example.
Human rights are the universal rights any human being can enjoy while moral rights
are the rights that are accorded according to the ethics or moral code, and legal
rights are the rights formulated by the state or government for the privilege of its
citizens
An example of a legal right is the right to vote of citizens.
Example of moral right is our name should always appear next to your artwork in an
exhibition.
Activity 21

1. Explain the Basic Principles of Utilitarianism.
a. Pleasure or Happiness Is the Only Thing That Truly Has Intrinsic Value.
Utilitarianism gets its name from the term "utility," which in this context does not
mean "useful" but, rather, means pleasure or happiness. To say that something has
intrinsic value means that it is simply good in itself.
b. Actions Are Right Insofar as They Promote Happiness, Wrong Insofar as They
Produce Unhappiness.
This principle is controversial. It makes utilitarianism a form of consequentialism
since it says that the morality of an action is decided by its consequences. The more
happiness is produced among those affected by the action, the better the action is.
c. Everyone's Happiness Counts Equally.

This may strike you as a rather obvious moral principle. But when it was put forward
by Bentham (in the form, "everyone to count for one; no-one for more than one") it
was quite radical. Two hundred years ago, it was a commonly held view that some
lives, and the happiness they contained, were simply more important and valuable
than others.
2. Elaborate the Impact of Utilitarianism in Law, Politics, Economics.

Site an examples.
Law
The utilitarian theory of the justification of punishment stands in opposition to the
“retributive” theory, according to which punishment is intended to make the
criminal “pay” for his crime. According to the utilitarian, the rationale of punishment
is entirely to prevent further crime by either reforming the criminal or protecting
society from him and to deter others from crime through fear of punishment.
Politics
Utilitarians have supported democracy as a way of making the interest of
government coincide with the general interest; they have argued for the greatest
individual liberty compatible with an equal liberty for others on the ground that
individuals are generally the best judges of their own welfare; and they have
believed in the possibility and desirability of progressive social change through
peaceful political processes.
Economics
The Utilitarians provided the psychological framework that economists, even today,
seem reluctant to move away from. They also inspired many ideas in economics,
such as welfare economics. Of no less importance is the contribution that Utilitarians
gave to the philosophy of morality.
3. Explain the nature of Utilitarianism?

Utilitarianism is an effort to provide an answer to the practical question “What ought
a person to do?” The answer is that a person ought to act so as to maximize
happiness or pleasure and to minimize unhappiness or pain.

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Activity 1

Name: Vea Janelle DC. Rodriguez Score: ___________________

Directions:Read the following statements carefully. Identify what is being

Directions: Answer the given question base on your existing knowledge

1. universal health care

Directions:Answer the following questions concisely.

1. Differentiate the three levels of Moral Dilemma. Site an example.

“Kalusugan Pangkalahatan”, as a government mandate, aims to ensure that every

3.What is moral dilemma? Cite an example.

Example Sarcastic Friend

Directions:Read the following statements carefully. Identify what is being

Directions:Read the following statements carefully. Identify what is being

Culture 14. It determines what is acceptable and unacceptable

Directions:Elaborate the Thomas Beauchamp and James Childress “The Four

THE FOUR PRINCIPLES

1. Respect for Autonomy

Directions:Differentiate the Four Branches of Ethics and site an example.

Directions:Read the following statements carefully. Identify what is being

Culture 1. It is shared and learned patterned of behaviors, interactions

Directions: State the Filipino Moral Character Strengths and Weaknesses.

FILIPINO MORAL CHARACTER STRENGTHS

Directions: Answer the questions concisely.

1. Elaborate Cultural Relativism Advantages and Dangers by siting

Cultural Relativism Advantages

Cultural Relativism Dangers

Directions: Answer the following questions concisely.

Stage 1 Obedience and Punishment

Stage 3 Good Interpersonal Relationship

Stage 4 Maintaining the Social Order

Stage 5 Social Contruct and Individual Right

Stage 6 The Universal Principles

2. Summarize the Three (3) levels of Moral Development including the

o Lawrence Kohlberg expanded on the earlier work of cognitive theorist Jean

1. When is Impartiality is Morally Appropriate by Brad Hooker.

2. Impartiality: Its Nature and Application by Ellen Marie Maccarone.

Impartiality is Morally Appropriate by Brad Hooker

Impartiality: Its Nature and Application by Ellen Marie Maccarone

1. Partialist - one that is partial to one side

Directions:Answer the following questions.

1. Give any situation concerning Reasoning, elaborate your answer?

3. The difference between Impartiality and Reasoning?

Directions. Read the following statements carefully. Identify what is being

Virtue 1. This refers to an excellence of moral or intellectual

1-3 Basic Moral Virtues (Aristotle)

Direction: Answer or explain the following items below.

1. Explain the Greek word or belief “telos”.

3.Explain The Golden Mean

Natural Law Theory: Crash Course Philosophy

Directions: Answer the following questions concisely.

1. How can we achieve happiness?

2. How can we become virtuous?

3. Based on Same-sex marriage topic, write at least 2 pages of comparative

Name: Vea Janelle DC. Rodriguez Score: ___________________

Direction: Answer or explain the following items below.

1. What are the importance of Human Rights? Site an example

Name: Vea Janelle DC. Rodriguez Score: ___________________

Direction: Answer or explain the following items below.

1. Explain the Basic Principles of Utilitarianism.

c. Everyone's Happiness Counts Equally.