ME 101: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering

Lecture: 6
Steam Generator

Md. Ashiqur Rahman

Assistant Professor, ME, BUET
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ME 101: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering

LAST CLASS
 Water Tube Boilers

 Babcock and Wilcox Boiler:

 Features, Construction, Working Principle

(Flow of flue gas and circulation of water)

 Comparison between WTB and FTB

 Boiler Efficiency, Steam Properties

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ME 101: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering

TODAY’S LEARNING OBJECTIVES

 Boiler Specification

 Boiler System

 Boiler Mountings

 Boiler Accessories

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ME 101: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering

BOILER SYSTEM

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ME 101: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering

BOILER SYSTEM

o There are many types of accessory or auxiliary equipment

that could be required in the operational boiler system.

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ME 101: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering

BOILER SYSTEM
o Some of the equipment is to improve overall system efficiency,
some to protect the boiler and system from corrosion, and
some to reduce the problem of scale from building-up in the
boiler.
o However, not every piece of equipment is required in every
installation
o Heat Recovery Equipment: Economizer (flue gas heat
recovery system), Blowdown heat recovery or flash tank heat
exchangers, Super-heater, Air-pre-heater etc.
o Feed-water System: Deaerator, Surge tank,
o Fresh Water & Water Treatment equipment: Water Filter and
conditioner, water softener, Chemical feeder
o Ventilation system: Air intake, Chimney etc.

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ME 101: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering

BOILER SPECIFICATIONS
Following points should be considered to specify a
boiler:

1. Type of the boiler

a) Fire tube or water tube
b) Stationary or portable boiler

2. Pressure: At the pressure steam to be delivered

3. Quality of steam: Whether the steam is superheated? If so,

the outlet temperature should be stated.

4. Capacity: The amount of steam generated be given in

tons/hr.
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ME 101: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering

BOILER SPECIFICATIONS

5. Auxiliary heating devices: Whether different accessories

such as superheater, economizer, etc., are fitted in the
boiler

6. Fuel: Type of fuel to be used

7. Water holding capacity: usually in tons

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ME 101: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering

BOILER MOUNTINGS AND ACCESSORIES

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ME 101: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering

BOILER MOUNTINGS AND ACCESSORIES

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ME 101: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering

BOILER MOUNTINGS
o Different fittings and devices necessary for the operation
and safety of a boiler are called Boiler Mountings.
o Are generally mounted over the boiler shell.

1. Water level indicator 7. Low water alarms

2. Pressure gauges 8. Man and mud-holes
3. Pressure relief valves 9. Fusible Plug
4. Steam stop valve
5. Feed check valve
6. Blow-down/blow off cock

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ME 101: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering

BOILER MOUNTINGS
Pressure Gauge:
 To record the pressure at which
steam is generated in the boiler.

Fusible Plug:
 Used to extinguish fire in the event of water level in the boiler shell
falling below a certain specified limit
 It is installed below boiler’s water level
 When the water level in the shell falls below the top of the plug the
steam cannot keep it cool and the fusible metal melts due to over-
heating and allows shell water to pass through extinguish the
furnace fire.
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ME 101: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering

BOILER MOUNTINGS
Pressure Relief Valve:

o The pressure relief valve is used in a

boiler to relieve the pressure of steam
when it is above the working pressure.

o It is also called the safety valve.

o Its function is to discharge a portion of the

steam from the boiler automatically when
the steam pressure exceeds the normal
limit. It is mounted on the top of the shell.

o As per boiler regulation, two safety valves

are required to be fitted in each boiler.
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ME 101: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering

BOILER MOUNTINGS
Feed Check Valve:

 To allow the feed water to pass in to the

boiler

 To prevent the back flow of water from the

boiler in the event of the failure of the feed
pump

Blow-off cock/Blow-down valve:

 To drain out water from the boiler for internal cleaning inspection
or other purposes

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ME 101: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering

BOILER ACCESSORIES
o Auxiliary parts and devices required for the proper and
efficient operation of boilers
o These devices are:

o Superheaters, Economizers, and Air Pre-heaters

o Feed Water Heaters
o Feed Pumps and Injectors
o Draught Production Equipment

o Superheaters, economizers, and air-preheaters utilize the heat of the

furnace gases.
o Feed pumps and injectors are required to force water into the boiler.
o The draught production equipment are required for the proper
combustion of fuel. 15
ME 101: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering

BOILER ACCESSORIES: Super-heater

The function of a super heater is to increase the temperature of
the steam above its saturation point
The super heater is very important accessory of a boiler and can
be used both on fire tube and water tube boilers.

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ME 101: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering

BOILER ACCESSORIES: Super-heater

Advantages of super-heated steam:

 Steam consumption of the engine or turbine is reduced

 Erosion of turbine blade is eliminated

 Efficiency of the steam plant is increased

 Losses due to condensation in the cylinders and the steam

pipes are reduced.

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ME 101: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering

BOILER ACCESSORIES: Economizer

It is a device in which the waste heat of the flue gases is utilized
for heating the feed water

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ME 101: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering

BOILER ACCESSORIES: Air Pre-heater

The function of the air pre-heater

is to increase the temperature of
air before it enters the furnace.
It is placed after the economizer.
Flue gases pass through the
economizer and then to the air
preheater

Air preheater recovers heat from boiler

flue gases which increases the efficiency
of the boiler by reducing heat loss from the
flue gas.
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ME 101: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering

BOILER ACCESSORIES: Feed Pump

Used to deliver feed water to the boiler.
It is desirable that the quantity of water supplied should be at
least equal to that evaporated in the boiler
Can be both Rotary and Reciprocating type

Feed Water System 20

ME 101: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering

BOILER ACCESSORIES: Feed Water Equipment

Water Filter
Water Conditioners

o Boiler feedwater usually contains two harmful dissolved gases: Oxygen and
Carbon Dioxide.
o If the dissolved gases are not removed before entering the boiler, they may
cause severe corrosion in the boiler, which can prove to be very costly.
o The dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide can be removed with chemicals.
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