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MATH 102 Test 3 Solutions

This document contains solutions to 4 questions regarding calculus concepts. Question 1 involves taking derivatives of functions. Question 2 deals with profit functions and finding critical values. Question 3 analyzes the intervals of increase/decrease and concavity of a function. Question 4 finds critical numbers, points of inflection, and sketches the graph of a function.

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Letsile Utlwang
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104 views4 pages

MATH 102 Test 3 Solutions

This document contains solutions to 4 questions regarding calculus concepts. Question 1 involves taking derivatives of functions. Question 2 deals with profit functions and finding critical values. Question 3 analyzes the intervals of increase/decrease and concavity of a function. Question 4 finds critical numbers, points of inflection, and sketches the graph of a function.

Uploaded by

Letsile Utlwang
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Botswana International University of Science and Technology

Faculty of Sciences, Department of Mathematics and Statistical Sciences


Course: Introductory Calculus (MATH 102)
Date: 25/06/2019, Semester 2, Year 2018/2019.

MATH 102 TEST 2 SOLUTIONS

Question 1
1 − x2
(a) y = e .
2
1 d 2
y0 = · (− x2 ) · e−x
2 dx
1 2
= · (−2x ) · e−x [1]
2
2
= − xe−x . [1]

Thus,
d − x2 2 d
y00 = − x (e ) + e− x (− x )
dx dx
2 2
= − x (−2x )(e−x ) + e−x (−1) [1]
− x2 − x2
= 2x2 e −e [1]
− x2
= e (2x2 − 1).

(b) xy + cos y = 4.

dy dy
x + y + (− sin y) = 0 [2]
dx dx
dy
( x − sin y) = −y [1]
dx
dy y
= − . [1]
dx x − sin y

(c) First determine the gradient.

dy dy
2x + 2x + 2y + 8y = 0 [2]
dx dx
dy
(2x + 8y) = −2y − 2x [1]
dx
dy x+y
= − . [1]
dx x + 4y

1

dy 3 1
=− =− . [1]
dx x=2, y=1
6 2

In general, y = mx + c. Thus, given x = 2, y = 1 and m = − 12 we solve for


c to get c = 2. Hence, y = − 21 x + 2 [1]

Question 2
(a)

R( x ) = x · p( x ) [1]
= x (1000 − x ) = 1000x − x2 [1]

(b)

Pr ( x ) = R( x ) − C ( x )
= 1000x − x2 − (3000 + 20x ) [1]
= − x2 + 980x − 3000 [1]

(c) To find maximum value of Pr ( x ), first find P0 ( x ). Note that x ≥ 0.


Pr 0 ( x ) = −2x + 980. We solve Pr 0 ( x ) = 0 to find critical value(s).

Pr 0 ( x ) = −2x + 980 = 0 [1]


−2x = −980 [1]
x = 490. [1]

We use Second derivative test: Pr 00 ( x ) = −2 < 0. Thus profit is maximum


when 490 units are produced and sold. [1]

(d) Pr (490) = −(490)2 + 980(490) − 3000 = 237, 100. Sonny Corp. makes a profit
of P237, 100.00. [1]

(e) The price per unit needed to maximize profit is p = 1000 − 490 = P510. [1]

2
Question 3
(a) Intervals of increase and decrease of f . Critical numbers:
f 0 ( x ) = 0 ⇒ x = 2, −2. Note that f 0 ( x ) is undefined at x = 0, but x = 0
is not a critical number since 0 is not in the domain of f .

Intervals − ∞ < x < −2 −2 < x < 0 0<x<2 2<x<∞


Test values x = −3 x = −1 x=1 x=3
Sign of f 0 + − − +
Result f increase f decrease f decrease f increase
Thus, f is increasing over (−∞, −2) or (2, ∞), and is decreasing over (−2, 0)
or (0, 2). [4]

(b) From (a) the local maximum exist is at x = −2, or (−2, 4) [1] and local
minimum exist at x = 2 or (2, 4). [1]

(c) Intervals of concavity. No Inflection point since x = 0 is not in the domain of


f.

Intervals −∞ < x < 0 0<x<∞


Test values x = −1 x=1
Sign of f 00 − +
Result f is concave down f is concave up
Therefore, f is concave down over (−∞, 0) and concave up over (0, ∞). [4]

Question 4
(a) Critical numbers:
1
h0 ( x ) = 3x2 − 4x + 1 = (3x − 1)( x − 1) = 0 ⇒ x = 1, . [4]
3

(b) h00 ( x ) = 6x − 4. Thus,

h00 (1) = 6(1) − 4 = 2 > 0 : local minimum at x = 1. [3]


   
00 1 1 1
h =6 − 4 = −2 < 0 : local maximum at x = . [3]
3 3 3

(c) Points of inflection:


2
h00 ( x ) = 6x − 4 = 0, x = . [2]
3

Note: x = 2
3 ∈ R which is the domain of h.

3
y
20
(1, −2) x
−4 −2 50
( 13 , − 27 ) 2 4
−20
−40
−60
−80

(d) The graph: [4] −100

Exmple using the mesh parameter

sin(r )
r

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