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    THE Immune Response

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    Marc Company Martínez
    The document discusses the immune response and is divided into several sections. It begins with an introduction to the immune system and its role in protecting organisms. It then describes the innate immune system, including immune sensing through pattern recognition receptors and innate immune cells that identify and eliminate pathogens. The document also covers immunology, different types of immunity, and common disorders of the immune system like immunodeficiencies, autoimmunity, and hypersensitivity.

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    THE Immune Response

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    Marc Company Martínez
    15 views14 pages
    The document discusses the immune response and is divided into several sections. It begins with an introduction to the immune system and its role in protecting organisms. It then describes the innate immune system, including immune sensing through pattern recognition receptors and innate immune cells that identify and eliminate pathogens. The document also covers immunology, different types of immunity, and common disorders of the immune system like immunodeficiencies, autoimmunity, and hypersensitivity.

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    The document discusses the immune response and is divided into several sections. It begins with an introduction to the immune system and its role in protecting organisms. It then describes the innate immune system, including immune sensing through pattern recognition receptors and innate immune cells that identify and eliminate pathogens. The document also covers immunology, different types of immunity, and common disorders of the immune system like immunodeficiencies, autoimmunity, and hypersensitivity.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    15 views14 pages

    THE Immune Response

    Uploaded by

    Marc Company Martínez
    The document discusses the immune response and is divided into several sections. It begins with an introduction to the immune system and its role in protecting organisms. It then describes the innate immune system, including immune sensing through pattern recognition receptors and innate immune cells that identify and eliminate pathogens. The document also covers immunology, different types of immunity, and common disorders of the immune system like immunodeficiencies, autoimmunity, and hypersensitivity.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 14

    THE

    IMMUNE
    RESPONSE

    Marc Company, Paula K. Espinosa 3A


    TABLE OF CONTENTS

    1. Introduction
    2. Innate Immune System
    2.1. Immune sensing
    2.2. Innate immune cells
    3. Immunology
    4. Immunity types
    5. Disorders of Immunitary System
    5.1. Immunodeficiencies
    5.2. Autoimmunity
    5.3. Hypersensitivity
    6. Bibliography
    1. INTRODUCTION
    Network of processes that protects organisms.
    Detects and responds to germs.

    2. INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM


    Microorganisms that enter an organism encounter cells and mechanisms.
    Innate response > microbes identified by PRRs.
    Pathogen recognition receptors, also recognize cells' alarm signals.
    2.1. IMMUNE SENSING
    Cells use recognition receptors to recognize molecular structures
    Proteins expressed by cells > dendritic, macrophages, monocytes,
    neutrophils and epithelial cells
    Two classes of molecules:
    pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)
    damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs)
    2.2. INNATE IMMUNE CELLS
    Leukocytes (white blood cells) are the 2nd arm of the innate immune system.
    Innate leukocytes include the "professional" phagocytes.
    These cells identify and eliminate pathogens.
    3. IMMUNOLOGY
    Covers the medical study of immune systems in:
    humans, animals, plants & sapient spices
    Human & comparative immunology = (NO) = Veterinary & animal biosciences.
    4. IMMUNITY TYPES
    Non - Specific immunity:
    general protection against any type of microbe.
    this function is carried out by skin and macrophages.
    Specific immunity:
    activated when cells recognize a microbe or foreign substance.
    produces specific antibodies to remove or kill the pathogen.
    5. DISORDERS OF IMMUNITARY SYSTEM
    Disrupts in systematic functioning.
    Failures of host defense fall into three categories:
    Immunodeficiencies
    Autoimmunity
    Hypersensitives
    5.1. IMMUNODEFICIENCIES
    Occur when one or more components of the IS are inactive.
    The ability of the IS is to respond is dimished into:
    younger
    elderly pathogens.
    Immune responses begin to decline at 50 years due immunosensecence.
    5.2. AUTOIMMUNITY
    In autoimmune diseases, the IS fails to distinguish between self & non-self and
    attacks part of the body.
    Specialized cells function > eliminate cells that recognize self-antigens.
    Common autoimmune diseases include:
    Hashimoto's thyroiditis
    Diabetes melltius type 1
    5.3. HYPERSENSIVITY
    It is an immune response that damages the body's own tissues.
    It is divided into four classes. (Type I – IV)
    Type I
    Immediate reaction, often associated with allergy.
    It is mediated by IgE.

    Type II
    Occurs when antibodies bind to antigens on the individual's own cells,
    marking them for destruction.
    It Is mediated by IgG and IgM antibodies.

    Type III
    It is triggered by antibody-antigen complexes which attracts
    neutrophils to the site

    Type IV
    Usually takes between two and three days to develop.
    Are involved in many autoimmune and infectious diseases.
    These reactions are mediated by T cells, monocytes, and macrophages.
    6. BIBLIOGRAPHY
    Kidshealth - Immune
    Wikipedia - Immune system
    https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/immune.html
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_system

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