6.4 Hornilla vs. Salunat
6.4 Hornilla vs. Salunat
6.4 Hornilla vs. Salunat
5804, 2003-07-01
Facts:
o An administrative complaint was filed before the IBP against respondent Atty. Ernesto S.
Salunat for illegal and unethical practice and conflict of interest.
o Complainants alleged that respondent is a member of the ASSA Law and Associates,
which was the retained counsel of the Philippine Public School Teachers Association
(PPSTA).
o Respondent's brother, Aurelio S. Salunat, was a member of the PPSTA Board which
approved respondent's engagement as retained counsel of PPSTA.
o Complainants, who are members of the PPSTA, filed an intra-corporate case against its
members of the BOD for the terms 1992-1995 and 1995-1997 before the SEC and a
complaint before the Office of the Ombudsman for unlawful spending and the
undervalued sale of real property of the PPSTA.
o Respondent entered his appearance as counsel for the PPSTA Board members in the said
cases.
o Complainants contend that respondent was guilty of conflict of interest because he was
engaged by the PPSTA, of which complainants were members, and was being paid out of
its corporate funds where complainants have contributed.
o Despite being told by PPSTA members of the said conflict of interest, respondent refused
to withdraw his appearance in the said cases.
o After investigation, the IBP Commissioner recommended that respondent be suspended
from the practice of law for six (6) months and the Board of Governors approved the
report and recommendation of the investigating Commissioner.
o MFR was filed, hence this case.
Issue: can a lawyer engaged by a corporation defend members of the board of the same
corporation in a derivative suit?
NO.
The possibility for conflict of interest here is universally recognized. Although early cases found
joint representation permissible where no conflict of interest was obvious, the emerging rule is
against dual representation in all derivative actions. Outside counsel must thus be retained to
represent one of the defendants. The cases and ethics opinions differ on whether there must be
separate representation from the outset or merely from the time the corporation seeks to take
an active role. Furthermore, this restriction on dual representation should not be waivable by
consent in the usual way; the corporation should be presumptively incapable of giving valid
consent.
The SC held that a lawyer engaged as counsel for a corporation cannot represent members of
the same corporation's board of directors in a derivative suit brought against them. To do so
would be tantamount to representing conflicting interests, which is prohibited by the Code of
Professional Responsibility.
In this jurisdiction, a corporation's board of directors is understood to be that body which (1)
exercises all powers provided for under the Corporation Code; (2) conducts all business of the
corporation; and (3) controls and holds all property of the corporation. Its members have
been characterized as trustees or directors clothed with a fiduciary character. It is clearly
separate and distinct from the corporate entity itself.