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Normal Distribution

Normal Distribution - The normal distribution is a continuous probability distribution that is symmetrical around the mean. It is often depicted as a bell curve. - A normal distribution is determined by its mean and variance. About 68% of values lie within one standard deviation of the mean, 95% within two standard deviations, and 99.7% within three standard deviations. - The standard normal distribution has a mean of 0 and standard deviation of 1. It is used to standardize normal distributions and find probabilities based on the normal curve.

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189 views32 pages

Normal Distribution

Normal Distribution - The normal distribution is a continuous probability distribution that is symmetrical around the mean. It is often depicted as a bell curve. - A normal distribution is determined by its mean and variance. About 68% of values lie within one standard deviation of the mean, 95% within two standard deviations, and 99.7% within three standard deviations. - The standard normal distribution has a mean of 0 and standard deviation of 1. It is used to standardize normal distributions and find probabilities based on the normal curve.

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Normal Distribution

Jonathan C. Borromeo
Bicol University College of Science
Normal Distribution
A continuous probability distribution that is symmetrical on both
sides of the mean, so the right side of the center is a mirror image of
the left side.

Often called the


bell curve because the
graph of its probability
density looks like a bell.
Normal Distribution
Some Properties of a Normal Distribution

• The graph is symmetric about a vertical line through the mean of the
distribution.
• The mean, median, and mode are equal.
• The y-value of each point on the curve is the percent (expressed as
decimal)of the data at the corresponding x-value.
• Areas under the curve that are symmetric about the mean are equal.
• The total area under the curve is 1.
Normal Distribution
A normal distribution is determined by two
parameters the mean and the variance.

Normal distribution is certainly the most


important and the most frequently used
distribution in both the theory and application
of statistics.
Normal Distribution
In general, areas under the normal distribution represent proportions of a
population. For example, about 95% of the population lies within 2
standard deviations of the mean in a normal distribution, so the area under
a normal distribution between
µ − 2σ and µ + 2σ is 0.95.
Standard Normal Distribution
A normal distribution with a mean of 0 and a standard
deviation of 1.
The Empirical Rule
If X is a random variable and has a normal distribution with mean µ and standard deviation σ, then
the Empirical Rule says the following:

• About 68% of the x values lie between


–1σ and +1σ of the mean µ (within one
standard deviation of the mean).

• About 95% of the x values lie between


–2σ and +2σ of the mean µ (within two
standard deviations of the mean).

• About 99.7% of the x values lie between


–3σ and +3σ of the mean µ(within three
standard deviations of the mean).
Standard Normal Distribution
Standard Normal Distribution
Probability Under the Normal Curve
To find the probability that a normal random variable x lies
in the interval from a to b, we need to find the area under the
normal curve between the points a and b.
Probability Under the Normal Curve
Probability Under the Normal Curve
Probability Under the Normal Curve
Probability Under the Normal Curve
Probability Under the Normal Curve

We first standardized the values of the variable x.


Probability Under the Normal Curve
Probability Under the Normal Curve
Probability Under the Normal Curve
Probability Under the Normal Curve
In a span of one month, J&T Express found that the
weights of its 900 parcels were normally distributed,
with a mean weight of 680 grams and a standard
deviation of 170 grams.
1. What proportion of parcels weigh lower than 600.1g?
2. How many parcels weigh higher than 501.5 grams?
3. What percentage of the total parcels weigh between
510g and 899.3g?
4. What weight corresponds to the 45th percentile?
5. The middle 40% of the parcels falls on what weights?
Probability Under the Normal Curve
Probability Under the Normal Curve

1. What proportion of parcels weighs lower than 600.1g?


Probability Under the Normal Curve

2. How many parcels weigh higher than 501.5 grams?


Probability Under the Normal Curve

3. What percentage of the total parcels weigh between 510g and


899.3g?
Probability Under the Normal Curve

4. What weight corresponds to the 45th percentile?


Probability Under the Normal Curve

5. The middle 40% of the parcels falls on what weights?


Probability Under the Normal Curve
A battery manufacturing company produces 50,000 motorcycles batteries
annually. On average, 1.8% of the batteries manufactured have defects. A
random sample of 500 batteries were
selected for quality control.
1. Calculate the mean and the standard deviation of the defective
batteries in the sample.
2. Less than or equal to 7 defective batteries is what proportion of the
sample?
3. What is the probability that more than 10 batteries will have a defect?
4. What is the probability that the number of defective batteries is
between 5 and 12?
Probability Under the Normal Curve

1. Calculate the mean and the standard deviation of the defective


batteries in the sample.
Probability Under the Normal Curve

2. Less than or equal to 7 defective batteries is what proportion of the


sample?
Probability Under the Normal Curve

3. What is the probability that more than 10 batteries will have a defect?
Probability Under the Normal Curve

4. What is the probability that the number of defective batteries is


between 5 and 12?
Thank you.

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