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IMUSUMO Vadzidzi vazhinji vanonetsekana chose kana vafunga zvokuenda kuchikoronezvikonzero

zvakasiyana-siyana zvinosanganisa nguva, mabasa, kushayazvikwanisiro uyevo kugara munzvimbo
dzisina zvikoro. Panguva yose yapfuurakunyange zvazvo hurumende yanga ichibvumira kuti vanhu
vadzidze vasirimuzvikoro panga pasina hurongwa hwakadzama maererano nokubatsirwakwevadzidzi
ava kuwana zvikwanisiro zvokudzidza. Padanho rino Bazi rezvedzidzorakazvipira kuwanisa vadzidzi ava
magwaro avanogona kudzidza nawo vari posezvapo pavanenge vari kunyange vari kure nevadzidzisi.
Kunyange zvichiitasepfungwa itsva isina kujairika tinoda kuti mubatisise kuti urongwa nerongetedzoiri
mugwaro iri inotendera kuti vadzidzi vasangane nevadzidzisi vavo nenguva irikure chose asi
vachikwanisa kushandisa muunganidzwa wezvidzidzo zviri mugwaroiri pakudzidza kwavachaita. Gwaro
rino rine zvitsauko makumi maviri nezvishanuzvakanyorwa nenyanzvi shanu dzichiita mukomberanwa.
Vose vaiuya nounyanzvihwakasiyana-siyana asi hwakapamhamha zvinogona kubatsira mudzidzi
wedu.Sezvamuchaona chitsauko choga choga chinonodira mune chimwe kubvirapahwaro kusvika
padenga. Izvi zvichaita kuti mudzidzi wedu pakupedzisiraawane unyanzvi hwose hunodiwa pakunyora
bvunzo. Zvakakoshawo kuti muzivekuti muunganidzwa wezvidzidzo uyu wakagadzirwa pachishandiswa
bumbiroreChiShona renyika. Zvidzidzo izvi zvakarongwa sokuteverana kwazvakaitamubumbiro
rezvidzidzo reChiShona. Gwaro iri richanyanya kutarisa unyanzvihuna hunoti: kutaura, kuteerera,
kunyora nekuverenga uhwo hunotarisirwa kutimudzidzi abude nahwo pakudzidza mutauro weChiShona.
Zvichataridza sokutizvitsauko zvose zvichange zviine misoro yakada kufanana asi
mukunyatsotarisazvakajeka kuti pachitsauko choga choga pane unyanzvi hutsva hunenge
hwavakutariswa nevanyori uhwo hunobatsira vadzidzi kuti vagokwanisa kunyora bvunzodzavo
vachibudirira. Sezvataurwa pakutanga gwaro rino rinogona kushandiswanemunhu anoda kudzidza
nenguva pfupi asi zvisingarevi kuti rakaita musiyapaduku.Rakanyanyawo kunakira munhu anozvidzidzira
ari oga. Tinoda kuvimba kutivachashandisa gwaro iri pakudzidza kwavo vachabatsirika zvikuru.

IINhendoMapazi ePrimary, Secondary and Non Formal Education (PSNE) nereCurriculumDevelopment

and Technical Services (CDTS) ari chikamu cheMinistry of Primary andSecondary Education vanopa
kutenda kuvadzidzisi vakuru vanoti:Mutambiranwa Tamburike wepaMarikopo Secondary
School,Moreblessing Muchemwa wepaVainona High School,Lister Matsilele wepaChingele Secondary
School,Mazvita E. Nyadutu wepaOdzi High SchoolnaNenduva Mescort vanova District Literacy
Cordinator paZaka District Ofce.Kutenda kukuru kunoendawo kuna Rebeccah C. Chinyenze - Education
ResearchOfcer (CDTS) anova akaunganidza, kuverenga zvine udzamu nekugadzirisamhosho dzose kuti
Bhuku Remudzidzi Danho Rechipiri rinakidze kuverenga.Tinotendawo zvikuru Dr Lovemore Ndlovu
vakatikurudzira nekuverenga zvinyorwazvedu vachitipa mazano ekuzvinatsurudza. Tinoda kutenda
zvekare Dr ElishaChamunorwa Kujeke nokutipa mazano pakunyora bhuku rino.Kutenda kukuru
kunopiwa UNICEF inova yakatibatsira zvikuru nemari yekushandisakuti basa redu riendeke.

IIIZVIRI MUKATIMUSUMO INhendo IICHITSAUKO 1: TSIKA DZEDU 1CHITSAUKO 2: MAGARIRO

EVASHONA 18CHITSAUKO 3: TSIKA DZOKUROORERANA 38CHITSAUKO 4: NDIMA DZENZWISISO
DZAKASIYANA -SIYANA 55CHITSAUKO 5: NHETEMBO NENZIYO 69CHIKAMU 6: RUKONYE MURUDO
88CHIKAMU 7: MHIRIZHONGA NEUNHU HWEDU 106CHITSAUKO 8: KUNZE KWASUNAMA 123UNIT 9:
ZUVA REMAGAMBA 149CHITSAUKO 10: HIV neAIDS 180CHITSAUKO 11- KODZERO DZEVANA
211CHITSAUKO 12- KUFAMBISA MASHOKO 229CHITSAUKO 13 – KUKOSHA KWEKODZERO 246
 1CHITSAUKO 1: TSIKA DZEDU Zviri mukati:1.1 Nzwisiso – Kuverenga1.2 Mashandisirwo omutauro:
Madimikira1.3 Maumbirwo omutauro: Zvidudziramazita1.4 Rondedzero - Tsananguro1.5 Misambo -
TsananguroNhanganyayaZvakakosha chaizvo kuti vanhu vadzidze pamwe nokudzidza norurimi
rwaamaisedanho rawatora iwe. Ndinoti makorokoto kwauri nedanho iri. Uchaonakuti kushandisa
mutauro yevatema seChiShona muzvidzidzo ndeimwe nzirayokusimudzira rudzi rwedu.
Ukanyatsoongorora uchaona kuti mutauro kunyanyarurimi rwaamai ndicho chinhu chakakosha kudarika
zvimwe zvinhu zvese paupenyuhwedu nokuti ndiwo unoita kuti tinzi VaShona zvekare ndiwo unoita kuti
tikwanisekuita zvose zvatinoda. Ucharerukirwa zvikuru nezvidzidzo izvi sokuti ChiShona ndiwomutauro
wako.Zvino wave kutanga zvidzidzo zvitsva padanho rino, tinovimba uchayeuka zvidzidzozvako
zvawakaita mudanho rakapfuura zvinove zvichakuyamura mudanho rino kutiunzwisise zvakadzama.
Pane ino nguva zvizhinji zvave kujeka mumusoro makonekudaro unenge wongoita mutserendende
mukuzarukirwa nezvidzidzo.Muchitsauko chino uchaenderera mberi nokudzidza pamusoro
peunyanzvihwekugona kunyora zvakanaka, kuverenga, kutaura nokuteerera sezvawakadzidzamudanho
rokutanga. Kuti unzi uri nyanzvi yomutauro weChiShona unotarisirwakugona mashandisirwo ematauro,
kuverenga nyaya, kunyora rondedzerozvakanaka, maumbirwo omutauro uye misambo sezvatichadzidza
muchitsaukochino.

2 ZvinangwaPanopera chitsauko ichi unotarisirwa kunge wava kukwanisa:• kuverenga nyaya yawapiwa
uchidodomesa• kupindura mibvunzo zvakanaka• kupindura mibvunzo wepfupikiso• kududzira
zvidudziramazita nemhando dzazvo• kutsanangura manyorerwo akanaka erondedzero• kuongorora
mashandisirwo emisambo yakasiyana-siyanaMazwi akakosha:Mazwi aya ndemamwe anonetsa
kunzwisisa nekudaro taatsanangura kuti kanawosangana nawo muzvidzidzo zviri mberi haakunetse
kushandisa.• Kutsvagurudza- kunyatsoongorora uine pfungwa yokunzwisisa• Kunyurura – kutora pakati
pezvizhinji Nguva:Unotarisirwa kuti upedze maawa gumi muchitsauko chino Unyanzvi hunodiwa
pakunzvera:• Kunyora• Kuverenga• Kuongorora• Kupenengura 1.1 Nzwisiso: KuverengaTinovimba
pamusha penyu pakamboita mutambo wekugamuchira murooramumusha. Wakafadzwa here
nomutambo uyu? Iwe unogona kungewakatambirwawo kana uri munhukadzi, kanawo uri murume
mukadzi wako anogonakunge akapindawo mukutambirwa uku. Tinovimba wakadzidza
ukanakidzwanazvo. Zvino chiverenga nyaya yekutambirwa kwemuroora waVaMutsvenguri
uinekunzwisisa kwekuzoziva zvaiitirwa tsika iyi.

3Kupemberera mwengaKuroorwa kwaTsungai chiitiko chakafadza VaMusariri nemhuri yavo yose.

Vaberekivake vakange vachiti tayarutsa, vana tete vachitiwo takaraira. Tete Mai Muzavakange vari
mudenga rechinomwe nokuti mwanasikana wehanzvadzi akangeadadisa. Zuva rokumupereka rakati
rasvika chakave chipatapata pamushawaVaMusariri kugadzirira kunopereka Tsungai kuvarume vake
kwaVaMutsvenguri.Ngoro yemadhongi yakasungwa mikwende ikaiswa yaisanganisira tsero, mhasa,hari,
duri, tswanda netwumwe tudyiwa twavainondobika vaveko.Iyewo Tsungai wainge akanyura muzvipfeko
zvoumwenga. Kahana kakange kasinakugadzikana asi mufaro wakazara mumwoyo. Tete vake vakange
vamushongedzanezvipfeko zvakange zvakamugara kunge akazvarwa anazvo. Vaimuona
vaingonwiramvura, pakange paita mhandara yakaumbwa pachokwadi.Ngoro yakapinda munzira
yakananga kumhiri kwerwizi kwaive nemushawaVaMutsvenguri. Ukuwo kwaMutsvenguri vanhu maziso
aingova kunzira yekwaibvamwenga wavo. Iro jaha racho Tapera aingokwenya mhuno nekasiyanwa kuti
Tsungaiwake nhasi aizova naye zvachose. Nyaya yokuti Tsungai akange akatsika mwedzihaana kumboiti
bufu kumunhu kana nemadzisekuru ake. Vatete vaiye Tsungaivakuru vakange vazviona vakakurukura
nemuzukuru wavo. Iye akangotsenga

4mukanwa vakatsindirana tete nemuzukuru kuti vazvichengete muhana dzavokusvikira aperekwa

kuvarume vake. Amai Mutsvenguri vakange vachiri kutemwadzinobuda ropa, nokudaro vaimhanya-
mhanya kugadzirira kuuya kwomuroora wavomukuru, mukadzi wedangwe ravo.Nhongo yembudzi
yakange yakasungirirwa pamutohwe yakamirira banga. Ukuwomadzimai echiduku aigadzirira
kuzogamuchira mwenga nenziyo nokutambakukuru. Ngoma dzainge dzakanikwa pamoto. Zuva
richingoti nyengu muna maivaro ngoro yaVaMusaririri yakabva yapinda mumusha waVaMutsvenguri.
Vatetenemuzukuru wavo vakange vakafuga machira kumeso vakamirira kushonongorwa.Ngoro
yakamira kunze kwemusha vakamirira kupinzwa mumusha pamurairo. Mukaihadzvadzi yaTapera
nemamwe madzimai vakati mhururu kwetsu vachienda kwaivanengoro vakabata zvipo zvekugamuchira
vaenzi mumusha. Vakange vachiimbanziyo dzainakidza semare. Iko kutamba waiti vanhu vachatyoka
makumbo. IyewoTsungai kunyemwerera kunge achatsemuka miromo kwakange kusiri
kwekutsvagaarimo makare mumachira. Tete Mai Muza ndivo vakavhura kumeso
mushuremekugamuchira zvipo zvavainge vapiwa. Izvi zvipo zvaive zvekuvashonongora kutivapinde
mumusha. Pakarepo mhururu nemuridzo zvakakwetsurwa kuri kufarira kutivakange vabvuma kuti
vakange vave varoora vepaMutsvenguri. Vakabva vangoitamudungwe vakananga kuimba yavainge
vagadzirirwa mhururu ichikwetsurwa.(Nyaya iyi haisati yatsikiswa yakanyorwa na Matsilele Lister.) 1.1.1
ZvokuitaTinovimba wanakidzwa nenyaya yawaverenga uye unogona kuienzanisanezvinoitikawo
munharaunda yokwenyu. Zvino chinyurura madimikira mashanuawaverenga mundima iyi kuratidza kuti
wanzwisisa mashandisirwo omutauro.(5) Mhinduro dzinotarisirwaMhinduro dzatinovimba kuti wawana
munyaya yawaverenga dzinosanganisiradzinotevera:i. Kukwenya mhuno nekasiyanwaii. Kutemwa
dzinobuda ropaiii. Kuva mudenga rechinomweiv. Kutsika mwedziv. Kunyura muzvipfekovi. Kunwisa
mvuraKana wawana madimikira aya zvinoratidza kuti nyaya iyi waizwisisa chose. Kanausina kugona
kuburitsa ose ari mashanu usaora moyo dzokera zvekare uverengendima yako iyi uchaona kuti
paunozobuda kwekupedzesera unenge wava nawo,kwete mashanu chete asi anodarika sezvataita
pamusoro.

5 1.1.2 ZvokuitaKana wapedza izvozvo ipa pfupiso yenyaya yawaverenga kuratidza kuti
waizwisisazvizere.Yeuka kuti pfupiso inonyorwa nendima imwe chete uyewo haufanirekushandisa
zvirungamutauro (10)Mhinduro dzinotarisirwaHedzinoi pfungwa huru dzatinovimba kuti wawana
munyaya yawaverenga:• VaMusariri nemhuri yavo vaigadzirira kunopereka Tsungai kwaVaMutsvenguri•
Vakatakurwa nengoro yemadhongi iyo yainge yakazara nemukwende yavo• Tsungai ainge
akapfekedzwa nhumbi dzoumwenga dzakange dzakamunakirachose.• Tapera aive nomufaro nokuti
mudzimai wake akange ava kuuya zvachose• Tsungai ainge ane pamuviri asi zvaingozivikanwa naivo vari
vaviri pamwenatete vaTsungai• Zvese zvekutambira mwenga nazvo zvakange zvagadzirirwa•
Vakashonongorwa kuti vakwanise kupinda mumusha• Pakava nemufaro mukuru madzimai achiimba
mwenga achipinda mumusha1.2 Mashandisirwo omutauro: MadimikiraMunyaya yawaverenga
pamusoro tine chivimbo chokuti wadzidza kuti ChiShonamutauro wakapfuma, unoshandisa
zvirungamutauro zvinonyautsa mukanwasemadimikira awanyurura. Zvino tinoda kuti uchitambanudza
pfungwa dzakomuchidzidzo chino uchidzidza kukosha kwemadimikira mumutauro
weChiShona.Madimikira akakosha muupenyu nokuti anopfumisa mutauro uye kuburitsa
pfungwadzinorwadza kana kunyadzisa nenzira yakahwanda ine mutsigo. Zvakakoshakuziva madimikira
kuitira kuti zvinorema kutaurika pane vanyarikani zvive nyorekutaurika pasina dambudziko.
Somuenzaniso munyaya, kuita kwaTsungai pamuvirikwakarerutswa nokushandisa dimikira rokuti;
Akatsika mwedziChinokosha kuziva ndechekuti ukashandisa madimikira muzvirevo zvinonyatsojekapane
kungoriona rimire roga. Madimikira mazhinji anotanga na /ku-/ nokudarodudziro dzacho dzinosungirwa
kufambirana nedimikira raunenge wapiwa. 1.2.2 ZvokuitaZvino pamadimikira awanyurura pachidzidzo
chapfuura tsanangura zvaanoreva.Muenzaniso: kubatira ura mumaoko

6 Mhinduro: kutya zvikuruTinovimba kuti wanzwisisa chidzidzo ichi uye wawana mhinduro dzakadai
sedziripazasi. Ramba uchingodzokera kuchidzidzo chemadimikira ichi kusvikira wavekunyatsonzwisisa
zvizere.• kukwenya mhuno nekasiyanwa - kutarisira zvinofadza• Kutemwa dzinobuda ropa – kuva
munhu anenge achiri kuzvinzwa / kuvamunhu mudiki• Kuva mudenga rechinomwe - kufarisisa• Kutsika
mwedzi - kuita pamuviri• Kunyura muzvipfeko - kugarwa nezvipfeko zvaunge wapfeka• Kumwisa mvura-
kudadisa / kufadza / kuyemura1.3 Maumbirwo omutauro1.3.1 ZvidudziramazitaTinovimba wakanzwisisa
maumbirwo omutauro padanho rokutanga apo wakadzidzamazita nezvisazitasingwi. Zvino padanho rino
tichadzidza dzimwe mhandodzomutauro dzinova Zvidudziramazita. Zvidudziramazita imhando
yemazwianotsanangudza pamwe nokujekesa zvinoreva mazita. Zvinotiudza zvakawandapamusoro pezita
kana chisazitasingwi.1.3.2 Mhando dzezvidudziramazitaTinovimba wanzwisisa chinonzi
chidudziramazita, zvino ndave kukujekeseramhando dzezvidudziramazita. Pane mhando dzakasiyana-
siyanadzezvidudziramazita dzinosanganisira chipauro, chiverengo, chiratidzi, chisarudzi/chinan'anuri,
chirevamwene nechiitopauro. Zita rokuti /vana/ nechisazitasingwichokuti /iye / zvinogona kushandiswa
nezvidudziramazita zvakasiyana zvichibvazvaburitsa zvakasiyana pamusoro
pazvo.ChidudzirazitaMuenzanisoChipaurovana vatemaChiitopaurovana vanobaChirevamwenevana
vanguChiverengovana vamweChiratidziiye uyoChisarudziiye upiChirevauwanduoga/omene/vose

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7Kubva pamienzaniso iri pamusoro, zviri pachena kuti pane mhandodzakasiyana-siyana

dzezvidudziramazita. Uchadzidza zvakanyanyisa pamusoropezvidudziramazita zvine udzamu pazvitsauko
zvinotevera. Padanho rinounotarisirwa kuziva mutsauko uri pakati pezvidudziramazita izvi,
kuzvinyururanokuzvishandisa zvakanaka.1.4 Rondedzero1.4.1 Tsananguro yerondedzeroMuchidzidzo
chapfuura takatsanangura maumbirwo omutauro ayo anobatsirakunyora zvinyorwa zvakanaka. Zvino
muchidzidzo chino tichataura pamusoropemanyorerwo erondedzero akanaka. Rondedzero
kutsanangura zvaunozivamaererano nezvakaitika, zvawakaona, zvawakanzwa kana
zvaunofungidzira.Kurondedzera ndizvo zvimwe chete nokutsanangura zvaunoda kuti vanhu
vazive.Rondedzero hausi muunganidzwa wemashoko chete, inyaya inoumbwa neunyanzvi. 1.4.2
ZvokuitaChimbotarisisa zvakaita chimiro chako. Tinovimba unotenda kuti maumbirwoawakaitwa
naMwari anoyevedza zvikuru. Mitezo yako yakapfekerwa chaipopainofanirwa kunge iri. Zvakadaro
rondedzero ine chimiro chakangofanananechomunhu. Ndima dzinofanirwa kupindana dzichiwirirana
zvinogutsa. Neruzivorwawave narwo zvino tinoda utsvagurudze kuti chimiro cherondedzero
chakamirasei. Kana waita saizvozvo nyora chimiro ichi pasi. Uchinge wagutsikana kutirondedzero ine
nhanganyaya, muviri nemhedziso, chisarudza musoro mumwe chetekubva kumisoro iri pasi wonyora
nhanganyaya chete yerondedzero yako.a) Mimhanzi yemukore uno inotaura nezvemagariro edub)
Chitsva chiri murutsokaTinovimba watevedzera mitemo yose yemanyorerwo erondedzero
akanakamundima yako yawanyora iyi. Muchikamu chinotevera unenge wave kunyorazveuchienderera
mberi nemuviri wayo kusvikira wave nerondedzero yakazara.1.5 MisamboMukurarama kwedu kwezuva
nezuva tine maitiro, matauriro, mafambiro,mapfekero, madyiro atinosungirwa kunge tichitevedzera
mukugarisana kwedunevamwe. Maitiro kana mararamiro aya anofanirwa kuva anogamuchirika
nevamwezvichienderana nenzvimbo, tsika nemagariro. Maitiro aya ndiwo atinodaidza kutimisambo.
Maitiro evanhu angava ekare, kana emazuvano. Misambo inogonakusiyana-siyana nenzvimbo
yaunogara.Mukutaura nyaya yoga yoga mune matauriro anokodzera neasingakodzeri. Kusvitsashoko
rerufu kana kubata maoko munhu achinge arwa kune maitirwo akunoitwa.

8Pamuchato panewo mataurirwo nemaitirwo epo. Unofanira kuziva musambounoenderana nechiitiko

choga choga. Unosungirwawo kuziva matauriro akanakaanoitwa pachiitiko choga choga. Pane pamwe
paunofanira kukwidza izwi rakopozoitawo pamwe paunofanira kutaura neizwi rakadzikira. Izvi zvose
zvinokonzerwanokuti chiitiko ichi chakaita sei. Ruzivo rwemisambo rwunotibatsira kuti tizivematauriro
akakodzera pachiitiko choga choga. Zvakakosha kuti uve noruzivorwunotevera pakushandisa musambo
kunyanya wokutaura:• kudoma nekutsanangura misambo yakasiyana- siyana• kudoma uye
kutsanangura zviga zvinoita kuti musambo ubudirire• kudoma mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzemisambo
yekutaura• kutsanangura mashandisirwo emusambo umwe noumwe• kushandisa misambo
yakakodzera pane zvoupenyuNaizvozvo zvakakosha kuti unyatsonzwisiso misambo yemaitiro kana
mataurirosezvatichadzidza muchikamu chino.1.5.2 Misambo yemaitiroSezvataurwa pamusoro apo
vanhu vane maitiro akasiyana-siyana avanoita kubvamunzvimbo uye zviitiko zvakasiyana-siyana. Chiitiko
chimwe nechimwe chine maitirouye matauriro anofanirwa kuitwa pachiri. Nokudaro maitiro
nematauriro zvinhuzvinofambidzana. Ukacherechedza magariro eVaShona uchaona kuti
vanokoshesatsika dzavo dzakaita sedzinotevera nedzimwewo:• kuroorwa nokuroora• kugara nhaka•
mitupo nezvidzidzo• dare/chivara•kuviga mu• kurova guva• mishandirapamwe• mukwerera• kutanda
botso

9Kuenda kunoshoperwa nen'anga N’anga nehakata dzayoUkacherechedza munzvimbo yaugere

uchaona kuti maitiro aya ekuendakunoshoperwa nen'anga achiri kuitwa asi vanhu vazhinji havachadi
kubuda pachenakunzi vanoita zveun'anga. Nokuda kwekuuya uye kuwanda kwedzikereke
vamwewovakusvora maitiro okuenda kunorapwa kana kunoukwa nen'anga. Zvava kuitasezvinhu
zvinoshoreka asi vanhu vachikanganwa kuti madzitateguru edu akararamamakore akawanda achiita
maitiro iwaya.N'anga dzine basa rinotevera rinoti:• kurapa varwere• kudzivirira vanhu kuti vasavingwe
nemweya yakaipa kana vavengi•kupa tsananguro dzokuti sei murwere arwara kana kuti sei mu afa.•
kuroya kana kupa makona ouroyi1.5.3 Misambo yekutauraMisambo yekutaura kunongova kutaura
kwakakodzera pakati pemutauri nevateererivake panguva yakakodzera. Sekutaurwa kwazvamboitwa
pamusoro apo uchaonakuti maitiro nematauriro ibhurugwa nebhande hazvisiyani. Ukacherechedza
uchaonakuti kana munhu akatadza kushandisa misambo wakakodzera kutaura mashoko ake,pfungwa
dzaanenge achida kuti dzibude pamusoro pechiitiko ichocho hadzibudezvakanaka. Nokudaro kubudirira
kwemusambo kunounzwa nezvinotevera:

10• kucherechedza vanhu vaunenge uchishandisira musambo waunengewasarudza panguva iyoyo•

kucherechedza nzvimbo yaunenge uchishandisa musambo wawasarudza• kushandisa mazwi akakodzera
anopindirana nemusambo wauri kushandisa• kushandisa muviri wako zvakakodzera paunenge
uchitaura• kupfeka zvipfeko zvakakodzera zvinoenderana nenzvimbo yauri.Zvino kuti ukwanise
kubudirira mumusambo waunenge uchishandisanyatsocherechedza zviga zvapiwa pamusoro apo.
Zvakakosha kuti uzive mhandodzemisambo yekutaura seinotevera:i. musambo wokupopotaii. musambo
wokusekedzanaiii. musambo wokugunun'unaiv. musambo wokunyaranav. musambo wokugamuchiravi.
musambo wokudembavii. musambo wokukumbiraviii. musambo wokushoranaix. musambo wokubata
maokox. musambo wokukakavadzanaxi. musambo wepadarexii. musambo wokutumaxiii. musambo
wepabasaxiv. musambo wekunamata

11Hounoi muenzaniso wemusambo wokutaura parunhare Rudo: Hesi wakadini zvako mudikanwi?
Taonga: Kukufunga chete! Ini, ndakusuwa shamwariRudo: Ummm uri kurevesa here shamwari kana kuti
uri kundikwidza ndegeyemashanga.Taonga: Ufunge handirari ndichikufunga. Ndaonda kunge rutsanga
rurimumvura. chipondamwoyo changu! Ndiwe woga uri pamwoyo panguhakuna mumwe wandingada
kunze kwako ruva rangu.Rudo: Chokwadi kana neni handirari ndichingofunga kuti vasikana
veJonihavanganditoreri wepamoyo wangu here ikoko. Ndinokudisa ufunge,ndakatomirira kuuya kwako
paKisimusi uchiuya nepfuma tigogara tosezvachose.Taonga: Ndiri kuunganidza mari yekukuroora,
handipedze gore rinouya tisatitachata, tigogara tose kuno kuSouth Africa kusina ani
anotivhiringidza.Rudo: Chokwadi here? Ndingafare zvikuru.Taonga: Chirega ndimboita basa. Chisara
zvako mudiwa wangu.Rudo: Bhayi bhayi mudiwa wepamoyo. ZvokuitaTinovimba wanzwisisa zvinoreva
misambo uye wave kukwanisa kudorongodzamusambo umwe noumwe kubva mune sezvawadzidza.
Zvino cherechedza

12musambo wokutaura uri pamusoro uyo utaridze kuti imhandoi uye nemhaka yeiwadaro. Tsamirana
nomusambo iwoyo chete. Mhinduro dzinotarisirwaTinodaira waona musambo wekusekedzana
pachivhevhano. Ukacherechedzauchaona kuti musambo uyu unoshandiswa panyaya dzorudo.Taonga
naRudo vanodanana nokuti vange vachitaurirana zvokudanana.Panoshandiswa mutauro uyu panenge
paine ushamwari hwakadzama chose.Matauriro omukomana nomusikana ava ane kufadzana uye
nekunyeperana mukati.Mazwi avo anotapira samare uye anenge akapfavirira muchisekedzani kuitira
kutimasaisai orudo afambe zvakanaka mukati memuviri yavo vose. Pane kuyemeranakunoitwa
sekutaura kwaRudo uyewo kashanje kunoratidza rudo. Pane imwe nguvakakunyara-nyara kanenge
karipo kunyanya musikana. Shuviro yezvakanaka kanavaroorana inenge iripo pamusambo uyu. Rudo
anoshuvira kuuya kwaTaonga kutivazogara vose zvachose.1.7 Pfupiso yechitsaukoRangarira kuti
muchitsauko chino wadzidza zvinhu zvakakosha.Uchiri kurangarirahere;• nyaya yawaverenga•
madimikira pamwechete netsananguro dzawo• zvidudziramazita nemhando dzazvo• tsananguro
yerondedzero• tsananguro yemisambo• bvunzo yokutanga yechitsaukoBvunzoPindura mibvunzo
yoseMibvunzo yose inofanirwa kupindurwa neChiShona chete

13CHIKAMU 1: RONDEDZEROZvibodzwa: 501. Sarudza musoro mumwe chete pane inotevera. Zvino
chinyora muChiShonachakanaka, rondedzero, hurukuro kana tsamba ine mapeji anokwana manachete.
(a) Bumbiro idzva redzidzo(b) Aiva madziva ava mazambuko.(c) Nyora hurukuro pakati pevanhu vaviri
vari kukakavadzana pamusoro pokutikodzero dzevana dzakonzera kupanduka kwevana vadiki.(d) Nyora
tsamba kumukuru wenharaunda yenyu wakamirira vechidiki,muchikumbira rubatsiro rwekuti
mukwanise kutanga mushandirapamwe(e) Nyora nyaya ine mashoko okuti, “Imbwa dzake ndidzo
dzakazobatambavha”.CHIKAMU 2: NZWISISO NEPFUPISONZWISISO: 202. Verenga ndima inotevera
ugopindura mibvunzo inotevera neChiShonachakanakaChimiro chemubati wechigaro akanaka.Chinhu
chikuru chakafanirwa kuwanikwa muchimiro chemubati wechigaro akanaka,kusava netsvete, kusaita
chizivano asi kuve munhu asina rusarura. Akafanira kuvamunhu asingakurumidzi kushatirwa nhando,
kana kukurumidza kusviba moyo.Akafanira kuzvininipisa chinangwa chiri chekuti munhu wese awane
nguva yokutaurazvaanofunga pachena akasununguka. Zvakare zvataurwa zvacho
zvakafanirakunyatsofungwa zvakanaka.Mubati wechigaro akanaka akafanira kuva somuridzi wenyere
wenhabvu kwetekuti azviite somukuru wechikoro. Haafanire kuva nechindini kungoti pfungwadzake
ndidzo dzinoti dziende kumberi dzichidzvanyirira dzevamwe. Basa rakekutaura zvinhu zvinenge
zvarongwa neboka nekuisa nhau mugwara apo inengeichikurukurwa kwete kuti sachigaro amanikidzire
nhengo dzeboka kuti dziitezvaanoda. Kana kuti iye ndiye owana nguva huru yokuramba achitaura
egazvinhu zvizhinji. Haafaniri kutaura zvizhinji chero hake achiziva mhinduro inengeichidikanwa.Zvimwe
zvinhu zvikuru pachimiro chemubati wechigaro akanaka ndezvizvi:-Kuva munhu anokudzwa nevanhu.
Kukudzwa kwemubati wechigaro kunobvamukufambisa musangano zvakanaka zvisina bishi
nemheremhere. Zvakare ndiyemukuru worunyararo.

14Mubati wechigaro akafanira kuva anoshingirira kuona kuti nguva dzose, munhuwese akafanira
kunyarara nokuti musangano hautani kuvamba bishi nokudakwemheremhere pachibva pazoshaya
kunzwana. Munhu chete apihwa nguva kanamvumo yokutaura nasachigaro ndiye anotaura.Mubati
wechigaro akafanana nemupurisa anomisa motokari mumugwagwa kanakuti robhoti iro rinomisa
motokari nemabhasikoro kuti zvipfuure zvisingabonderane.Kusiyana kuripo chete ndekwekuti mubati
wechigaro anenge achiona kufambakoita pfungwa dzenhengo dzinenge dziri pamusangano kuti
dzifambe zvitsvenedzisingakonzeri bishi. Basa rake harisi rekurambidza zvinenge zvichida kutaurwa
asikutoti kukurudzira nhengo kuti dzipe mazano akanaka muhurukuro dzinenge dzirimudariro.Sachigaro
akanaka anotungamira achitevedza bumbiro remutemo. Mubatiwechigaro akanaka anoziva kuti iye
nenhengo dzekomiti yake iboka rimwe cheterinoshandira pamwe chete sezvinoita timu yenhabvu
inotamba ichitevedza mitemoyenhabvu ine mutungamiriri uya anonzi kaputeni. Setimu yenhabvu,
nhengodzekomiti hadzina simba kana ari munhu ega ega asi vane simba kana vari pamwechete.(Kubva
muchinyorwa chaEphraim Gunda chinonzi ‘Kutungamirira nekufambiswakwemisangano yezvokurima
kwakanaka) 2a) Doma chinhu chikuru chinofanirwa kuitwa nemubati wechigaro wakanaka (1)b) i)
Ndeapi madimikira maviri anotaridza chimiro chinofanirwa kuvanemubati wechigaro? (2) ii) Ipa
tsananguro yedimikira rimwe nerimwe rawadoma (2)c) Ipa fananidzo yapihwa mundima yemubati
wechigaro (2)d) Ndeipi pfungwa isingafanirwi kuva nemubati wechigaro wakanaka (2)e) Basa guru
remubati wechigaro rinosanganisa chii? (2)f) Tsanangura zvinhu zvishanu zvinotarisirwa pachimiro
chemubati wechigarowakanaka . (5)g) Tsanangura mazwi kana ndevo dzinotevera sokushandiswa
kwadzakaitamundima i) rusarura ii) tsveteiii) kuvamba bishi iv) mazanov) bumbiro remutemo3)
PfupisoNyora pfupiso nemazwi asingapfuuri makumi mashanu uchitsanangura chimirochemubati
wechigaro wakanaka. (10)

15Chikamu 3: Zvirungamutauro, misambo nomutauro4. Patsananguro dzakapiwa nyora dimikira

rinowirirana netsananguro imweneimwe(i) Kutya zvikuru paine zvinenge zvichiitika (1)(ii) Kumirira
munhu asingafe a uya (1)(iii) Kuvengana zvokusada kuonana (1)(iv) Kuva munhu asinganyare kutaura (1)
(v) Kushinga kuita chinhu chakaoma (1)5. Dudzira zvinoreva dimikira rimwe nerimwe(i) Kuisa muromo
mumhuno (1)(ii) Kurara nebadza mundima (1)(iii) Kupedza ura (1)(iv) Kuzvisikira moto muziso (1)(v)
Kushaya ganda kumeso (1)6. Kubva patsumo dzinotevera, nyora tsumo imwe inoreva
zvimwechetezvonaiyoyo(a) Kupedza nguva munhu kurwa nechinokurira (1)(b) Mombe yetsiru
manhenda waikama (1)(c) Chidamwoyo hamba yakada makwati (1)(d) Bvupa jena rakabva munyama (1)
(e) Tsapata rukukwe hazvienzani nokurara pasi (1)7. Nyora nyaudzosingwi dzinoenderana nezviito
zvinoteveraMienzaniso: kuzara -ta(1) Kunyorova (1)(ii) Kumedza (1)(iii) Kusimuka makawanda (1)(iv)
Kutiza (1)(v) Kunhuwa (1)Mutauro8. Verenga kandima kanotevera ugopindura mibvunzo iri
pasi.Chisikana chakanyatsoti chisero bwa, ndokuteya nzeve kuna ambuya. Ivo ndokuti“Mahumbwe
mutambo waiitwa nemajaya nemhandara, vachibika nokubata dzimbakuedzesera zvinoita vabereki vavo
mudzimba dzavo.(i) Nyurura mazita ose ari mundima iyi nezvikwata zvawo(ii) Ipa zvikonzero zvaita kuti
uise mazita iwayo muzvikwata izvozvo. Toramuenzaniso mumwe chete muchikwata chega.9. Nyora
mazita ezvidudziramazita zvakashandiswa mukanyaya kanotevera:Jinda guru rakati mushonga wengozi
kuripa, asi vanhu vazhinji vaiita mheremherehavana kuzviteerera. Mushure mechinguva Jinda riya
rakasimukazve rikatimushonga wengozi kuripa.Vamwe vanhu vakazobvumirana naro.
Musanganowakapera vanhu vese vakaenda kumisha yavo.

16 Mhinduro dzinotarisirwa1. Rondedzeroa) kudoma zvimwe zvidzidzo zvitsva zviri mubumbiro idzva
sokuti- ( Pysical Education and Mass displays, Mathematics, Combined Science,Chemistry, Biology,
neAgriculture)- Hwaro hwakazendamira bumbiro idzva. Hunoti Vumunhu /Unhu/ /Ubuntu/kodzero,
kuenzana kwemikana yevanhurume nevanhukadzi- kudoma donzvo rebumbiro redzidzo idzva- Kunyora
nyaya inobudisa pachena chimiro chekuti munhu aimboshayawozowana- kupa mativi maviri akasiyana
anoti divi rinofambidzana nemusoro nedivirinopikisana nomusorob)Divi rinofambidzanaDivi rinopesana-
Vana havasisina tsika - Vana vari kufambidzana nenguva- vana havachapedzi zvidzidzoDzidzo haisiyo
yoga inoita kutimunhu ararame- kukurumidza kuwanikwa - kukurumidza kuzvimiriraKubata zvirwere
zvepabonde - kuvhurika pfungwa- kushaya muono weupenyu - kusadzvinyirirwa kwevanakukodzero
dzavod) kutevedzera mutemo wemanyorerwo etsamba yebasa- kupa zvikonzero zvinosakisa kuva
nemuono wekutanga mushandirapamwesokuti:- kuda kuitawo mibato yemaoko- kuwana kurarama
kupfurikidza nekuwana mari- kuwana zvokuita- kuiwanisa mushandirapamwe pachiraswa
umbimbindoga- kuita chimwe chinhu chinoyemurika chinobetsera nharaunda- Kunyora nyaya inobudisa
pachena mabatiro nekubatsira kwakaita imbwakubata mbavha. Nzwisiso: 2a) - kusava netsvete- kusaita
chizivano- kusava norusarura

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 17b i) kushatirwa nhando- kusviba Moyoii) - kugumbuka / kutsamwac) kuva semuridzi wenyere
wenhabvu- kufanana nemupurisa anomisa motokari mumugwagwa kana kuti robhotid) - kuva
nechindini- neudzvanyiririe) kutaura zvinhu zvinenge zvarongwa nebokaf) kuva munhu anokudzwa
nevanhu kupfurikidza nokufambisa musanganozvakanaka zvisina bishi nemhere mhere- kuva
unoshingirira kuona kuti nguva dzose munhu wese akafanira kunyararanokuti musangano hautani
kuvamba bishi nokuda kwemhere mhere- kukurudzira kuti nhengo dzipe mazano akanaka muhurukuro
dzinenge dzirimudariro- Anotungamirira achiteedzera bumbiro remutemo yeboka- Anoziva kuti iye
nenhengo dzekomiti yake iboka rinoshandira pamwe cheteg) i) kupatsanura / kushara vanhu kungava
rudzi ganda unhukadzi kanaunhurume, zera, dzidzo, nzvimbo, kana mutauro. ii) kutora chinhu nenzira
isina kufaniraiii) Ipfungwa dzakanakaiv) mhere mhere3) chimiro chemubati wechigaro wakanaka -
kusava netsvete kana kusaita chizivano - kusashatirwa nhando kana kukurumidza kusviba Moyo-
kuzvininipisa- kusava nechindini - kutaura zvinhu zvinenge zvarongwa neboka - kuisa nhau mugwaro apo
inenge ichikurukurwa - kuva munhu anokudzwa nevanhu - kushingirira kunyaradza vanhu panguva
yemusangano - kukurudzira nhengo kuti dzipe mazano akanaka muhurukuro dzinenge dzirimudariro -
Anoziva kuti iye nenhengo dzake dzekomiti yake iboka rimwe cheterinoshandira pamwe chete

18CHITSAUKO 2: MAGARIRO EVASHONAZviri mukati:2.1 Nzwisiso2.2 Mashandisirwo omutauro -

Madimikira2.3 Maumbirwe omutauro - Chipauro2.4 Rondedzero2.5 Misambo Zvinangwa• Kudoma
mhando dzemibvunzo yenzwisiso• Kushandisa madimikira muzvirevo• Kutsanangura maumbirwe
ezvipauro• Kutsanangura chimiro cherondedzero• Kududzira zvinoreva misambo yakasiyana-siyana
Nguva:Unotarisirwa kuita maawa maviri muchitsauko chino Unyanzvi hunodiwa pakunzvera•
kuverenga• kutaura• kuteerera• kutsananguraNhanganyayaMuchitsauko chino tichange tichienderera
mberi nokukwenenzvera zvidzidzo zvedutakanangana neunyanzvi hwekunyora, kuverenga, kuteerera
nokutaura. Muchitsaukochapfuura wakadzidza kuverenga nyaya yenzwisiso uchidodomesa, zvino tinoda
kutiuverengezve nyaya iyi kuti zvigokubatsira mapindirirwo emibvunzo yenzwisiso.Madimikira chidzidzo
chatinovimba kuti wakanzwisisa pachitsauko chekutangazvino muchikamu chino tinoda ushandise
madimikira awakawana muchitsaukochapfuura muzvirevo kuratidza kuti wanzwisisa zvaanoreva.
Tichadzidza zvakadzamapamusoro pezvidudziramazita sekuparurwa kwazvakaitwa muchitsauko
chokutangawakanangana neChipauro muchitsauko chino. Chidzidzo cherondedzerochichakubatsira
muchitsauko chino apo tichanyatsoongorora zvine udzamu chimirocherondedzero. Zvakakoshawo kuti
ubatisise chidzidzo chemusambo pakuperakwechitsauko chino apo tinenge takanangana nemisambo
yekumhoresana,yekuchechi uye rufu. Tinovimba uchafarira zvidzidzo zvose zviri muchitsauko chino.

19 2.1 Nzwisiso – Mhando dzemibvunzo yenzwisisoUchiri kurangarira here nzwisiso yawakaverenga

muchitsauko chapfuura. Tinovimbawakanzwisisa nyaya yawakaverenga. Muchitsauko chino uchadzidza
mhandodzemibvunzo yenzwisiso. Kazhinji-zhinji mibvunzo yaunowanzosangana nayo inengeichida kuti
iwe upe mhinduro dzinobva mundima yaunenge wanzi uverenge.Wakadzidza kunyurura madimikira
mundima nekupa tsananguro dzawo. Iwe unengeuchitarisirwa kuti uverenge nekunzwisisa nhetembo
kana nyaya. Rangarira imwemhando yemibvunzo inenge ichida kuti upfupise ndima yaunenge
waverengasezvawakadzidza muchitsauko chapfuura. Zvino chinhu chikuru chinodiwa apa kuverenga
ndima yacho zvakanaka, ukainzwisisazvainotaura zvinoreva kuti nemazwi ese akashandiswa mundima
unenge wogonakuadudzira. Zvakakoshawo kuti mushure mekuverenga ndima unotarisirwa
kugonakubatanidza nyaya irimo neugaro hwevanhu munharaunda dzavagere. Chenjedzo pakupindura
mibvunzo yenzwisisoi. Nyora nhamba yemubvunzo wauri kupindura kumucheto wekuruboshwe
kanamubvunzo wacho une mapazi sekuti (1a)ii. Mhinduro yega yega ngaitangire pamutsara wayo wega.
Zvese izvizvinobatsira mukwenyi kuti azive kuti mhinduro yako ndeye mubvunzo upiuye kuti yatanga
nekuperera papi.iii. Ona kuti wanzwisisa zvinodiwa nemubvunzo wacho. Hazvina kunakakungomhanyira
kupindura mubvunzo iwe usina kuunzwisisa nokuti unozopamhinduro isina kukodzera.iv. Mhinduro
dzako ngadzive pfupi dzichipa zvinodiwa pasina kupoterera.v. Usadzokorora kunyora mubvunzo,
rangarira kuti chinodiwa imhinduro yakochete.Zvinokosha kuti uzive mhando dzemibvunzo yakasiyana –
siyana. Mibvunzo inengeichida zvinotevera:(i) Kupa mhinduro uchishandisa zvawaverenga.Rangarira kuti
zvinhu zvinobvunzwa zvinenge zvichiwanikwa kubva mundimayaunenge waverenga.(ii ) Kupa pfungwa
dzako. Mibvunzo yemhando iyi inenge ichida kuti iwe upe zvaunofunga pamusoropezvimwe zvaunenge
waverenga kana pamusoro pevatambi vanenge varimundima. Izvi unenge usingazviwani mundima yacho
bedzi, asi kuti unofanirakushandisa pfungwa dzako, uchiratidza ruzivo rwakasiyana- siyana.

20(iii) Kupa mhinduro yezvinoreva mazwi akashandiswa munyaya. Apa unenge uchinzi ududzire
zvinenge zvichireva mazwi akashandiswamundima. Mazwi acho anogona kuva zvirungamutauro zvinoti,
fananidzo,madimikira, nyaudzosingwi kana tsumo. Nekudaro chinhu chakanaka kutiuve neruzivo
rwomutauro rwakakwana. Iwe unofanira kududzira mazwi achonepapfupi. Somuenzaniso ukanzi
utsanangure zvinoreva mazwi ekuti: /Hatidyi zvekupara/Iwe unopa mhinduro yako sezvizvi - Hatiiti
zvekutamburira kuwana zvekudyaiv) Kupa mamwe mazwi anoreva zvakafanana neakashandiswa
mundimaApa unenge uchidiwa kuti upe mamwe mazwi anoreva zvimwe chete nezwi kanamazwi
akashandiswa mundima. Izvi zvinoita nyore kana wanga uchimboverengazvinyorwa zveChiShona
zvakasiyana-siyana nekuti mukuverenga ndimomaunosangana nemazwi akawanda wanda. Zvokuita
Verenga detembo rinotevera , ugopindura mibvunzo iri pazasi payo.MajuruNdinoshamiswa kwazvo
nebasa remajuruTwunhu twudukuduku kwazvo mukutarisa.Tunoonekwa waita zvokukotamaNokuti
twunhu twusina nematuro oseAsi chitarisaka mukuriro wechuru!Hona kusvinyangwa-svinyangwa
kwevhu rechuruTarisa kutsvenengerwa kwacho nomuvuvo!

21Nokukurungirwa kwachozve nehurungudo!Twunovaka sei chinhu chikuru kudai!Ivhu twunotorepi?

Mvura inobva kupi?Twunowana kupi mapadza okucheresa?Iwe munhu ukanzi chivake
samajuruUngatore mazuva mangani uchivaka?Rinobvepi simba rakadai ramajuru?Rinobva
mukushandira pamwe kunoitwaKwatinoyeva tose patinoona zvuru.Tarisa uone kana oshanda
majuru,Juru rose rinomhanya rakaruma kavhu.Harimire, haridzoki risati ratura,Haurioni richizorora,
richigara,Haapingidzanezve pakupesana kwawo,Juru roga roga rinoziva basa raro,Mamwe
ndookututa,mamwe ndookuvaka,Kushanda pamwe kunozvara chinhu chikuru.Mushandiro wamajuru
wakavaka churu,Mushandiro wedu pamwe uchavaka Zimbabwe.(“Majuru” na J.C. Kumbirai, kubva muna
Nduri dzeZimbabwe) ChenjedzoTinovimba wanzwisisa tsananguro yemhando dzemibvunzo
dzatsanangurwapamusoro apo. Usaenderera mberi usati wanzwisisa chikamu chino nokuti
zvirimuchikamu chino zvinokubatsira kuzopindura nokunzwisisa zvinotevera.(a) Nyora ndima iyi
nemazwi ako asingapfuuri makumi matatu uchitsanangurazviri kutaurwa munhetembo iyi.(b) Dudzira
zvinoreva mazwi anotevera, abva munhetembo:(i) twunhu tusina nematuro ose (ii) muvuvo (iii)
hurungudo(c) Munyori ati simba remajuru rinobva paiko?(d) Ndechipi chidzidzo chinowanikwa
munhetembo iyi?Tinodavira wadzidza zvidzidzo zveupenyu kubva mudetembo iri. Tinovimbawakwanisa
kuwana mhinduro dzakakodzera kumibvunzo yawasangana nayo.Hedzino mhinduro dzawaigona kubuda
nadzo.

22 Mhinduro dzinotarisirwa(a) Majuru twunhu twudiki asi twunokwanisa kuumba chinhu chikuru
nekudakwekushandira pamwe twuchigoverana mabasa ekuita. Isu tikashandawopamwe semajuru
tinokwanisa kuvaka Zimbabwe yedu. (i) twunhu tusina basa, kana twunosvoreka. (ii) chinhu
chinoshandiswa kutsvenenzvera hari dzevhu padzinengedzichiumbwa. (iii) Simba remajuru rinobva
mukushandirapamwe.(d) Nhetembo iyi inotidzidzisa kuti tikashanda pamwe semajuru
tinokwanisakuvaka nyika yedu sekuvakawo kunoita majuru churu chawo.Tinovimba wabata kuti
mibvunzo yenzwisiso inobatsira kuti urangarirezvawaverenga mundima , inobatsirawo kuti iwe
uzokwanisawo kushandisawo ruzivorwawakawana pane imwe nguva. Rangarira:Imwe mibvunzo inoda
kuti iwe utsvagurudze chokwadi kubva mundimayawaverenga , naizvozvowo mimwe mibvunzo
inobatsirawo kubatanidza pfungwauye kuti iwe ukwanise kupa mibvunzo yakowo.2.1 Mashandisirwo
omutauro: MadimikiraUchiri kurangarira here zvawakadzidza muchitsauko chapfuura
pamusoropemadimikira.Wakadzidzawo kunyurura madimikira mundima uye kupa tsanangurayerimwe
nerimwe. Zvino muchidzidzo chino uchadzidza pamusoro pekushandisamadimikira muzvirevo.
Chenjedzo:Pane zvinhu zvaunofanirwa kungwarira pakushandisa madimikira muzvirevo.• Chokutanga,
unosungirwa kunyora dimikira racho wozonyora chirevomushure• Chechipiri, chimiro chedimikira
chinogona kushandurwa zvichienderananokushandiswa kwedimikira racho./Ku- anogonawo kubviswa
asi richingoreva zvarinofanirwa kureva/

23Somuenzaniso: Kutsamira churuAmai vakawana vatete vatsamira churu apa vaibva

kuHarare.Wazvionaka kuti tabvisa /ku- / padimikira riri pamusoro asi hapana zvashandukapariri. Ndizvo
zvandange ndichireva patsananguro yandakupa pamusoro apo.Chechitatu, kana wanzi ushandise
dimikira muchirevo hazvirevi kutsanangurazvarinoreva. Zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti ukangotsanangura
unenge watadza nokutimubvunzo unenge usingadi kutsanangurwa, somuenzaniso :Kuisa muromo
mumhuno- kushatirwaKurovera matama pasi- kuraraMhinduro dzakadai hadzitambirwi nokuti unenge
usina kupindura mubvunzonemazvo. - Chechina, kana uchinyora zvirevo rega kudzokorora dimikira
raunengewapiwa nokuti zvinobva zvajekesa kuti hauzivi zvarinorevaSomuenzaniso:Kuseura munhu
gotsiTendai akaseura munhu gotsi.Kana waita seizvi watadza kupindura mubvunzo - Chechishanu, edza
kunyora zvirevo zvipfupi asi zvichijekesa zvinorevadimikira racho nokuti unogona kuzokanganisa
zvinoreva dimikira racho. - Chechitanhatu, dimikira harifanirwi kutsanangurwa nerimwe dimikira.
ZvokuitaSarudza madimikira mana pane anotevera, zvino chiashandisa muzvirevo uchibudisapachena
zvaanoreva:i. Kudya marashaii. Kuve noruokoiii. Kurumwa nochokucheraiv. Kurasa muswev. Kura
mafufu segonzovi. Kuoma mate mumukanwavii. Kufuga rako wogaMukupindura mibvunzo iyi ngapave
nekuwirirana kwazvakaita pamusoro. Rangarirakuti hachisi chinhu chakanaka kunyora zvirevo zviviri
uchida kubudisa zvinorehwanedimikira rimwe chete.

24 Mhinduro dzinotarisirwaTinovimba wakwanisa kushandisa madimikira aya muzvirevo zvakanaka uye

zvineunyanzvi sezvataitawo pazasi:i. Chido akadya marasha paakanzwa kuti mari yake yaaida kutengesa
zvihwitsiyatengeswa mukaka naamai vake.ii. Vatete vakazoona kuti Sophia ane ruoko mushure mokunge
abvuma mhosvayake.iii. Vana vakarasa muswe apo vadzidzisi vakange vapinda mumusangano.iv. Shuvai
akaoma mate mumukanwa paakaona mashura aiva mumba make.v. Vanhu vakachema apo Nyarai ainge
afuga rake oga.vi. Tinashe akara mafufu segonzo apo akapfurwa namapurisa achida kupazachitoro.2.3
Maumbirwo omutauroZvidudziramazita:Uchiri kurangarira here mhando dzezvidudziramazita
sekudzidza kwawakaitamuchitsauko chokutanga apo takadoma mhando dzezvidudziramazita
izvi.Wakadzidza mhando dzezvidudziramazita zvinoti, chipauro, chirevauwandu,chiitopauro,
chireverengo, chiratidzi, chisarudzi uye chirevamwene. Zvinomuchidzidzo chino uchadzidza pamusoro
pezvipauro zvizere.ZvipauroZvipauro zvinotsanangura mamiriro ezita kana chisazitasingwi. Ruzivo
rwachinopaurwu rwunoita kuti ukwanise kutsaura chinhu kubva pakati pezvimwe. Chipaurochinodudzira
zita nokutaridza:• ruvara• ukuru hwechinhu uye mamiriro acho• uwandu kana
ushomaSomuenzaniso:Mai vatema avo vanovengana naamai vatsvuku ava.Wazviona here kuti
muchirevo umu vatema nevatsvuku ndizvo zvipauro.Kutsanangura ruvara rwemadzimai aya zvapauro
vamwe mai kubva pane vamwe.Ukacherechedza uchaona kuti zvipauro hazvingoshandi bvonyongera.
Zitarinofanirwa kuva newirirano nechipauro chinoridudzira sekuti:

25 Zita Chipauro Vakomana vapfupi Musikana mutete Mbudzi Huru Kamwana kakobvu Chibage
chimbishiPane sungawirirano iripo pakati pechivakashure cheChipauro nemupandawezita. Izvi zviri
kungoreva izvo kuti zita rinopaurwa nechipauro chiri mumupandaunofanana newaro sokuti:Matanda
makuru - zvese zvowanikwa mumupanda 6Mbeva zhinji - zvese zvowanikwa mumupanda 10Kuti
unzwisise chipauro zvinoda ubate maumbirwo acho. Tikaputsa chipaurochokuti,makuru tinowana
zvivakazwi izvi:Chivakashure + Dzitsima- + - kuru Naizvozvo zvingori pachena kuti chipauro chinoumbwa
nechivakashure chechipaurouye dzitsi rechipauro. ZvokuitaZvino tinoda udome madzitsi ezvipauro
mumapoka atakapa pazasi ayo. ChenjedzoUchiri kurangarira here dzidziso yatakakupa pashure apo,
pamusoro pezvigazvezvipauro apo takakuudza kuti chipauro chinotaridza :(1) udzamu(2) ukuru(3)
kuratidzika kwechinhu(4) ruvara(5) zvinoverengeka/ nhamba

26 Mhinduro dzinotarisirwaTinodaira wakwanisa kuwana mhinduro dzakadai sedziri pazasi pabasa

rawapiwamuchidzidzo chapera apo taida kuti udome madzitsi ezvipauro.Ruvara -chena, -tsvuku, -shava,
-tema, -pfumbu, -shoraUkuru hwechinhu-kuru, -refu, -kobvu, -pamhi, -hombe, -diki, -pfupi, -
teteZvinoverengeka/nhamba -viri, -na, -tanhatu, -sere, -ngani?, -tatu, -shanu, -nomwe,-
pfumbamweKutaridzikakwechinhu-tsaru,-uya,-tsvene,-nyoro,-tsva,-vi,-penyu,-mbishi,-svinuUdzamu-
zhinji, -shoma 2.4 RondedzeroMuchitsauko chapfuura takatsanangura nezverondedzero uye chimiro
chacho. Uchirikurangarira here basa ratakakusiira kuti uite tisati taenderera mberi
nokudzidza.Tinovimba wakakwanisa kunotsvagurudza chimiro cherondedzero .2.4.1 Maumbirwo
erondedzeroWakaona here kuti kazhinji-zhinji rondedzero inoumbwa nezvinhu zvitatuzvinoti,
mavambo/ nhanganyaya, mutumbi uye mhedzisiro. Tinodaira kutivanhu vanowanzotorwa mwoyo
nekutaridzika kwechinhu mumeso edu. Ndizvozvimwechetezvo nemuzvinyorwa, tinowanzoongorora
matangirwo enyaya, mutumbiuye mhedzisiro yazvo.a) Nhanganyaya Nhanganyaya ngaive inonakidza,
pfupi izere nehwenzvo hunozadza pfungwadzomuverengi. Anotapirirwa nedapurahunanzva rinodyiwa
neakasungwamaoko kana nhanganyaya ikanyorwa zvinokwezva muverengi kuti ave nechidochokuramba
achiverenga rondedzero yako. Saizvozvo unofanirwa kusarudzamazwi akakodzera, anotapira, ekutagisa
nawo rondedzero yako. Ukatanganemazwi asina tsarukano, muverengi akasviba
mwoyo,anongozoverengazvinotevera asisina shungu dzakawanda. Edza kupinzawo pfungwa
hurudzerondedzero yako pamavambo apa kuitira kuti muverengi azive kutiari kuverenga nezvei. Izvi
zvinotaridzawo kuti iwe unoziva pawakananga,hausi kungoita zvekupumbudzira murima.
Nyatsocherechedza mienzanisoyenhanganyaya inotevera iyi:

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27 'Zuva rainge rotungidza mhanza dzeharahwa, idzo chembere dzopfodorangonono dzamasikati, sadza
rainge rotamba mbakumba muhari idzo pweredzakangofararika nemisha. Huku nembwa dzainge mauto
akamirira kurwakuri kurinda sadza raidaro kubikwa. Ukuwo madzimai achipwatisa chikweemudzimba.
Idzi ndidzo nguva dzaidai kupopotedzana VaMuchineripinemuroora wavo Hazvineyi.’ Rangarira kuti
nhanganyaya iyi ichaita kuti muongorori webasa rako avenehavi yokuda kunzwa nyaya yacho yese.(b)
Mutumbi Kechipiri rondedzero yako ngaive nemutumbi. Mumutumbi werondedzerondimo munonyorwa
zvese zvinofanirwa kutaurwa pamusoro penyayayauri kunyora nezvayo. Pfungwa dzako dzauinadzo
ngadzirongwemuzvikamu zvakanaka. Pfungwa dzikasarongwa zvakanaka unogonakunyora zvisina
mwero kana madirativhange chaiwo. Rangarira kuti usatiwanyora rondedzero yako zvikuru mutumbi
wayo, unofanira kuziva zvaurikuda kunyora wozozvironga zvakanaka. Zvino chiona kuti pfungwa
dzakodzakanyatsorondana nemusoro wenyaya. Kushandisa tsumo, madimikira,enzaniso
nenyaudzosingwi zvinokubatsira kujekesa zvaunotaura nemazwimashoma. Zvinowedzerawo kutapira
kwerurimi rwaamai. Pamusoro paizvozvomuverengi anoonawo kuti unoziva chiShona chine
chamandorokwati.(c) Mhedziso Nyatsocherechedza kuti basa guru remhendero
nderokupendera,rungano kuti muverengi aone kuti nyaya yakunosvika kwamvura yachekamakumbo
ogutsikana nemafambiro enyaya namaperero ayo. Izvizvinokwanisika chete kana pfungwa
dzerondedzero dzanga dzakarongwanomazvo. Zvakangofananawo nekuvakwa kwemba, kana muvaki
wembaakanyatsoronga hwaro hwemba, chidziro chemba yake nedenga rachoharizonetsi kuturika.
Pfungwa dzakanyatsorongwa neumhizha dzichitevedzanazvinogutsa, dzinobatsira kuti muverengi
anyatsoona gwara renyayanamagumo ayo. Yeuka kuti rondedzero yako haifanirwi kungopera
sedambarinowa mumuti asi zvine urongwa negwara rakarongeka.Heuno muenzaniso
wemhedziso‘Chinokanganwa idemo, muti wakatemwa haukanganwi. Kutsondwa
kwandakaitwanaHazvineyi hakubvi pamoyo pangu. Ndikatarisa mbonje dziri pamuviri wangundinobva
ndangorangarira zuva randakadzidziswa naHazvineyi chakatadzisa imbwakuseka kunyenama ichigona.’

28 ZvokuitaTinoda kuti muchidzidzo chinotevera undiudze manyorerwo erondedzero

akanakakupfurikidza nokundinyorera rondedzero yako iwe woga ine musoro unoti,Musi wandakaona
ndondo2.5 Misambo Vanhu vanoshandisa misambo yakasiyana-siyana zvichienderana nenzvimbo
yavariuye nechiitiko chinenge chiripo. Nokudaro unokurudzirwa kunyatsoongororamisambo iyi zvine
udzamu nokuti misambo ndihwo upenyu hwevanhuhwavanorarama zuva nezuva. Zvino muchidzidzo
chino uchadzidza pamusoropemusambo wekumhoresana panzvimbo dzakasiyana - siyana nekubata
maoko.Tinovimba zviitiko zvese izvi wakambosangana nazvo uye unoziva maitirwoazvinoitwa sekutaura
kwandamboita kuti misambo upenyu hwatinorarama zuvarimwe nerimwe.2.5.1 Musambo
wokumhoresanaKumhoresana itsika yedu yaVaShona senzira yokubvunzana upenyu uye mufaro.Patsika
yedu munhu mudiki akasangana nemunhu mukuru kwaari anotarisirwakukwazisa neruremekedzo
rukuru kwazvo. Kana ari mwanasikana anofanirwa kutyoramuzura kana achikwazisa vakuru. Kana ari
mukomana anofanirwawo kuchonjomarakutaridza rukudzo kuvanhu vakuru. Tsika iyi nanhasi ichiri
kuitika uye tinotarisira kutiiwe unoitawo sokudaro kana uchimhoresa vakuru. Vamwe vana vamazuvano
ndivovava kungomhoresa vakuru vakamira kuita kunge mabvi avo ane minzwa. Vanotindicho
chizvinozvino nyamba kwete kutyora tsika dzedu dzaVaShona. Kunyangemumabasa umo vashandi
vechidiki vanotarisirwa kukwaziva vakuru vanenge varipopabasa neruremekedzo. Uhu ndihwo hunhu
hwakanaka.Wakambocherechedza here ambuya vachikwazisana nemukwasha wavo, vanoitasei?
Tinodaira wakaona kuti vanomhoresana neruremekedzo izvo zvinotaridza kutivanyarikani. Madzisahwira
ndiwo oga anomhoresana asina rurumekedzo nokutivanhu vane ushamwari uye vakasununguka kana
vari pamwe chete.2.5.2 Musambo wekuchechiTinodaira wanzwisisa musambo wokumhoresana. Tave
kuenderera mberinemisambo tichidzidza pamusoro pemusambo wekuchechi. Uchiri kurangarira
herezvawadzidza pashure apo pamusoro pemusambo tichitaridza kuti misambo upenyuhwatinorarama
zuva rimwe nerimwe. Tinodaira unomboendawo kusvondo. Ikokokuchechi kwaunoenda kune musambo
unoshandiswa wakasiyana nemusambounoshandiswa kumisha. Pasichigare VaShona vainamata Mwari
kuburikidza
 29nemidzimu yavo, naizvozvowo nokuuya kwakaita Chirungu vanhu vazhinji vavekusiya kunamata
vadzimu vavo vachinamata Mwari. Chitendero cheChikristoichi chakaunza shanduko apo vanhu vava
kuenda kuchechi dzakasiyana-siyana. Wakambocherechedzawo kuti muchechi umu munoshandiswa
mutaurounoenderana nokunamata. Tinoda unyatsoongorora musambo wokutaura muchechi uri
kutevera:Mufundisi Moyo:Mangwanani munhu waMwariMai Devure: Mangwanani Mufundisi, mamuka
sei henyu munhu waShe?Mufundisi Moyo:Ndamuka kana mamukawo. Hope ndidzo
dzandiremera.Takarara kumunamato weusiku hwose kwaMai Matenga avovanosimbirwa nomuviri.Mai
Devure: Hii! Makaita henyu munhu waMwari, ini handina kungendaunzwa munamato iwoyo. Iii! Mwari
ngavakuitirei nyashaMufundisi. Ini ndange ndamukira hangu kuno kuchechikuzotsvaira.Mufundisi
Moyo:Zvakanakai,asi musati matanga ngatimbonyengeterai Mwarivatibatsirei pazuva ranhasi tisati
tatanga mabasa edu akasiyana –siyana. Vose vanotsinanisa meso avo pasi mufundisi vachinamata.
Vapedza vose vanoti, Ameni!Mai Devure: Maita zvenyu mufundisi nemiwo Mwari vakuitirei
zvakanakazuva ranhasi. Chiregai ndichitanga kutsvaira vanhu vasati vauyakumunamato
wemangwanani.Mufundisi Moyo:Chiregai ndikusiyei muchiita basa renyu, tinosangana
zvinozvinopamunamato.Mai Devure: Ndatenda chose munhu waShe. ZvokuitaTinovimba kuti
wanzwisisa pamusoro pemusambo wekuchechi. Zvino tinodaundotsvagurudza pamusoro pemusambo
wekubata maoko kana kuti musamboweparufu.2.5.3 Musambo wekubata maoko/
wokurufuUsaenderera mberi usati wanzwisisa chikamu chapfuura nokuti zviri muchikamuichocho
zvinokubetsera kunzwisisa zviri muchikamu chino. Wakakwanisa herekunotsvagurudza musambo
wekubata maoko. Tinovimba wakawana ruzivorwakazara pamusoro pemusambo wekubata maoko
parufu.Wakambocherechedzawo here kuti rufu haruna zera kana nguva. Kazhinji munhuanogona kufa
mushure mokunge arwara kana kusarwara uyewo kuwirwa nenjodzidzakasiyana-siyana. Pachivanhu
chedu kana munhu achinge afa mushure mekurwara

30kwenguva refu unonzwa vanhu voti “regai vazorore zvavo.” Mashoko aya haarevikuti vanenge vafara
nokuda kwechiitiko ichi asi kunenge kuri kuda kurerutsachiitiko chorufu. Nedzimwe dzenguva munhu
unogona kunzwa kuti ashaya pasinakunzwisisa urwere, anogona kuva angomuka akafa kana kuwirwa
netsaona dzakaitasemotokari, mabhazi kana mafashamu emvura kana dzimwe njodzi dzakangosiyana-
siyana. Munharaunda dzatinobva vanhu vane nzira dzavanotevedza dzokubatamaoko dzakati siyane
nevamwe asi musiyano wacho mudiki diki chose zvizhinjizvakangoda kufanana. Tinodaira kuti
zvawakaunganidza zvichakubatsira zvikurukunyatsonzwisisa pamusoro pemusambo uyu wokubata
maoko.Kurwa chinhu chinorwadza zvikuru nokuti munhu anenge arasikirwa nomudikanwiwake angava
mwanasikana, mwanakomana, murume, mudzimai, hanzvadzi,tete,amai kana baba kana upi zvake
anenge akakukoshera muupenyu hwako.Wakaona here kuti ukasawana vanhu vanokushingisa panguva
yakaoma kudaiunoremerwa zvikuru. Ndokusaka uchiona kuti pakaita rufu vanhu vanomhanyavakananga
ikoko kwaita rufu kunobata maoko nenzira yokunonyaradzananevarasikirwa nehama yavo. Ikoko ndiko
kubata maoko. Kana munhu asvikapanhamo anotarisirwa kuchema kana kubata kumeso uye
kuzvininipisa,vachikumburana senzira yokunyaradzana nemhuri inenge yarwa.Wakamboona here kuti
munhu akasvika parufu anotaura mashoko anoenderananokuchema kana kunyaradza. Madzisahwira
nevaroora ndivo chete vanofanirwakuita munemo kuitira kurerutsa rufu kuti varwa
vasanyanyoremerwa nerufu

31urwu. Imwe nzira inoitwa parufu kurerutsa nekunyaradza varwa kuridza ngomanekuimba. Vanhu
vanenge vachitamba asi nekuda kwekuuya kwedzisvondo vamwehavachatamba vanongoimba vagere
pasi. ZvokuitaZvino tinoda kuti utsvagurudze mashoko anotaurwa nevanhu kana vachibatamaoko.
Tinovimba wakambonzwawo mashoko iwaya okubata nawo maoko pamwepangava pamba penyu
paitika rufu kana pavavakidzani vako. Ndeapi mashokoanotaurwa panguva yakaoma kudai ayo
anosimbisa varasikirwa nehama yavo?Mhinduro dzinotarisirwa"Tine urombo nekushaikirwa nehama
yedu""Nenhamo dzatiwira""Nedzoi !""Nematambudziko!""Nenhamozve dzatanzwa" Vamwewo ndivo
vanenge vachichema vachitaura mashoko angava okunyunyuta,kana kudemba hama inenge yashaika.
Rangarira kuti kuchema hakusi kwegakunoratidza kuti munhu arwadziwa nechiitiko chorufu, vamwewo
vanoratidzanekutaura mazwi okurwadziwa, kuzunza musoro uye kurova maoko. Mazuvanovanhu vave
kupfeka zvipfeko zveruvara rutema, kusunga twuchira twutsvuku kanatwuchena ndezvimwe
zvinoratidza kusuwiswa kwechiitiko chorufu. Zvimwewozvinogona kusava zvoruvara rutema asi zvinenge
zvakadzikamirawo kuratidzaruremekedzo rwokupedzisira. Madzimai anogonawo kusunga mazambiya
uyemadhuku kuratidza ruremekedzo. Makore ano vanhu vave kusungira michekamitsvuku pamikova
inopinda padzimba dzavo kuratidza kuti pamba apa paita rufu.Iye zvino misambo yajeka zvikuru kwauri
zvekuti ukasangana nemimwe misambomuchidzidzo chino hauiti dambudziko. Rangarira• Usaenderera
mberi nokudzidza zvikamu zvinotevera usina kunzwisisa chikamuchaunenge uri kudzidza panguva
iyoyo.• Unogona kubvunzawo vamwe vemunharaunda mako kuti vakubatsire kutiunzwisisa
nezvemisambo yeVaShona.

32 Pfupiso yechitsaukoTinovimba wabatsirikana zvikuru nechitsauko chino. Zvakakosha kuti

urambeuchiverenga chikamu chaunenge usina kunzwisisa. Chitsauko chino chabatazvakasiyana-siyana
zvinoti:• Mhando yemibvunzo yenzwisiso• Kushandisa madimikira muzvirevo• Tsananguro uye
maumbirwo echipauro• Chimiro cherondedzero• Misambo inoti wokumhoresana, wekuchechi uye
wokubata maoko. BvunzoNguva : maawa maviriMamakisi : 100RayiroPindura mibvunzo yoseNyora
zvinoverengekaMibvunzo yose inofanirwa kupindurwa neChiShona chakanaka
cheteNyeveroZvichakubatsira kushandisa mazano awakawana muzvitsauko zvawakaita . Yeukayambiro
dzose dzawakapiwa dzinoenderana nekupindura mibvunzo iyi nomazvo.Chikamu chokutanga:
RondedzeroSarudza musoro wenyaya mumwe chete pane mitanhatu inotevera iyiugonyora rondedzero
yako ina mapeji anokwana mana chetea) Nyora tsamba kushamwari yako uchimukoka kumutambo
wekupembereramwana wehanzvadzi yakob) Nyora nyaya inopedzisira ichiti 'Dai chisiri chimvuramabwe
chakanayandingadai ndakabudirira pazano rangu”c) Imbwa nyoro ndidzo tsengi dzamatovod) Magariro
aVaShonae) Kukosha kwemvura muupenyu hwavanhuf) Kuvigwa kwasekuru vangu
 33Chikamu chipiri : Nzwisiso (30)2 . Verenga detembo rinotevera ugopindura mibvunzo neChishona
chakanakaGanyamutoMiseve yezuva yakanga yorova muzvidzinzinzi Nzvidya dzotanga kukumbira fodya
nechirungu Varoora vachipaza makuhwa vachibva kumafukuInguva yekukohwa, mbudzi dzokara
samare.Ndopaakapedza kudya zvake mhandireMadhuviko aiva mufudzi mupangamiUta hwake nonge,
katemo nechipendani choronoN'ombe dzake nembudzi kochomore, ndiye hosviAkapindamo muDitima
muna majaraunga namaguturudziAsati amboti pano napapi, akanzwa yachema mbudzi Yarupiwa
runzwara rwomumutsipa pasina chikwereti.Mbudzi ichiregererwa kwakadaro sukuDzimwe dzikati
manana ei, dzachiti unga ungaImwe yarupiwa zvakare, kutswinya kunodzura nyamaMadhuviko neake
makarukaru akati ndasvikaKundoti kwake banhama wanei pane rufu, muvarevareZimbwa chairo,
ganyamuto, mbama inopinda munyamaApa mwana akatanga ushamwari nemhepoNgarivhunike ndiise
rimwe, zvitsitsinho zvorova gotsiSvikei pamusha shoko rembada seseture. Vakuru vanga vari padoro
rediramhamba Vahuchocha zvokuti kuona ingwe vaiti ikitiHwahwa hwainge hwadimbura mbariro
dzemisoro yavoKungonzwa iri shoko, vose vakava chindoendavo Vose vaida kundoita
mukomberabenziZvirema namapofu zvakashunguvira kuendavoAsi zvakagomberwa nechakanyadza
Munengami.Akatungamira furere ravanhu Madhuviko Vamwe tsvimbo, mitswi, mapfumo, nyundo,
vamwe maoko cheteUzhinji zvainzi tingondozvionera tavapoZvayakanga yatema mbudzi gumi
nedzinouraudziraMbada yakanwa ropa ikasiya chopisa chimedzoNdopayakanzwa vanhu kuti hiri hiri, iyo
mumuti godiMuswe wayo tsviki yonge inoshoperaPaakangosvikoona mbudzi dzake
murakatira,Machekano akaridza mapika ndiye hwanja nonge

34Oitozomoramo mumuti womuuzhe. Vanhu vose vakagoti nayo, iyo ikati murume kwaabvirana
Voikuzhumura, asi vose kupotsa bedzi, dzamara azoiti napamhuno tendengu iyeDzibakeNdiyo ngoma
yayairwarira imbwa mhengo, ganyamuto Yakatsvikidza, ndokutsvikidza, ndokutarira vanhu,
ndokusudurukaWanei imbwa pasi apa yava njonjonjoMbada ikati ndakuda Machekano,
ndakuganhaIchibva yaita hwe-ee, gwe, chamukwaku mukwaku chakareva teteHoyo museve, svikei paari
gumi rakadya vaviri!Nyundo yaiva nayo Machekano kwakadaro gwendere,Zvose pasi zviviri zvasviba,
yamugara mutunduruNzara dzayo mumabvi nyata nyata, ndebvu dzotosanganaPaakazviti banhama
Dzibake, uta hwake pasi warakataZvokuurairwa sekuru negara achiona akazvirambaKubva chiri
chihwiriri svikei mushwe wayo hetu!Uroyi hwembuya, uku yakaka, imbwa ndiko kwakaenda tsuroBva
paya regai zvikomba zvitsukutane.Kuzoti imwe chembere yakazivira nezvamambureNorukano rwayo
rutsvetutsvetu, ndiye musoro ga!Mbada rukutu, vose sare maronda kuti nye-eMbama dzembada
dzinopinda munyama, imbwa ganyamuto.(Kubva munaMabvumira enhetembo J.C Kumbirai ) a) Inguva
ipi yegore yakataurwa mundima ? (1)b) Ipa zita remutambi mukuru apiwa mudetembo. (1)c) Chii
chachemedza mbudzi? (2)d) Ipa mazita enzvimbo dzakapinda mutambi uyu. (1)e) Tsanangura manzwi
uye ndevo dzinotevera sokushanda kwadzakaitwamundima yawaverengai) mufudzi mupangami (2)ii)
Ganyamuto (2) iii) doro rediramhamba (2) iv) hwadimbura mbariro dzemusoro (2) v) mukomberabenzi
(2) f) Ndezvipi zvombo zvakashandiswa nevanhu kunorwisa ingwe (4)g) Ipa madimikira maviri akapiwa
mudetembo rawaverenga . (2)h) Nyora pfupiso uchitsanangura maitiro akaita vanhu pavakahwa
nezveingwe yakange yapedza mbudzi . (10)
 353. Chikamu chetatu : Mashandisirwo emutauro (10)Isa zvipauro zvingangoshandiswa pamazita
anoteveraZitaChipauro VasikanaKambwaIngweMiseveMutiNyurura zvipauro zviri mutsumo dzinotevera-
matende mashava mavazva doro- mbeva zhinji hadzina marise- matanda makuru mazungunitswa-
nzombe huru yakabva mukurerwa- hove huru dzinodyira kana kovira2. Manzwi anotevera mazita
nezvipauro zvakavhengana. Ita kuti zita rimwe nerimwerive nechipauro chakakodzeraMuenzaniso jira -
jenagudo rava dzvuku zino shora hombeChikamu chechina : Misambo (10)Kubva mudetembo
rawaverenga waona here kuti Madhuviko paakadzokera kumbakunozivisa vanhu nezvekurumwa
kwembudzi akawana vanhu vari parufu. Sokuonakwako ndeipi misambo yaishandiswa nevanhu apo
vaienda uye pavakanourayaingwe. (10)Chikamu 2 Magariro evaShonaMhinduro dzaitarisirwa1a)Kunyora
tsamba kushamwari uchimukoka kumutambo wekupembereramwana wehazvanzi yako mutsva. -
nzvimbo ichaitikira mutambo- vanhu vanenge vachitarisirwa kuvapo- zvokudya zvichadyiwa - zvipo
zvichapiwab) Kunyora nyaya inopera ichiti “Dai chisiri chimvuramabwe chakanayandingadai
ndakabudirira pazano rangu” unofanirwa kunyora nyayainopedzisira nemashoko iwaya

36c) Kunyora nyaya inobudisa pachena chimiro chokuti imbwa nyoro ndidzotsengi dzamatovod)
kutsanangura mamwe Magariro eVaShona akaita seanotevera- rufu - mushandirapamwe- wanano -
ushe - kuzvarwa kwemwana- kurima- kuvhima- mitambo- mukwerera/ birae) kupa kukosha kwemvura
muupenyu hwavanhu sokuti:i) kumwa ii) kugeza iii) kudiridzaiv) kutapudza guruvav) kugadzirisa magetsi
vi) kushandisa mumakambanif) kutsanangura kuvigwa kwasekuru vako- unongona kuisa pfungwa
dzekuvigwa uchishandisa veNyaradzo kanamamwe makambani- kuisa pfungwa yekuvigwa nenzira
yechivanhu- kuburitsa zvakakubata parufu urwuChikamu chepiri : Nzwisisoa) yokukohwab) Madhuvikoc)
Dzakanga dzarumwa neingwed) Tsananguro yemanzwi uye ndevoI) mufudzi mupangami - Aida zvikuru
zvipfuwo zvake nomwoyo woseii) Ganyamuto - mbama inopinda munyama uye inorwadza semare iv)
doro rediramhamba - doro rebira v) mukomberabenzi - kundobatsirana kuuraya ingwe vasina
kurongeka/kuranganaf) - tsvimbo- mitswi- mapfumo - nyundog) Miseve yezuva yakanyorova
muzvinzinzinzi- ushamwari nemhepo- zvitsitsinho zvotema gotsi- mbudzi dzake murakatira

37h) Pfupiso : - maitiro akaita vanhu- vanhu vose vakaenda kwaionekwa ingwe- Vose vaida kunoita
mushandirapamwe kuuraya ingwe - zvirema nemapofu zvaida kuendawo - vanhu vainge vakabata
zvombo zvokunorwisa vamwe vaiva vasinachavakabata vaida kunozvionera nameso - Machekano
akazarirwa neshungu paakaona mbudzi dzake zhinji dzaparara - vanhu vose vakangoti nayo
vaikuzhumura asi vachipotsa - Vose vanaDzibake naMadhuviko ndivo vakazobetsera kurwisa ingwe iyi
asiyaive neukasha- imwe chembere ndiyo yakatema ingwe iyi nepamusoro nerukano mbadaichibva
yawira pasiMisambo-yokuzukudza- yokukuzvishingisa- yokutya- yokudemba- yokunemerana-
yokumhurana- yokutukana- yokusekedzana- nokurwadziwa
 38CHITSAUKO 3: TSIKA DZOKUROORERANAZviri mukati 3.1 Nzwisiso3.2 Mashandisirwo omutauro -
Madimikira3.3 Maumbirwo omutauro- Chirevauwandu3.4 Rondedzero - Manyorerwo erondedzero
akanaka3.5 Misambo- Yepadare neimwewo ZvinangwaPachapera chitsauko chino unofanirwa kunge
wave kukwanisa:• kutsanangura mazwi kana ndevo dzakashandiswa mundima
semashandisirwoadzakaitwa mundima• kunyora dimikira rine tsananguro yakapiwa• kutsanangura
chirevauwandu namaumbirwo acho• kunyora rondedzero nomazvo uchitevedzera manyorerwo
erondedzeroakanaka• kutsanangura misambo inoshandiswa pamatare uye pamitambo yakasiyana-
siyana Unyanzvi hunotarisirwa pakunzvera• Kunyora• Kuverenga• Kutaura• Kufunga zvine udzamu•
Kupindura mibvunzo zvakanaka Nguva:Unotarisirwa kuita maawa gumi muchitsauko
chinoNhanganyayaChiShona rurimi rwunonakidza kudzidza uye rwuri nyore kana iwe
semudzidziukakwanisa kutevedzera, kurangarira, kunzwisisa rairo dzaunenge wapiwamuzvidzidzo zvako.
Chinhu chinokosha kunyatsotevedza uye kunzwisisa unyanzvihwokuverenga, kunyora, kuteerera uye
kufungisisa zvine udzamu. Muchitsaukochino uchaenderera mberi nokudzidza nzwisiso, rondedzero,
mashandisirwoomutauro, maumbirwo omutauro uye misambo .Uchawana mukana wekunyora

39bvunzo yako yokutanga. Tinovimba padanho rino wava kukwanisa kupinduramibvunzo yenzwisiso,
rondedzero, mashandisirwo uye maumbirwo omutauronemisambo yakasiyana–siyana. Kushanda
nesimba uye kuzvipira kwako kuchaitakuti urerukirwe nebasa rokuita rauchasangana naro muchitsauko
chako. RangariraNyatsotevedza zvikamu nourongwa hwazvo kuitira kuti ufambidzane
nezvinangwazvechitsauko chino. Izvi zvichakubetsera kuti ukwanise kupindura bvunzo yakoyokutanga
sezvo bvunzo iyi yakazendamira kuzvikamu zvose zvawakaita padanhorino.ChenjedzoUsaende mberi
kune chimwe chikamu chinotevera usina kunzwisisa chikamu chaurikudzidza.Uchiri kurangarira here
mhando dzemibvunzo dzawakadzidza nezvadzomuchitsauko chapfuura? Tinovimba wakabata mhando
dzese dzemibvunzo uyewowava kukwanisa kupindura imwe yemibvunzo yakadaro. Zvino muchidzidzo
chinouchaenderera mberi nokubata hwaro hwenzwisiso takanangana nemibvunzo inodadudziro
yezvinoreva mazwi kana ndevo sokushandiswa kwazvakaitwa mundimakana detembo. Rangarira kuti
wakadzidza kuti mibvunzo yenzwisiso inogona kuvaichibva mundima kana mudetembo, mepu, girafu
kana zvimwewo zvinyorwa.Zvisinei, unenge uchizodudzira zvinoreva mazwi akashandiswa mundima.
Mazwiacho anogona kuva madimikira, nyaudzosingwi, tsumo kana dzimwewo
ndevodzakashandiswa.Unofanirwa kupa tsananguro yako nepapfupi kuitira kuti usarasane
nedingindiraremubvunzo wabvunzwa. Neimwe nguva mibvunzo inoda kuti iwe upe mazwianoreva
zvakafanana neakashandiswa mundima. Rangarira kuti unenge uchitarisirwakupawo mazwi anoreva
zvimwe chete neizwi kana mazwi akashandiswa mundima.

40 3.1 Nzwisiso: Kutizira mukumboVerenga ndima inotevera ugopindura mibvunzo iri pazasi payo:Tsika
yekutiza mukumbo yaishandiswa kare uye ichiri kuteverwa kana nanhasiuno. Mukumbo uyu uri napaviri.
Pane kutiza mukumbo nokutizira mukumbo. Kanamusikana achinzi atiza mukumbo anenge abva pamba
pababa vake ega achiendakuchikomba chake. Mwanasikana aisvika pakutiza mukumbo nezvikonzero
zvakatikuti. Zvimwe zvacho ndizvo zvinotevera; mwanasikana kana achinge ashereketanemukomana
wake obata pamuviri otizira kuchikomba chake pamuviri paye pasatipanyanyoonekwa navanhu.
Musikana anenge adai haamiriri kuzotorwa nokutipamwe chikomba chiye chinenge chongotsenga-
tsenga mukanwa. Dzimwewonguva musikana anosvika pakuzotizira nokuda kwekugara kwakaipa
pamushasenherera zvikuru kana vabereki vake vafa.Kareko kana uya asina pamuviri aigonawo
kungotizira chikomba chake. Izvi zvaiitwanemutsigo nokuti musikana aimiririra kuzotorwa nechikomba
chake. Pakutiziramukumbo chikomba chacho ndicho chinotuma vanhu vacho kuenda kunotoramukadzi.
Urongwa hwacho hwaiitwa nevabereki vemurume. Vainotanga varumawovatete nzeve kana mbuya
vacho vomusikana kuitira kuti vasazorohwa nehana.Pakutizisa mukumbo apa panenge paine wirirano
yakakwana pakati pemusikananemukomana.Kana jaya rafunga kuita zvokutizisa mukumbo rinenge
raona kuti nzira chaiyoinofanira kuteedzwa iri kure uye inorinonotsa. Raitanga ratora mukadzi
rozorongaharo zvokunoroora iro richibikirwa. Ndizvo zvimwewo nemusikana anenge atiza

41mukumbo. Zvokumirira nzira kwayo zvinenge zvamuitirawo kure. Pamwewo jaya iririnenge risina
pfuma yakakwana inodikanwa pakuteedza nzira nguva iyoyo nekutipamwe musikana anenge atsika. Kuti
rimirire kukokorodza pfuma mwana wevanhuari pamusha wababa vake zvaizomupinza mune zvinetswa
zvakawanda.Pamwe mukumbo uyu waiitwa mushure mekunge mukadzi uyu ambokumbirwanenzira
yakanaka mukumbo waizotevera. Chaiitawo apa ndechekuti pamwe jahairi rinenge raudzwa kuti
ndatsika mwedzi miviri kana mitatu kuti vamirire urongwahwekuzoperekwa zvinenge zvisisaiti nokuti
mazuva anenge achifambawo. Panengepakadai apa zvinenge zvichirevawo kuti murume uyu anenge
achingobvunzirakuri kubata kumeso vanatezvara kuitira kuti mwana wavo ozoshaikwa
varegekuzonyanyotya kuti akaenda nokwani. Mukumbo uyu waiwanzorongwa kuti uitikepachivande
zvisingazivikanwi navabereki vemusikana kunze kwatete kana mbuya. Vaviri ava ndivo vanorumwa
nzeve. Dzimwewo nguva mai nyakutumbura vanengevanyeurirwawo.(Yakadzokororwa :Kubva muna
Tsika DzavaShona, na J.M.Gombe)Tinovimba waverenga ukanzwisisa nyaya iyi uye wakambonzwa kana
kuti unogaranemunhu akaroorwa nenzira dzatsanangurwa pamusoro. Kana zvakadaro kunzwisisakwako
kunobva kwajeka. Kana usina kunzwisisa verengazve kusvika iwe wagutsikanazvekukwanisa kupindura
mibvunzo inotevera.Tsanangura zvinorehwa nemazwi anotevera sokushandiswa kwaakaitwa
mundimayawaverenga: (i) chongotsenga-tsenga mvura (2) (ii) varuma vatete nzeve (2) (iii) richibikirwa
(2) (iv) kukokorodza pfuma (2) (v) atsika mwedzi miviri kana mitatu (2)(b) Ipa mazwi anofanana neaya
kubva mundima yawaverenga: (i) zvakavanzika (1) (ii) mukomana (1) (iii) vashaika (1) (iv) mimba (1) (v)
roora (1)(c) Ndezvipi zvikonzero zvinoita kuti musikana atize mukumbo? (2)(d) Ndezvipiwo zvikonzero
zvinoita kuti mukomana atizise mukumbo? (2)(e) Ndivanani hama dzemusikana vaitaurirwa kana
musikana oda kutizamukumbo (1)
 42 Mhinduro dzinotarisirwaNdinotarisira kuti wawana mhinduro dzinotevera dzenzwisiso yawaverenga.
(i) chinenge choramba kana kunzvenga –nzvenga (ii) vanyeurira kana kutaurira vatete (iii) richibikirwa
sadza , mukadzi atova pamba (iv) kutsvaka nekuunganidza pfuma yeroora (v) kuva nepamuviri pane
mwedzi miviri kana mitatu(b) (i) pachivande (ii) jaya (iii) vafa (iv) pamuviri (v) pfuma(c) kana musikana
akange asina kugara zvakanaka ndokunge vabereki vashaikaaienda kunogara nemukomana wake uyezve
kana musikana akaona kuti avanapamuviri aitizira kumukomana wake pamuviri pasati paonekwa
navaberekivake.(d) mukomana akaona kuti nzira chaiyo yokuroora zvakanaka inofanirwakutevedzwa iri
kure uye inomunonotsa uyezve jaya rikange risina pfumayakakwana inodikanwa pakuteedza nzira nguva
iyoyo nekuti pamwe musikanaanenge atsika .(e) vatete kana mbuya
vomusikana.ChenjedzoWacherechedza here kuti mhinduro dzose dzapiwa dzange dzichibva
mundimayawaverenga nokudaro mibvunzo mizhinji inoda kuti upindure uchishandisamhinduro dziri
kubva mundima. Dzimwe dzenguva imwe mibvunzo inogonakudawo mafungiro ako asi wakarerekera
kune chinyorwa chawaverenga. Wagonachose kana wapindura mibvunzo yose.3: 2 Mashandisirwo
omutauro – Madimikira3:2:1 Kunyora madimikira ane tsananguro yakapiwaMuchitsauko chapfuura
wakadzidza kushandisa madimikira muzvirevo, tinovimbawakanyatsobata chidzidzo ichi. Zvino
muchikamu chino uchaenderera mberinokudzidza madimikira asi wakanangana nokupa dimikira rine
tsananguro yakapiwa.Kazhinji tsananguro inenge yakapiwa ichida kuti iwe unyore dimikira
ringafanananetsananguro dzinenge dzakapiwa. Izvi zvinoita nyore chete kana wakabatazvidzidzo
zvakapfuura zvemadimikira apo wainzi unyore tsananguro yerimwenerimwe dimikira rakapiwa.
Kunyatsowo noruzivo pamusoro pomutauro wakadzamazvinokubetserawo kuti upfavirwe nekupa
dimikira rine tsananguro yakapiwa.

43 ZvokuitaNyora madimikira anowirirana netsananguro dzinotevera:Kudada zvakapfurikidza (1)Kutuka

kana kurova mwana usingamuudzi zvaanenge atadza (1)Kunyanya kufarisa zvichizoita kuti zvinhu
zvikushatire (1)Kuzvipinza mumatambudziko nechinhu chisina nebatsiro kwauri (1)Kupengera vamwe
zvakanyanya (1)Kuita bira rokugadzira munhu akafa (1)Kufambira chinhu chisina maturo (1)Kuda varume
kana vakadzi zvakapfurikidza (1)Kutumwa munhu asingadzoki nokukurumidza (1)Kubva kwemusikana
pamba pevabereki vake kana aita pamuviri (1) ChenjedzoDzimwe tsananguro dzinogona kuva
nemadimikira akawanda, nokudaro iweukawana tsananguro dzakadai ipa madimikira acho ese kuitira
kuti usarasikirwanezvibodzwa zvako. Uyezve zvinotaridzawo kuti uri nyanzvi yomutauro weChiShona.
Rangarira Uwandu hwemhinduro dzako ngahufanane neuwandu hwemibvunzo nokuti kanazvisina
kudaro, unenge uchinyora dimikira risingawirirane netsananguro yakapiwa.Madimikira abvunzwa ndiwo
anofanirwa kunyorwa kwete kuzonyora tsanangurozvakare. Mhinduro DzinotarisirwaUkange wagona
seizvi tinodada newe asiwo ukange wakundikana tinodairaucharamba uchidzokorora chikamu ichi.
Ramba uchiverengawo mamwewomabhuku angakubatsira omutauro weChiShona uyezve kubvunza
shamwari dzako.• Kutsenga mvura ichibuda masvisvinwa• Kurova imbwa wakaviga mupinyi• Kurasa
muswe•Kura mafufu segonzo• Kudya marasha• Kurova guva• Kufambira dhongi rakaora• Kuva
nemesomeso• Kuva bete rawira mumukaka• Kutiza mukumbo
 443.3 Maumbirwo omutauro - ChirevauwanduMuchitsauko chapfuura wakadzidza pamusoro
pechidudziramazita chinonziChipauro. Wakadzidza tsananguro, maumbirwo nebasa racho. Izvi
zvimwechetezvonechirevauwandu. Chirevauwandu ndechimwe chezvidudziramazita ichochinoratidza
uwandu hwevanhu kana zvinhu, nekudaro chinenge chichitodudzirazita. Zvirevauwandu zvine madzitsi
kana kuti zvinopedzisira nemavara anoti:/ga-//se-//-mene/Haanoi maumbirwo anoitwa
Chirevauwandu:Chivakashure Chechirevauwandu + dzitsi rechivarewanduChivakashure
Chechirevauwandu dzitsi rechivarewandu t - - oga zv - - ose r - - osech - - omeneHeinoi mienzaniso
yokushandiswa kunoitwa chirevauwandu. Vanhu vose / veseMinda yose/ yeseMambo omeneBadza
rogaPanofanirwa kuva newirirano pakati pezita rinodudzirwa nechirevauwandu. Sakakusanduka–
sanduka kwezvirevauwandu kunofambirana norudzi rwezita ririkududzirwa. Zvokuita1. Chivakashure
chechirevauwandu chinotaridza chii? (3)2. Chidudziramazita ichi chinozove nechivakashure chomunhu
wokutanga,newechipiri newechitatu. Tsigira izvi uchipa muenzaniso pamunhu umwenoumwe.( 11)3.
Nyurura zvirevauwandu zviri muchinyorwa chinotevera.(6)Mutemo wokubva zera unotaura iwo kuti
munhu wose ari pasi pemakore guminemasere kunze kokunge aroora kana kuroorwa anotorwa
somunhu achiri pwere.Naizvozvo anofanirwa kumiririrwa pazvinhu zvose zvaanoita. Pakadzikwa
mutemouyu muna 1982 wakapa vanhukadzi chidanho chokuzvimirira voga kokutanga.Mutemo uyu
wakaonekwa zvakasiyana navanhu vomuno. Vazhinji vanoona

45sokuti makore gumi nemasere oga mashoma kuti munhu agonzi ava nekodzeroyokuzvimirira.
Vamwewo ndivo vanoti iwo mutemo womene wakanaka chete vanhundivo vasinganzwisisi. Dai zvaibvira
vanhu vose vaidzidziswa maererano nomutemouyu. Mhinduro DzinotarisirwaTinovimba wawana
mhinduro sedzakadai:1. Chivakashure chinotaridza bato, uwandu noushoma.2. Munhu wokutanga
Umwe nd – o- mene vakawanda t- o- mene - Munhu wepiri Umwe w- o- mene vakawanda m –o- mene -
Munhu wetatu Umwe - o- mene vakawanda v- o-mene w- o- mene y-o- mene r-o- mene o- mene3. wose
zvose voga oga womene voseTinodaira wanzwisisa chidudziramazita cheChirevauwandu. Sezita
rachochidudziramazita ichi chinotsaura chinhu chiri kutaurwa nezvacho nokutaridzauwandu.3.4
RondedzeroMuchitsauko chapfuura wakadzidza pamusoro pechimiro cherondedzero apowakadzidza
kuti rondedzero ine nhanganyaya, mutumbi uye mhedziso. Zvinomuchikamu chino uchaenderera mberi
nokudzidza pamusoro perondedzero asitakanangana nemanyorerwo akanaka erondedzero. Kuti
rondedzero yako inziyakanaka ndokunge wanyatsokwenenzvera zvinhu zvakaita sekuchenjerera
zvimiso,kupatsanura, kubatanidzwa nokupereterwa kwamazwi.3.4.1 ZvimisoPakunyora rondedzero yako
rangarira kuti unoshandisa zvimiso zvendudzidzakasiyana – siyana. Kazhinji zvimiso zvinotevedzera
kuzorora kwatinoita kanatichifema patinenge tichitaura.Wakambozviongorora here izvi? Zvimiso
zvikashaikwa
 46kana kutadza kushandiswa zvinogona kutadzisa muverengi kunzwisisa zvakanyorwa.Nokudaro
nyatsocheredza mashandisiro aunoita zvimiso zvako pakunyorarondedzero yako. Heunoi muenzaniso
wemashandisirwo ezvimiso: Zita rechimiso Basa racho. chindaguma chinoshandiswa panoperera
chirevo, chifemo/ chiturabefu chinoshandiswa pakati pechirevo uyepanombomiswa pfungwa isati
yapera? chibvunzo/ chibvunzi chinoshandiswa panoperera mubvunzo! chikatyamadzo/ chikuwo
chinoshandiswa panoperera chirevo kanamazwi anotaridza kushamisika kana kutya.: koroni
Inoshandiswa pakati pechirevo kutaridza kutimamwe mazwi kana dzimwe pfungwa dzirikutevera; koroni
isina kuzadzikiswa Inoshandiswa pakati pechirevo kutaridza kutimamwe mazwi kana dzimwe pfungwa
dzirikutevera“ ’’ nyora Dzinoshandiswa kutaridza mazwi ataurwanemumwe munhu.Dzinoshandawo
kuratidza kuti izwi kanamazwi haasi omutauro mumwe chete neurikushandiswa pakunyoraMavara
mukuru Anoshandiswa panotanga mitsara,pakutanga mazita evanhu, nzvimbo, nzizi, zitaraMwari uye
pamazwi okuremekedza vanhu Pose paunonyora unofanirwa kushandisa zvimiso zvadomwa pamusoro
izvinekudaro ramba uchizvicherechedza paunonyora.3.4.2 ZviperengoPakunyora rondedzero yako
unofanirwa kunyora zviperengo zvakanaka nguvadzose.Usashandure mavara pakunyora, sokuti
pachinhambo chokuti tsamba, iwe wotistamba.Isa vara roga roga parinofanirwa kuva,kwete kungokanda
mavara acho.3.4.3 Patsanuro nebatanidzo dzemazwiCherechedza batanidzo uye patsanuro yemazwi ako
pakunyora rondedzero kuitirakuti rondedzero yako ive yakanyorwa zvakanaka. Pakunyora kwaunoita,
panemazwi anofanirwa kubatanidzwa kana kubatana uyewo kune mamwe asingafanirikubatanidzwa.

47 ZvokuitaNyora ndima inotevera uchigadzirisa zvose zvakaipa mairi. Cherechedzazvinotevera:•

Kushandisa kwemavara makuru• Zvimiso• Kupatsanurwa uye kubatanidzwa kwemazwi VaMazodze
munhu anoshamisa kwazvo pa ma raramiro ava noitamunharaunda yezimuto havashandi
asivanokwanisa kuendesa vanavavokuchi koro uye kuyunivhesiti vachityairi motokari yavo
uyewovanomushaunoyevedzazvikurumudzimai wavoanohsandawonesimba kudiridza bidnuravorakazara
zvirimwa zvakasiyanasiyana vanhu vomunnharaunda mavovanoshamiswazvikurunekubata kwemurume
uyu. (10) Mhinduro dzinotarisirwa VaMazodze munhu anoshamisa kwazvo pamararamiro avanoita
munharaundayeZimuto. Havashandi asi vanokwanisa kuendesa vana vavo kuchikoro uyekuyunivhesiti
vachityairi motokari yavo. Vane musha unoyevedza zvikuru. Mudzimaiwavo anoshandawo nesimba
kudiridza bindu ravo rakazara zvirimwa zvakasiyana-siyana. Vanhu vomunharaunda mavo vanoshamiswa
zvikuru nekubata kwemurumeuyu.3.5 MisamboUchiri kuyeuka here zvawakadzidza muchitsauko
chapfuura apo wakadzidza kutimukurarama kwedu kwatinoita mazuva ose tinoshandisa misambo
yakasiyana-siyana. Nokudaro chidzidzo chomusambo chinofanirwa kukunakidza sezvo zvaiitwazvacho
uchizvirarama nguva dzose. Muchikamu chino uchaenderera mberinokudzidza misambo yakasiyana-
siyana asi wakanangana nemusambo wepadareuye wemitambo.3.5.1 Musambo wepadarePadare
panoshandiswa musambo wepadare wakasiyana nomusambo unoshandiswapamusha nguva dzose.
Padare panoshandiswa mutauro wokuzvininipisa uyekuzviisa pasi petsoka dzedare rinenge richitonga.
Kana tichida kupawo pfungwadzedu padare, tinofanirwa kutaura kuburikidza nemukuru anenge aripo.
Tinofanirwakuremekedza ukuru hwose hwunenge huripo padare sokuti: lshe, madzisadunhu
/masabhuku nemakurukota. Kunyange ringava dare ramejasitiriti, dare guru, dare
 48rinotonga mhosva dzokutadza kugarisana kwavanhu kana mamwewo matare,musambo
wokuremekedza ndiwo unoshandiswa. Rangarira kuti munhu haafanirwikutaura asina kupuwa mukana
wokutaura uyewo kupinganidza vakuru vachitaura.ZvokuitaTinoda uende padare remumusha kana kuti
rekwamejasitiriti uongororematauriro anoita vanhu kana vari mudare iroro raunenge washanyira.
Tinoda kutiuzondinyorerawo zvawakaona nomutauro waishandiswa nevanhu vaive mudareiroro.
(10)Tinoziva kuti tinogara munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana asi misambo inongovayakafanana, ringava
dare rekuchirungu kana rekumamisha. Mhinduro dzinotarisirwaTinovimba wakaona zvinotevera
pakucherechedza kwawakaita dare rawakashanyira.• Vakuru vedare vanenge vakagara kwavo voga
zvichienderana noukuru hwavo• Vanotongwa vanenge vagere kana kumira voga• Kuremekedzwa
kwevakuru kana vachitaura• Kutaura kupfurikidza nemutungamiriri wedare kana uchidawo kupa
pfungwa• Kushandiswa kwemashoko anoti: pamusoroi changamire, makurukota,

49munyori, nemi mose makateerera• Kuombera kana munhu achitanga kutaura uye kana apedza
kutaura• Kuripiswa kwemunhu anenge abatwa nemhosva kana azvidza dare.• Kuzviisa pasi petsoka
dzavanhu vari padare kunyange usina mhosva. VaShona vanhu vanozivikanwa nekuva nemisambo
yakasiyana – siyanazvichienderana nenzvimbo dzavanogara. Misambo inoti;
nhimbe/humwe,mukwerera, kurova guva, kana imwewo mitambo inoungana vanhu. Kazhinji-
zhinjivanhu kana vachinge vasangana vemazera akasiyana-siyana vanowanzoshandisawomisambo
yakasiyana zvichienderana nemazera avo uye pavanenge vasanganawo.3.5.2 Tsika yekupemberera
muroora achiuya mumushaWakamboonawo here kuti panogashirwa muroora pamusha panenge paine
mufaromukuru kwazvo. Vanhu vanenge vakasununguka nekuti vanenge vavigirwa maimumusha.
Zvekudya nekunwa zvinenge zviri fararira, idzo ngoma dzichidandaurwa. Vanhu vanenge vachitaura
mutauro wokusekedzana uye wokufara. Vazukuruvanenge vachiimba vachisvotesa sekuru vavo senzira
yekufarira mbuya vatsvaava. Vaya vanenge vachiperekerwa muroora kunyanya vanatete
nemadzimbuyavanenge vachishandisa musambo wokunemerana nemuroora wavo uye kutukirirazvokuti
kana muroora asina kushinga anogona kuchemedzwa kusiri kuti vanengevachirevesa asi kuti vanenge
vachiita madanha. Avawo vanenge vauya nomurooravanenge vachinyarara uye kushandisa mutauro
wechinyarikani kuremekedza chiitikoichi.3.5.1. Nhimbe

50Pachinyakare nhimbe kana mushandirapamwe waiitwa mumana roga roga panguvaipi zvayo yegore
nechinangwa chekubatsirana mabasa akaita sekusakura, kudunhuranokuunda makombo, kucheka,
kukohwa, kupura, kuvaka, kutanhaura nzungunemamwewo mabasa. Vanhu vaitarisirwa vose kuuya
kunhimbe uye nyanhimbeaitarisirwa kupa vanhu zvokudya zvakaita sesadza nenyama uye zvekunwa
zvinotimahewu nedoro kune vanhu vakuru. Vanhu vaiuya kunhimbe vaive vakasangana vemazera
akasiyana anoti; vakurunevadiki vose varume nevakadzi. Panhimbe apa misambo yaishanda ipapo
inengeyakavhengana. Paive nechivhevhano, chisahwira, chinyarikani, chitorwa uyewochisekedzani.
Panhimbe yejakwara munhu wose aiwana nguva yokuita muchohwe,kanawo kutaura kwejee kungaitwa
pachisahwira. Izvi hazvaifanira kugumbura munhuchero chiri chokwadi chaibuda apa. Zvaitaurwa izvi
zvaifanirwa kusara pajakwaraipapo kwete kuzoenda kudzimba. Kuvepo kwevanyarikani hakwaitadzisa
kuitwakwejee. Jee iri raiitwa mukuimba nomukudeketerwa zvinoyevedza.Muchikamu chino wadzidza
nezvetsika yokupereka mwenga uyewo yenhimbe.Tinoda kuti uongorore dzimwewo tsika dzinoitwa
munharaunda maugerewakanangana nemisambo inoshandiswa patsika yoga yoga. Uchaona kuti
tsikaimwe neimwe inogona kuva nemusanganiswa wemisambo iyi zvichibva nokutindivanani vari
kutaurirana uye kuti vari panzvimbo ipi. 3.7 Pfupiso yechitsaukoTinodaira kuti wakabatsirikana
nezvikamu zvese zvawakadzidza muchitsauko chino.Tinovimbazve kuti bvunzo iyi ichaita kuti
zvawakadzidza zvinyatsojeka zvekutiukasanganazve nezvidzidzo zvakaita sezvizvi hauzoite dambudziko
pakuzopinduramibvunzo. Zvimwe zvezvidzidzo zvawakadzidza muchitsauko chino ndezvinotevera.•
Mhando dzomubvunzo yenzwisiso wakanangana nokushandisa zvawaverenga• kutsanangura ndevo
kana mazwi akapiwa• Kunyora dimikira rine tsananguro yakapiwa• Kutsanangura maumbirwo uye basa
rechirevauwandu• Kunyora rondedzero zvakanaka wakanangana nekushandiswa kwezvimiso,zviperengo
zvakanaka, kubatanidza uye kupatsanura mazwi• Misambo inotevedzwa padare nepanhimbe
dzawakadzidza nezvadzo• Kupindura mibvunzo yebvunzo zvakanaka. BvunzoPamavambo echitsauko
chino wakavimbiswa kuti uchawana mukana wekunyorabvunzo. Bvunzo iyi ichabata zvese
zvawakadzidza kubva muchitsauko chokutanga.Chinangwa chiri chokuongorora kuti wakabata here
zvidzidzo zvese zvawakaita uyekuti uri kuzviita namazvo here

51Nguva : Maawa maviri Mamakisi : 100RayiroPindura mibvunzo yoseNyora zvinoverengekaMibvunzo

yese inofanirwa kupindurwa neChiShona chakanaka chete ChenjedzoZvichakubetsera kushandisa ruzivo
namazano awakawana muzvitsauko zvawakaita. Yeuka yambiro dzose dzawakapiwa dzinoenderana
nekupindura mibvunzo iyinomazvo.Chikamu 1 : Rondedzero (50)1. Sarudza musoro wenyaya mumwe
chete pane mitanhatu inotevera iyiugonyora rondedzero yako ina mapeji anokwana mana chete.(a)
Chiroto chakandityisa(b) Nyora nyaya inopedzisira ichiti, Dai pasina kuzokwira mumuti
kwandakaitandingadai ndakaurayiwa.(c) Kurera nhiriri mumurara mangwana inofuma yokuruma(d)
Nzira yokuroora yandinoyemura(e) Kukosha kwedzidzo muupenyu hwanhasi(f) Muchato wehanzvadzi
yanguChikamu 2 : Nzwisiso (20)2. Nyatsoverenga ndima dzinotevera ugopindura mibvunzo
inoteveraneChiShona chakanakaChiShona ndeimwe mhando yemitauro yevatema inotaurwa munyika
dzomuAfricadzinoti, Zimbabawe neMozambique. Mutauro uyu unoumbwa nendimi dzakasiyana– siyana
dzine kunzwana kukuru kwazvo mukutaura. Kunyangwe zvazvo panekunzwisisana mukutaura pakati
pendimi idzi, ChiShona chine dambudziko gururokusiyana - siyana pamanyorerwo anoitwa ndimi idzi.
Mabasa okuedza kuti pavenokunyora kwakafanana kweruririmi urwu akatangisa kare chose asi nanhasi
uno VaShona vachiri kungosangana nematambudziko apo vanoedza kuperetera,kubatanidza
nokupatsanura mazwi pavanenge vachinyora. Matambudziko ayaanouya nokuti hapana bumbiro
remanyorero rakafanana rinotevedzerwa kana vanhuvachinyora ChiShona munzvimbo dzakasiyana-
siyana.Manyorero anga achitevedzwa nguva yose yapfuura iyi anga achipa dambudzikokuvatauri
vendimi dzakasiyana- siyana sezvo vamwe vakaita seVaKaranga, VaKorekore, VaNdau neVaBarwe
somuenzaniso, vanga vachitadziswa kunyorazvizhinji sematauriro avo. Vatauri vendimi idzi, vanga
vachimanikidzwa kunyora

52zvavasingatauri izvo zvanga zvichikonzera mhosho dzakawanda pakunyora kwavo.Munyorero wanga

uri wokungomanikidzira vatauri vendimi dzakasiyana kuti vanyoreChiShona chakarerekera kuChiZezuru
asi pasina wirirano pakati pezvinotaura vanhukudzimba dzavo nezvavanonyora.Kuyananisa ndimi dzose
dzinotaura rurimi rweChiShona munyaya dzezvekunyorakunobatsira kuti pave nokunyora
kwemandorokwati. Mabasa iwaya okutsvagamanyorero akafanana omutauro weChiShona akatangiswa
kare kwazvo nevafundisivedzisvondo dzakasiyana –siyana apo vaiedza kunyora Bhaibheri nenzira
imwechete. Nyangwe zvazvo vafundisi ava vakanga vaine shungu dzokunyora mutauroweChiShona
kumatunhu akawanda, pakavawo nematambudziko akawanda aiunzwanokushandiswa kwezvisungo
zvakasiyana -siyana zvokunyora mutauro umwe chete.Izvi zvakaita kuti VaShona vazvione sevanhu
vemarudzi akasiyana anoti, VaKaranga, VaZezuru, VaNdau, VaKorekore zvichingodaro.Nechido
chokuvandudza mutauro weChiShona, kune misangano nemakunganoezvekunyora mutauro
weChiShona akaitwa akawanda pachitorwa matanhoakasiyana -siyana kuedza kusimudzira kunyorwa
kwakanaka kwomutauroweChiShona chakanaka iye zvino ndechokuti varidzi vomutauro ndivo chaivo
vavakupinda mumisangano iyi vachitaura zvavanoda nezvemanyorerwo angaitwa rurimirwavo. Maonero
matsva maererano nokunyorwa kweChiShona akaita kuti kurongwemisangano yakawanda chinangwa
chikuru chiri chokutsvaga manyorero akafananapakati pendimi dzeChiShona dzinoti; ChiKaranga,
ChiKalanga, ChiManyika,ChiHwesa, ChiBarwe, ChiKorekore, ChiNdau, ChiZezuru. Nhasi uno
bumbiroromutemo rakapa simba kururimi rumwe norumwe kuti ruzvimirire rwoga uyekudzidziswa
nokushandiswa munzvimbo dzese.(Ongorora yakaitwa kubva mubhuku raHebert Chimhundu
"Manyorero akanakaomutauro weChiShona”).(a) ChiShona chinotaurwa munyika dzipi dzomuAfrica? (1)
(b) Nderipi dambudziko raivapo pakati pendimi dzeChiShona? (1)(c) Matambudziko aya anounzwa
nokuda kweyi? (2)(d) Tsvaga mazwi ari mundima anoenderana netsananguro dzinotevera: (i) chinyorwa
chinopa mirairo yemanyorerwo akayananiswa (2) (ii) matambudziko uye kuutadza kunyora (2) (iii)
ungano yevanhu vane chinangwa chimwe chete (2)(e) Tsanangura mazwi uye ndevo dzinotevera
sokushandiswakwadzakaitwa mundima yawaverenga (i) chokuvandudza (2) (ii) kuyananisa ndimi (2) (iii)
kushandiswa kwezvisungo (2)(f) Ipa matambudziko aisanganikwa nawo pakunyora (3)(g) Ndevapi vanhu
vakatanga basa rokutsvaga manyorero akafananaomutauro weChiShona? (1)

53Chikamu 3 : Mashandisirwo omutauro (10)3.Sarudza madimikira matatu kubva pane anotevera. Zvino
chitsanangurazvinoreva madimikira awasarudza aya:(a) Kubaya moyo (1)(b) Kuva nomusoro (1)(c)
Kuruma nzeve (1)(d) Kubaya gudo nomukanwa (1)(e) Kutsvaga dzvene (1)(f) Kurova guva (1)4. Sarudza
madimikira mana pane anotevera, ugoashandisa muzvirevouchibudisa pachena zvaanoreva:(a) Kumera
zenze kumusana (1)(b) Kurumwa nechokuchera (1)(c) Kuzvidya mwoyo (1)(d) Kurovera shaya pasi (1)(e)
Kurimirana kumuganho (1)(f) Kusekera muhapwa (1)(g) Kutungana kwembudzi (1)5.Nyora madimikira
matatu pane anotevera anowirirana netsananguro inapane dzinotevera:(a) Kugarika panzvimbo kana
pabasa zvokuti unenge wava nemasimbamakuru (1)(b) Munhu anobvotomoka pane vamwe
asingakwanisi kuzvidzora (1)(c) Kudherera munhu mukuru zvokuti unogona kuita chero zvaunoda
paari(1)(d) Munhu anenge anonotswa asi iye ava kuda kuenda nokukasika (1)(e) Kutaura kunoita
muzukuru kuna vasekuru vake achivatsvinyirakunyange vari mukuru kwaari(f) Munhu anonzi ane uroyi
(1) Chikamu chechina : Maumbirwo omutauro (10)6. Doma mazita ezvidudziramazita zvose
zvawakadzidza (6)7.Chipauro chinodudzira zita nokutaridza zvinoti ----,------,----- (3)8. Ipa maumbirwo
echirevauwandu (1)Chikamu chechishanu: Misambo (10)

549.Tsanangura misambo inotevera sokudzidza kwawakaita uye kuti zvaiitwakare zvichiri kutevedzwa
here:(a) musambo wekumhoresa (2)(b) musambo wekuchechi (2)(c) musambo weparufu (2)(d)
musambo wepadare (2)(e) musambo wepanhimbe kana jakwara (2)

55CHITSAUKO 4: NDIMA DZENZWISISODZAKASIYANA -SIYANAZVIRI MUKATI4.1 Nzwisiso - Mhando

dzenzwisiso4.2 Mashandisirwo omutauro - Tsumo4.3 Maumbirwo ematauro - Chiverengo4.4
Rondedzero – Nzira dzemanyorero4.5 Misambo – Pakaungana vanhu ZvinangwaPakupera kwechitsauko
chino unotarisirwa kunge wave kukwanisa :• Kudoma uye kunzwisisa mhando dzendima dzenzwisiso•
Kupa tsananguro yemaumbirwo echireverengo• Kutsanangura tsumo nemashandisirwo adzo•
Kutsanangura nzira dzekunyora rondedzero yakanaka• Kutsanangura misambo yapakaunganiwa uye
musambo wekukumbira Nguva: Unotarisirwa kuita maawa gumi uri pachitsauko chino Unyanzvi
hunodiwa pakunzvera• Kudoma• Kutsanangura• Kufungisisa zvine udzamu•
KuongororaNhanganyayaMuchitsauko chino uchaenderera mberi nokudzidza unyanzvi hwamazuva
ose,hunova hwekutaura, kunyora, kuverenga nekuteerera. Ruzivo rwauchawanamuchitsauko chino
ruchaita kuti ukwanise kubudirira muzvidzidzo zvako zvokuperapadanho rino. Chitsauko chino
chakakosha nokuti uchava noruzivo nezvoupenyuhwamazuva ano nemanyorero eChiShona akanaka.
Zvichakubatserawo kutiunyatsotora nguva yako muchikamu chimwe nechimwe kuitira kuti
usadarikirwanezvimwe zvakakosha.

56 4.1 Nzwisiso4.1.1 Mhando dzendima dzenzwisisoNzwisiso inokwanisa kuva inobva mundima

yenyaya, nhetembo, nganonyorwa,mepu, girafu, bepanhau, nziyo uye makatuni. Uchiri kurangarira here
mhandodzemibvunzo dzawakadzidza muchitsauko chapfuura. Mibvunzo iyi ndiyo imwechete
inongobvunzwa pamhando dzendima dziri kutsanangurwa muchikamu chino.Unogona kupiwa nzwisiso
yeimwe yemhando dzakapiwa kuti upindure mibvunzo.4.1.1.2 Nzwisiso yenyayaIyi ndiyo nzwisiso
yatinovimba kuti wave neruzivo rwakanyanya nezvayo. Iyi inyayakana nganonyorwa, bepanhau kana
ngano pfupi yekuti uverenge ugopinduramibvunzo yapihwa. Unenge uchitarisirwa kuti uverenge uye
kunzwisisa ndimayacho. Chinhu chikuru chinodiwa pakuverenga ndima yacho kunzwisisa
zvinorevamazwi ose akashandiswa mundima yawaverenga.4.2 Mashandisirwo omutauro - TsumoUchiri
kurangarira here zvidzidzo zvese zvawakadzidza pamusoro pemadimikira.Wakagona kunyurura
madimikira kubva mundima dzawakapiwa uyewo kushandisamadimikira muzvirevo. Zvino muchitsauko
chino wave kuenderera mberinokudzidza zvirungamutauro wakanangana netsumo.4.2.1 Zvinotarisirwa
patsumo• Tsumo kutaura kune udzamu uye kunoratidza ungwaru hwavakuru vakare.Nokudaro chinhu
chinokosha uye chakakodzera kuti iwe semudzidziweChiShona uve noruzivo maererano netsumo.
Mapindurirwo anoitwamibvunzo yetsumo anosiyana zvichinderana namabvunzirwo anenge
akaitwamumwe noumwe wemibvunzo yacho naizvozvo unofanirwa kungwarirazvinotevera• Kuzadzisa
zvidimbu zvetsumo• Kunyora tsananguro yetsumo• Kunyora zvinoreva tsumo• Kupa tsumo inenge
yakafanana neyakapiwa• Kupa tsumo inopesana neyakapiwa

574.2.2 Kuzadzisa zvidimbu zvetsumoTsumo dzinogona kushandiswa dzakagurisirwa. Tsumo yokuti

moyo muti unomerapaunoda, kazhinji vanhu vanoishandisa vanowanzoti, moyo muti. Iwe
unofanirwakuziva kupedzisa tsumo yoga yoga. Mubvunzo unogona kupiwa zvidimbu zvetsumouchinzi
udzizadzise. ZvokuitaZadzisa tsumo dzinotevera uchiisa mazwi akakodzera.1. Mwoyo muti2. Ukama
igasva hunozadziswa3. Aiva madziva ava .4 . amai havaroodzwi.5. hunozadziswa nokudya.6. haibvi
negosoro7. Gumwe rimwe8. Kure kwemeso9. Kutsva kwendebvu10. Uswa hwenyati ndohwava
mudumbuRangariraRangarira kuti mukupindura mubvunzo uyu, chinhu chokutanga kunyora
nhambayomubvunzo, nokuzonyora tsumo yose zvakazara. Tinovimba wakwanisa kuwanamhinduro
dzinotevera:i. ………………………..unomera paunodaii. ………………………hunozadziswa nokudyaiii.
………………………..ava mazambukoiv. Nhamo inhamo………………………………..v. Ukama
igasva………………………….............vi. Zvikoni zvikoni mimba………………………..vii. ……………………..haritswanyi
indaviii. ……………………nzeve dzinonzwaix. ……………………..varume vanodzimuranax. ………………………huri
pamuromo inofa nahwo4.2.3 Kunyora tsumo ine tsananguro yakapiwaZvakakoshawo kuti ukwanise
kupa tsumo ine tsananguro yakapiwa. Izvi zvinoita kanaune ruzivo rwakanaka uye rwakakwana
rwetsumo. Unokwanisa kupiwa mubvunzounoda kuti utsvake tsumo inoenderana netsananguro
yakapiwa. Rangarira kuti kune

58dzimwe tsananguro dzinogona kuva netsumo mbiri. Nokudaro nyatsoongororatsananguro idzi usati
wapa tsumo dzacho. 4.2.4 ZvokuitaNyora tsumo dzinowirirana netsananguro dzinotevera.• Kana munhu
watambudzika unogona kuita zvimwe zvisina musoro wose.• Hakuna munhu angafembera zvaunofunga
kana usina kuzvitaura iwepachako.• Kana chinhu chichinge chaitika kunyangwe chakashata chatotika
hazvichabvirikuchidzorera kumashure.• Munhu anozowana chinhambo chokutaurira vamwe
nezvenjodzi huru kanachimwe changa choda kukanganisa upenyu hwake apunyuka kubva
machiri.Munhu uyu aidai asina waataurira• Kana munhu akafumurwa kana kupiwa rombo rakaipa
nechimwe nechimwechinhu chinenge chatozarura nzira kune zvimwe zvinotevera kuti zviitikozvimwe
kwauri.• Munhu anogona kuita chinhu chaanga asingafungidzirwi kuti angaite.• Munhu anenge
akapfeka manyatera arinani kune anofamba asina chaanachomutsoka4.2.5 Tsumo dzinoreva
zvakafananaDzimwe dzenguva unokwanisa kupiwa tsumo dzakafanana. Unotarisirwa kuti upetsumo
yakafanana neyakapiwa. Tsumo dzakafanana dzinenge dzine tsananguroyakafanana kwete kuti dzinenge
dzakafanana pachimiro. 4.2.6 ZvokuitaSarudza tsumo ina chete kubva pane dzinotevera. Zvino chitsvaga
dzimwetsumo dzinoreva zvimwe chete nedzawasarudza.i. Rinoziva zvaro garwe kubata gadza richisiya
munhu.ii. Mazvokuda mavanga enyora.iii. Mbudzi kudya mufenje hufananyina.iv. Chaitemura
chavekusevav. Ukuru urema hauvanzwi.vii. Totenda dzamwa mombe dzaswera nebenzi.viii. Moyo
womunhu ndishe wake.

59 Mhinduro dzinotarisirwai. Chakachenjedza ndochakapa ronda.ii. Chida moyo hamba yakada

makwati.iii. Kurera imbwa nomukaka mangwana inofuma yokuruma.iv. Aiva madziva ava mazambukov.
Rina manyanga hariputirwivi. Totenda maruva tadya chakata.vii. Chiri mumoyo chiri muninga.4.2.5
Tsumo dzinopesanaTsumo dzinogona kuva nedzakafanana kana kuva nedzimwe
dzinopesana.Zvakakosha kuti uve noruzivo rwakadzama pamusoro petsumo kuitira kuti ukwanisekupa
tsumo dzinopesana. Tsumo dzinopesana dzinenge dzichipesana zvadzinoreva.Edza kutsvagurudza
pamusoro petsumo kushamwari kana vamwewo vane ruzivorwadzo.Somuenzaniso:1. Mbeva zhinji
hadzina marise/mashe inopesana noyekuti Rume rimwe harikombi churu.2. Mwana asingachemi anora
mumbereko inopesana neyekuti Mugoti unopiwa anyerere ZvokuitaZvino chitsvaga tsumo dzinopikisana
nedzinotevera:1. Chinono chine ngwe bere rakadya richifamba2. Murombo haarovi chine nguo3. Kashiri
kasingapambari hakanuni4. Kakara kununa hudya kamwe5. Wegudza ndewegudza kutenga jira rinotsva
Mhinduro dzinotarisirwa1. Kumhanya handiko kusvika.2. Apunyaira haashayi musodzi3. Zingizi gonyera
pamwe maruva enyika haaperi.4. Chipavhurire achakodzwa5. Aiva madziva ava mazambuko

604.3 Maumbirwo omutauro - ChiverengoPadanho rino tinotarisira kuti wava kuziva chipauro
nechirevauwandu. Muchidzidzochino uchadzidza pamusoro pechidudzirazita chechiverengo.4.3.1
ChiverengoChiverengo chinoratidza kuwanda kwezvinhu. Chakasiyana nechirevauwandu pakutiicho
chinonyatsodoma uwandu hwacho.Heuno muenzaniso:-Tinoda badza rimwe-Vawana chingwa chimwe-
Pachikoro panga pane kamwana kamwe kegaChidudziramazita ichi chinoburitswa nemadzitsi acho anoti,
– mwe, -mwe uye i? /-mwe/ inoreva:Kuverenga kokuisa mumapoka zvinhu zvichisiyaniswa sokuti;
Vamwe vakuru Vamwe vachiri vechidikiKuwedzera sokuti; ndipe zvimweNdabatsirwa noumwe murume
wandisingazivi /-mwe/ inorevaNhamba yokutanga sokuti; umwe cheteNdiye umwe chete wakareDzitsi
iri rinosiyana neriri pamusoro nokuti iro rinodaidzwa nehwidzazwisezvaratidzwa pamusoro. /-i?/
inorevaInoburitsa pfungwa yekubvunza sokuti;Ingava mhandoi?Akadii?Mwanai?4.3.2 Mashandisirwo
eChiverengoSezvimwe zvidudzuirazita, cheverengo chinofanirwa kuve nesungawirirano nezita
ririkududzirwa sokuti: Vamwe vasikanaMudzidzisi mumwe chete
 61Maumbirwova- chivakashure-mwe dzitsiCherechedza kuti zvivakashure zvinoratidza bato, uwandu
noushoma sezviri patafurainoteveraMupandaChivakashureDzitsi1mu--mwe2va--mwe3mu--mwe4mi--
mwe5ri--mwe6ma--mwe7chi--mwe8zvi--mwe9i--mwe10dzi--mwe11ru--mwe12ka--mwe13tu--mwe14u--
mwe15ku--mwe16pa--mwe17svi--mwe18mu--mwe19svi--mweSemadzitsi ose, dzitsi rechiverengo ndiro
rinopa zvinoreva chidudzirazitacheverengo. Zvokuita Verenga chindima chinotevera ugodoma
zviverengo iri machiri.Chimwe chinhu chikuru chinoitwa navamapepanhau ndechokupindura
dzimwetsamba dzakanyorwa navaverengi. Vanogona kupindura ivo pachavo kanakukumbira umwe
munhu kana nhengo yechikwata chanyorerwa kupindura tsambaiyi.naVaMasocha W.N: (Denhe Roruzivo
2)

62 Mhinduro dzinotarisirwaNdinovimba wakwanisa kuwana zviverengo muchindima

chawaverenga.Muchindima chiri pamusoro mune mazwi anoti:chimwedzimweimweKuti
unyatsonzwisisa pamusoro pechidudzirazita chechiverengo, zvakakosha kutiugare uchiverenga mamwe
mabhuku anotaura nezvomutauro kuitira kuwedzeraunyanzvi hwako.4.4 RondedzeroMuchitsauko
chapfuura wakadzidza manyorero erondedzero akanaka. Wakadzidzakuti rondedzero yakanyorwa
nounyanzvi inofanirwa kuva nezviperengo zvakanaka,kushandisa zvimiso zvine mwero uye kuchenjerera
batanidzo uye patsanuroyemazwi. Muchikamu chino uchaenderera mberi nekudzidza
pamusoropemanyorero akanaka apo uchadzidza nzira yemanyorero erondedzero akanaka.4.4.1 Nzira
yemanyoreroPane nzira dzemanyorero erondedzero dzakawanda dzinogona kushandiswa kurukanyaya
yerondedzero. Nzira dzemanyorero dzinosanganisira dongoreramberi,nhendeshure nedzimwewo.
Muchikamu chino tichaongorora zvinotarisirwa panziraimwe neimwe. Zvichakubatsira kuti unyatsobata
manyorero aya kuitira kuti ukwanisekunyora rondedzero inonwisa mvura.4.4.2 NhendeshureIyi inzira
yemanyorero apo munyori anotanga kunyora zviitiko zvemberi kanakuti zviitiko zvokumagumo
kwenyaya yake. Zviitiko zviri pakati uye kwekutangakwenyaya zvinozouya mumashure zvichiita
sekutsanangura kuti zvii zvakaita kutinyaya izove painenge yava. Nzira yekunyora yenhendeshure
inowanzoseenzeswamukunyora rondedzero dzetsanangudzo dzauchadzidza muzvitsauko
zvinotevera.Heunoi muenzaniso wenhanganyaya yemhando yemanyorero enhendeshure.4.4.3
DongoreramberiAya manyorero anotaridza zviri mberi iwe usati wasvika pazviri. Manyorero
ayaanowanzoitwa nevanyori vemabhuku apo vanotinyeurira zviri mberi kwebhuku isutisati tasvika
pachiitiko chacho. Manyorero anounyanzvi uye anoita kuti muverengiadokwairire kuziva zviri kumberi
kwenyaya. Kuti ukwanise kushandisa manyoreroakadai zvakakosha kuti uverenge nganonyorwa
dzakasiyana-siyana.

63Zvimwewo zvakakosha pakunyora rondedzero kushandisa mutauri wokutanga uyewepiri kana

wetatu. Mukunyora rondedzero munyori anogona kushandisa mutauriwokutanga, wepiri kana wetatu
zvichibva nesarudzo yake. Kazhinji- zhinji mumweanowanzosanganisa vatauri ava nguva dzose.4.4.4
Mutauri wokutangaMunyori anenge achitsanangura nyaya achizvipinza mairi sokuitika
kwazvinengezvakaita. Mutauri anenge achitsanangura zvinhu zviri kuitika kana kuti zvakaitikanaiyewo
aripo uye ari mutambi munyaya yaari kutsanangura. Panoshandiswa mazwiakaita seaya; /ini/,
/ndi-/Heunoi muenzaniso wenyaya pfupi yakanyorwa ichishandisa mutauri wokutanga.Ndainge
ndakarara zvangu pasi pomuzhanje ndakatsamira mutsigo wangundichiteerera kamhepo kaifuridza -
furidza mashizha omuti uyu. Kunze kwaingekwapisa zvomene zvokuti nyange masvosve ainge
asingaonekwi kunanaira. Ndinizvangu ndainyatsonakirwa nechirongwa chedzimudzangara, chekwaziso
apopaitekenywa nziyo dzainakidza chose. Hapana chimwe zvacho chaiva mupfungwadzangu kunze
kwekutonhorerwa nemumvuri womuzhanje uyu. Ndakatangakunzwa maungira andisina kunzwisisa kuti
aiva eyi. Zvisinei ndakaenderera mberinokuteerera kwaziso zvangu. Ndini uyo ndiri kuzunguzira musoro
apo ndakanzwakunanairwa nechokumusana. Ndakakwakuka ndichidanidzira, “Mhaiwe!
Nyoka!”Wakange uri uno muzvambarara wezinyoka yemhando yemhakure wakange wodakundipfuudza.
Ndakabereka tsoka ndakananga kugota uko kwandakandodanamukoma Tsungai avo vairava zvavo
mabhuku avo kuti tizobetserana kuuraya zinyokariye.(Ndima iyi yakanyorwa naLister Matsilele haina
kutsikiswa) Ukacherechedza kanyaya aka uchaona kuti munyori akashandisa mutauri wekutanganokuda
kwekushandisa zvivakazwi zvinoti;/ -nda-/, /-ndi-/Izvi zvinotaridza kuti munyori ainge ari mukati
menyaya iyi uye ndiyenyakurondedzero nyaya yacho zvinobva zvapa kakutendeseka kwenyaya.
Nokudaromanyorero akadai anoda kuti uve nyanzvi yokukwanisa kuruka nyaya inonakidzamuverengi.
ZvokuitaSokutaura kwatamboita pamavambo echikamu chino ndaratidza kuti kunemanyorero emutauri
wepiri nowetatu. Tinoda utsvagurudze kuti ndeapi manyoreroaya. Zvino tinoda unyore nyaya pfupi ine
mutauri wepiri uye wetatu zvakasangana.

64 Mhinduro inotarisirwaTinovimba wakanyatsoongorora uye kucherechedza kuti zvinyorwa

zvizhinjizveChiShona zvinowanzonyorwa zvichishandiswa mutauri wepiri kana wetatuzvakasangana.
Munyori anenge achitsanangura zvinhu zvakaitika kana zvaakanzwa.Nokudaro anoshandisa mazwi
enguva yakapfuura sokunyorwa kwakaita ndimainotevera. Vanhu vazhinji vakamboedza nzira
dzakawanda kuti vabate mbavha yainge yopedzambudzi uye hwai dzavo asi kuti hapana chavakawana.
Kuba uku kwainyanyakuitika panguva yechirimo apo zvipfuyo zvisingachafudzwi. Nerimwe
ramazuvambavha yakapona nepadikidiki kuti ibatwe. Vanhu vakaidzingirira pachiruguchaVaChinoto
payakange yoda kuba gondohwe ravo iro raiyemurwa nomunhuwose muruwa mavo.Vanhu havana
kuora mwoyo asi vakaedza kuibata chete.Rimwe zuva mbavha iyi yakazowanikidzwa iri muchirugwi
cheimwe chirikadzi yainziNyarai ichiedza kusunga muromo wembudzi wayakange yaba. Haina kunge
yazivakuti vanhu vakange vanyeurirwa kare nechirikadzi iyi kuti painge paita munhumuchirugwi chayo.
Vanhu vose vakange vauya vakagadzirira zvombo zvehondondokusvikokomba chirugwi chiya vachibva
vaibata.4.5 MisamboUchiri kurangarira here kuti kubva muchitsauko chokutanga uri kudzidza
misamboyakasiyana-siyana. Ndinovimba uri kunzwisisa zvidzidzo izvi uye wave kukwanisakuongorora
zviitiko zvakawanda uye misambo inoshandiswa pachiitiko chosechose. Sezvo takambokurangaridza kuti
misambo mararamiro atinoita seVaShona,naizvozvo zviri nyore kuti unzwisise chidzidzo ichi.4.5.1
Musambo wepakaunganwa/ paungano VaShona vanhu vanozivikanwa nekuita magungano kana
kuungana nezvinangwazvakasiyana-siyana. Pangava pamitambo, ndufu, mishandirapamwe kana
zvimwezviitiko zvakaita sekurova makuva, kuroorerana kana mamwe mafaro setsikanemagariro evanhu
vatema. Nokudaro chakakosha pachiitiko chimwe nechimwekucherechedza zvinotevera sokutaura
kwatamboita muchikamu chokutanga:• Kucherechedza vanhu vatiri kuda kushandisira misambo
watasarudzapanguva iyoyo. Zvakakoshawo kuziva kuti vanhu vatiri kutaura navo ndivanani•
Kucherechedza nzvimbo yatiri kushandisira misambo watasarudza:• Zvakakoshawo kuti tizive nzvimbo
yatiri kuti tigone kuita sarudzo yemusambowakakodzera• Kushandisa mazwi anopindirana nemusambo
watiri kushandisa.• Cherechedza kuti mazwi awashandisa haazokonzeri maonere akasiyana-siyanasokuti
kana pananatezvara unogona kuzoita sewavazvidza.

65• Kushandisa muviri wedu zvakanaka patinenge tichitaura kuti zvatinotaurazvipindirane nekutaridzika
kwouso kana miviri yedu.• Kupfeka zvipfeko zvakakodzera. Rangarira kuti zvipfeko ndeimwe
nzirayematauriro anoita vanhu. Nokudaro zvipfeko zvakakosha zvinoita kutimisambo unyatsozadziswa.
Musambo wechinyarikani haunyatsobudirira kanamunhu ari kuushandisa asina kupfeka zvakakodzera.
Kana chiri chinyarikanichechiroora, muroora ane mapfekero okuti vanhu vakamuona vanobva vazivakuti
uyu muroora nemapfekero ake.Cherechedzo yezviga izvi zvose sezviri pamusoro inoita kuti ugone
kubudiriramumusambo waunenge uchishandisa pakaunganwa. Zvakakoshawo kuti uzivekuti
pakaunganwa panosiyana-siyana naizvozvo panogona kushandiswa musamboyakasiyana-siyana
seinotevera:• Musambo wokusekedzana• Musambo wokunyarana• Musambo wokugunun’una•
Musambo wokupopota• Musambo wokuganza• Musambo wokudemba• Musambo wokukumbira•
Musambo wokushorana• Musambo wokubata maoko• Musambo wokukakavadzana• Musambo
wokutuma• Musambo wopabasa• Musambo wokunamata ZvokuitaSokutsanangurirwa kwawaitwa
pamusoro apo maererano nemisambowepakaunganwa, waona here kuti zvakakosha kuongorora zviitiko
zvakawandauye misambo inogona kushandiswa pazviitiko zvose. Zvino ongorora mifananidzounotevera
ugodoma kuti ndeipi yeimwe misambo ingangoshandiswa paunganoyakata seiyi.

66 Mhinduro inotarisirwaUngano: Musangano wekupera kwegore pachikoro chesekondariMisambo

ingangoshandiswa:Sachigaro anogona kushandisa misambo yakasiyana-siyana seinotevera:•
wokukumbira• wokusekedzana• wokuzvininipisa/ kunyarana• wokutenda• wokukumbira•
wokukurudzira• wokugunun'una Vabereki pamusangano vanogona kuva nemaonero anoita kuti
misamboyavanoshandisa ivewo yakasiyana-siyana seinotevera:• musambo wokupopota• musambo
wokugunun'una• musambo wokukakavadzana• musambo wokushorana• musambo wokudemba•
musambo wokunyarana• musambo wokutenda• musambo wokusekedzana• musambo wokukumbira•
musambo wokuganza

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