Polygraph Examination: 02A-Forensic5-Wk1 Development of The Lesson

02A-FORENSIC5-WK1 DEVELOPMENT OF THE LESSON
POLYGRAPH EXAMINATION
It is a psychophysiological test of deception or recognition sometimes referred to as lie-detection as a term
of convenience. The following term also refers to polygraph examination:
a. Psychophysiological Detection of Deception – is a common scientific term use to denote the
employment of polygraph to diagnose deception.
b. Psychophysiological Veracity (PV) Examination – an alternative expression proposed by James
Matte to describe the process of making an assessment of truthfulness or deception using a
polygraph.
c. Forensic Psychophysiological Detection of Deception Examination – is a process that
encompasses all activities that takes place between a forensic psychophysiologist and an examinee
during a series of interaction to include; pretest interview, use of polygraph in collecting the
physiological data and test data analysis.
POLYGRAPH
A polygraph is a device used to accurately monitor, records and measure physiological changes including
respiratory, electrodermal, cardiovascular and vasomotor activity during a period of test. The term polygraph
was derived from Greek word polygrapho; poly means many and grapho means to engrave or write.
TRIPOD FOUNDATIONS OF POLYGRAPH EXAMINATION

• Mechanical Leg Premise
The instrument is capable of producing graphical recordings of subject’s physiological response during the
data collection phase.
• Physiological Leg Premise
The changes in physiological responses recorded by the instrument are associated with the stimulation of
the autonomic nervous system in response to a particular type of question.
• Psychological Leg Premise
The importance of the stimulus presented to an examinee during the test requires more cognitive effort when
lying than being truthful.
PRIMARY APPROACH IN POLYGRAPH EXAMINATION

1. Deception Test
An approach in polygraph testing that is conducted to determine the involvement of an examinee to a known
incident or to multiple issues of concern. The method that will be use varies according to the examiner’s
preference and purpose of the test. These include any of the following polygraph techniques:
• Zone Comparison Technique (Backster, Federal, Utah, MQTZCT, Integrated)
• Modified General Question Technique (AFMGQT, UMGQT, AMGQT)
• Directed Lie Screening Test
• Relevant-Irrelevant Technique
2. Recognition Test
This approach in polygraph testing is intended to determine if the examinee has knowledge about the issue
being tested. An examinee who are knowledgeable on the case information or facts, will exhibits physiological
reaction when confronted with the item relevant to the test. The type of recognition test are as follows:
• Searching Peak of Tension Test
• Known Solution Peak of Tension Test
• Concealed Information Test

• Acquaintance Test
USES OF POLYGRAPH EXAMINATION

1. Diagnostic Test
It is conducted to a person suspected of involvement on a particular issue under investigation. The examinee
is tested based on the available facts, circumstances or evidence of the allegation to determine his possible
involvement or non-involvement.
• Single issue – specific test (Murder, Homicide, Robbery, Theft, Rape etc.)
2. Screening Test
This test is administered to find out if the examinee has denied any involvement on relevant questions
pertaining to a single or multiple issue of concern. It is designed to develop important information and
investigate the possible involvement of the examinee to the issue. Screening test provides concrete basis for
decision making in hiring personnel for high-risk position.
• Pre-Employment Testing (illegal drug involvement, criminal records, membership to criminal or
subversive organization, falsification of documents, etc.)
• Periodic Audit Testing (violation of company policy/security procedures)
PURPOSE OF POLYGRAPH EXAMINATION

1. To test the possible degree of involvement of the examinee to the crime under investigation.
2. To validate the truthfulness of the statement of a witness or victim.
3. To determine if the examinee has any knowledge about the issue being investigated.
4. To aid in the process of screening applicants applying for high-risk position.
5. To verify the examinee’s denial regarding violations of policy, rules or regulations.
CARDINAL RULE IN POLYGRAPH EXAMINATION
“Objectivity over subjectivity at all times”. This means that the polygraph examiner shall not be influence by
any consideration or factors in conducting the process of polygraph examination. He must diligently observe
the procedures in the conduct of pretest, chart collection and analysis of the collected polygraph data.
POLYGRAPH EXAMINER
The term polygraphist and forensic pyschophysiologist is also use to describe a polygraph examiner.
A polygraph examiner is a person who meets the training and educational requirements as set forth in the
American Polygraph Association Bylaws. In Philippines setting, a polygraph practitioner undergoes a basic
polygraph examiner’s course designed by their respective agency. The topic includes interviewing
techniques, question formulation, numerical analysis of polygraph data, history and evolution, polygraph
techniques, application of polygraph techniques, physiological basis and psychological basis of polygraph
testing, etc.
QUALITIES OF A POLYGRAPH EXAMINER

1. Must be impartial – a polygraph examiner must be professional in all aspect of polygraph examination.
The result of the test must not be influence by personal feelings, or prejudice.
2. With technical proficiency – the knowledge about the operation and function of the instrument is an
essential factor that contributes to the accuracy of examination result.
3. With high moral foundation – Polygraph examiner must maintain highest form of personal and
professional integrity. He must have the desire to enhance his proficiency in conducting polygraph
examination through continues research and training.

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02A-FORENSIC5-WK1 DEVELOPMENT OF THE LESSON

TRIPOD FOUNDATIONS OF POLYGRAPH EXAMINATION

PRIMARY APPROACH IN POLYGRAPH EXAMINATION

• Concealed Information Test

USES OF POLYGRAPH EXAMINATION

PURPOSE OF POLYGRAPH EXAMINATION

CARDINAL RULE IN POLYGRAPH EXAMINATION

QUALITIES OF A POLYGRAPH EXAMINER

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