Ybxtj>
 Ybxtj> Hmrdjs Qo``bf, iospjlovbf bh gttps>//www.irovolcmdmibhy
Qo``bf, gttps>//www.irovolcmdmibhy.djh.ar/cuom-ib-sbtups
.djh.ar/cuom-ib-sbtups  
Iomcrmhmãäj B-ajje> Fudms Qjdgm (mcmhbr1?Kchmof.djh)
Ofustrmãäj im Dmpm> Fudms Qjdgm (mcmhbr1?Kchmof.djh)
 

Tuhíroj
=. Mbrjioláhodm....................................................................
Mbrjioláhodm.....................................................................0
.0

1. [lbus................................................................................7

4. @rbojs...............................................................................==
@rbojs...............................................................................==

9- Cbjhbtrom.......................................................................=4

9.=. Dmhamcbh...................................................................=9

9.1 Yjb................................................................................=3

9.4 Dmstbr............................................................................=3
2. Hjtjr...............................................................................=7

0. Io`brbldomf........................................................................1=

3. Tuspblsäj......................................................................14

3.= Hjfms.............................................................................19
Hjfms.............................................................................19
3.1 Qocoibz ij djlnultj ib suspblsäj................................10

3.4 Mhjrtbdbijrbs..............................................................4;

3.9 Amrrms bstmaofozmijrms....................................................4=

 

Oltrjiuãäj
Jfí pofjtj vortumf! Lbssb bajje, vmhjs bxpfodmr djhj `mzbr sbtup ljs sohufmijrbs ib djrroim.
djrroim .
 Mtrmvïs ib uh cuom ib sbtups, vmhjs tb blsolmr m mdbrtmr j dmrrj ljs njcjs ib djrroim. Bstb
b-ajje orí mnuií-fj ib uhm `jrhm cbrmf, jlib bxpfodmrbhjs djldbotjs qub säj djhuls mjs
sohufmijrbs bh cbrmf. Mnustbs bspbdèdjs vjdî bldjltrm bh ljssj dursj, jlib bxpfodmhjs
pbdufomroimibs ib dmim dmrrj, mfïh ib iospjloaofozmr tutjromos ib postms, tbfbhbtroms b sbtups
prjltjs pmrm vjdî.

[rol
[roldo
dopm
pmff ib tu
tuij
ij>> J md
mdbr
brtj
tj ij dm
dmrr
rrjj lä
läjj `m
`mrí
rí ho
hofm
fmcr
crb.
b. Cbrmfhbltb, bfb läj ï =;;%
rbspjlsívbf pjr uhm io`brblãm ib hmos ib = sbculij. Jutrjs `mtjrbs pjibh bstmr oldfusjs b
j proldopmf ibfbs ï m pofjtmcbh. Tb vjdî bstí hmos fbltj qub uh pofjtj qub ï hmos fbltj qub
vjdî bh jutrj dmrrj ju jutrj sohufmijr, jutrms sotumãòbs ibvbh sbr mlmfosmims> Tb j
prjafbhm ï bh uh dmrrj bspbdèdj, m pofjtmcbh ib sbu rovmf pjib bstmr abh mprohjrmim

pmrm j dmrrj, ní djlgbdblij sbus fohotbs. Ossj j pbrhotb `mzbr djrrbãòbs hmos sutos lj dmrrj,
fgb pbrhotolij utofozmr uh sbtup hmos mcrbssovj. Djlcurmãòbs ij prôproj njcj pjibh bstmr
olubldomlij tmhaïh, djhj rjtmãäj ib vjfmltb, afjquboj ib iorbãäj, `jrdb `bbiamde  b
  b mtï
hbshj sblsoaofoimibs ib boxj, bh dmsjs hmos rblmijs. Mfïh ib tuij, sb sbu djhputmijr
djstuhm fgb smajtmr, djlsoibrb qubims ib @[T ju uh njcj pjudj uèij tmhaïh uh
prjafbhm. B pjr h, sbu vjfmltb. Pjfmltbs djh hmos rbdursjs ib @@A, sblsoaofoimib ib pbimf
pjibh soh imr uhm pbqublm io`brblãm. Lmim qub supbrb ijos iïdohjs, hms sb sjhmij
mjs prjafbhms dotmijs mltbrojrhbltb, pjibh uftrmpmssmr uh sbculij.

Mltbs ib tuij, väj mquo mfcuhms iodms qub oräj `mdofotmr j ibsblvjfvohbltj ij sbu sbtup,
bdjljhozmlij sbu prbdojsj tbhpj.

@mãm sbu sbtup djh mfcuhm bstrmtïcom bh hbltb. Mj hjltmr sbu sbtup, vjdî ibvb mj
hbljs pblsmr bh uhm jribh ib mnustbs. Bxostb uhm `msb qub djlsoibrj ‖prï-mnustbs‘ qub
säj djrrbãòbs aísodms bh brrjs arutmos lj sbtup b ibpjos m `msb rbmf ib bioãòbs, jlib
imrbhjs uhm iorbãäj pmrm j qub `mrbhjs b pjr h, uh mnustb rblmij, ausdmlij pjr
ibtmfgbs. Bstrmtïcom qubr iozbr, sbcuor uh prjdbiohbltj, sb vjdî vmo mftbrmr uh pjudj dmim
vmfjr,, ju sb vmo `jdmr bh mfcuhms pmrtbs bspbdèdms ij dmrrj b ibpjos pmrtor pmrm m p
vmfjr prôxohm.
rôxohm.
 

Fbharb-sb qub js pmráhbtrjs ij dmrrj säj rbfmdojlmijs, bltäj sb vjdî djlsbcuor dgbcmr
prôxohj ij pjltj oibmf bh ibtbrholmij sbtjr ij dmrrj, pjib sbr qub qumlij djhbdb m
hbxbr bh jutrm pmrtb, mdmab ibsdjlcurmlij j qub `bz mltbs, tblij qub rb-mnustmr pmrm ms
ljvms dmrmd
mdttbrèstotoddms. Cbrmfhbltb, bx
bxoostbh mfcuhms bstrmtïcoms aís
aísodms.

Djrroim/Dfmssodmãäj> Bssm ï m hmos aísodm b hmos prmtodmim. J oibmf ï sbhprb `mzbr (qumlij
pjssèvbf), uh sbtup pmrm m dfmssodmãäj b jutrj pmrm m djrroim. Ossj pjrqub bxostb uhm sïrob
ib `mtjrbs qub pjibh imr mj dmrrj j híxohj ibsbhpblgj bh mfcuhms vjftms, pbriblij
bssb rothj ibpjos, blqumltj uh mdbrtj pmrm m djrroim ausdmrí m híxohm djlsostîldom, sbh
trmzbr crmlibs qubims ib ibsbhpblgj ju sustjs mj pofjtj. [jrïh, ossj bxocorí j ijarj ib
tbhpj, pjos vjdî tbrí ib `mzbr ijos mnustbs io`brbltbs. [jib sbr qub bh huotms djosms sbnmh
pmrbdoijs, hms sbu sbtup ib plbus pjr bxbhpfj, pjib sbr abh io`brbltb lj qub ioz rbspbotj
m prbssäj ib plbu b ossj pjr so sô, pjib mftbrmr tjij j djhpjrtmhbltj ij dmrrj. Tbu sbtup
ib amrrms-bstmaofozmijrms tmhaïh pjib sbr io`brbltb, djl`jrhb j djhpjrtmhbltj ij dmrrj

djh tmlqub vmzoj b dgboj b m pmrtb ij dmrrj qub rbdbab bssb pbsj, mftbrmlij j amfmlãj ij
dmrrj. 

Iovoiohjs js tôpodjs bh sbtb> mbrjioláhodm, plbus, `rbojs, cbjhbtrom, hjtjr, io`brbldomf b

suspblsäj. Tmablij
suspblsäj. Tmablij js djldbotjs aísodjs ibstms sbtb írbms, j tbu ibsbhpblgj lms postms
ororíí hu
huim
imrr dj
djls
lsoi
oibr
brmv
mvbf
bfhb
hblt
ltbb djhp
djhpmr
mrmi
mijj mj sbtu
sbtup
p pmir
pmiräj
äj j`br
j`brbd
bdoi
oijj ljs
ljs pr
prol
oldo
dopmo
pmoss
sohufmijrbs ib djrroim.
 

Cuom ib Tbtup Aísodj ij Dursj ib Mutjhjaofoshj Portumf im Irovolc Mdmibhy 

=. Mbrjioláhodm

 M mbrjioláhodm ioz rbspbotj mj uxj ij mr b im prbssäj mbrjioláhodm bxbrdoim lj sbu dmrrj.

]uml
]umltj
tj hmos
hmos oltb
oltbls
lsmm `jr
`jr m prbs
prbssä
säjj bxbr
bxbrdo
doim,
im, hmos
hmos dm
dmpm
pmdo
doim
imib
ib ib durv
durvm,
m, `rbl
`rblmc
mcbh
bh b
rbtjh
rbtjhmim
mim sbu dmrrj
dmrrj tbr
tbrí.
í. ]umltj
]umltj hbljs
hbljs mbrjio
mbrjioláh
láhodm,
odm, hbljs
hbljs dmpmdo
dmpmdoimib
imib.. Qbcufm
Qbcufmrr m
mbrjioláhodm ï amstml
mlttb sohpf
pfbbs.

Cbr
brmf
mfh
hbltb
bltb tb
tbh
hjs mdbs
mdbsssj m mn
mnuustbs
stbs
iomltb
iomltbororjs
js b trm
trmsbo
sborj
rjss ib mbr
mbrjio
jioláh
láhodm
odm,,
rbcufmlij m msm ju ‖spfottbr‘ lm iomltborm b
msm trmsborm. Bh mfculs dmsjs b
so
sohu
hufm
fmij
ijrb
rbs,
s, tm
tmha
haïh
ïh pjib
pjibhj
hjss mf
mftb
tbrm
rmrr
mps, djhj j ib Curlby — vostj lm ohmcbh ë iorbotm.

0
 

Cuom ib Tbtup Aísodj ij Dursj ib Mutjhjaofoshj Portumf im Irovolc Mdmibhy 

Djh
Djh hb
hblj
ljss pr
prbs
bssä
säjj mb
mbrrji
jiol
oláh
áhod
odm,
m, sbu
sbu dm
dmrr
rrjj cb
cbrm
rm hblj
hbljss mr
mrrm
rmst
stjj mb
mbrj
rjio
iolá
láho
hodj
dj b
djls
djlsbq
bqub
ublt
ltbh
bhbl
bltb
tb hmos
hmos vb
vbfj
fjdo
doim
imib
ib bh rb
rbtm
tms.
s. [j
[jrï
rïh,
h, lm
lmss durv
durvms
ms vjdî
vjdî sj`r
sj`rbr
bríí djh
djh
ibsbquofèar
ibsbquofèaroj
oj b amoxm pbr`jrh
pbr`jrhmldb.
mldb. Pjdî
Pjdî ibvb iblor j qumlt
qumltjj vmo usmr ib msm djl`jrhb
djl`jrhb ms
dm
dmrm
rmdt
dtbr
brès
èstotodm
dms.
s. Bx
Bxos
ostb
tb tmha
tmhaïh
ïh uh
uhmm rb
rbfm
fmãä
ãäjj @r
@rbl
bltb
tb-Y
-Yrm
rmsb
sbororm.
m. Tb vjdî
vjdî utof
utofoz
ozmr
mr pjud
pjudmm
mbrjioláhodm lm `rbltb ij dmrrj, bfb orí smor ib `rbltb b dmrí fbltj, pjrïh läj dmrí
pbrocjsj lm pofjtmcbh. Tb vjdî utofozmr pjudm mbrjioláhodm lm trmsborm, j dmrrj dmrí huotj
pbrocjsj b pjib pbribr j djltrjfb suaotmhbltb bh durvms ib mftm vbfjdoimib.  

3
 

Cuom ib Tbtup Aísodj ij Dursj ib Mutjhjaofoshj Portumf im Irovolc Mdmibhy 

1. [lbus

Bstbs djh dbrtbzm säj js proldopmos. Ï bfbs qub iblbh m mibrîldom hbdálodm ij dmrrj.
Iorbtmhbltb focmij mjs plbus, sô pjibhjs mftbrmr sum mlcufmãäj bh rbfmãäj mj sjfj djhj
bxpfodmij mltbrojrhbltb b tmhaïh, sum prbssäj ib plbus. Yuij ossj ï rbfmdojlmij m uh
djldbotj proldopmf. M iostroauoãäj ib tbhpbrmturms.

[jibhjs iovoior j plbu bh trîs amlims

ib rjimcbh. Oltbrlm, dbltrmf b bxtbrlm,
djhj vostj lm ohmcbh mj fmij. Ibssm
`j
`jrhm
rhm,, pjibhj
pjibhjss dgb
dgbcmr
cmr m pmráhb
pmráhbtr
trjs
js
hmos iblotovjs sjarb j mdbrtj ib plbus.
 M sjhm ibssms tbhpbrmturms iovoioims
pjr trîs, rbprbsbltm m tbhpbrmturm hïiom

ij plbu. M tbhpbrmturm ij plbu ï qub

7
 

Cuom ib Tbtup Aísodj ij Dursj ib Mutjhjaofoshj Portumf im Irovolc Mdmibhy 

hmlim lm mibrîldom. Tb m tbhpbrmturm cbrmf bstovbr huotj amoxm ju huotj mftm pmrm js
pmiròbs ij dmrrj, gmvbrí qubim lj ibsbhpblgj.  

 Ybhpbrmturms
 Ybhpbrmturms huotj `roms iboxmh j dmrr
dmrrjj huotj ruoh ib iorocor
iorocor,, smolij ib `rbltb bh qumsb
tjims durvms b djh pjudm dmpmdoimib ib `rblmcbh. Cbrmfhbltb, ï j `bbfolc qub vjdî tbrí
mj smor ijs pots. Ybhpbrmturms huotj qubltbs iboxmh j dmrrj huotj bsdjrrbcmioj, sb
tjrlmlij io`èdof ib pofjtmr. Cbrmfhbltb, ossj sô vmo pojrmlij sb j pofjtj läj imr uhm
mhblozmim lj ‖jvbrirovolc‘.

[mrm mdbrtmr js plbus, ibvbhjs trmamfgmr js mnustbs ib prbssäj b cbjhbtrom bh djlnultj,

proldopmfhbltb prbssäj b dmhamcbh. Ljssj janbtovj ï tbr tbhpbrmturms bquofoarmims,
cmrmltolij j djltmtj oibmf ij plbu. Ossj cbrmfhbltb sb oibltodm ljs sbcuoltbs pmiròbs> M
tbhpbrmturm bxtbrlm ï m hmos `rom, m dbltrmf m hïiom b m oltbrlm m hmos qubltb. Tb pjr mfcuh

mdmsj iurmltb ms durvms jdjrrbr jutrm sotumãäj, ï solmf ib qub j plbu bstí sj`rblij lm
mibrîldom, pjos mfcuhm pmrtb ij plbu läj bstí tjdmlij djrrbtmhbltb lj sjfj, blqumltj
jutrm bstí djh dmrcm bxmcbrmim.

Bxostbh mfcuhms pmiròbs qub vjdî pjib oibltodmr b `mzbr ms ibvoims mftbrmãòbs lj mdbrtj
ib dmhamcbh b prbssäj, djhj vostj mamoxj.

?
 

Cuom ib Tbtup Aísodj ij Dursj ib Mutjhjaofoshj Portumf im Irovolc Mdmibhy 

Jasbrvmlij m ohmcbh mdohm, sb sum tbhpbrmturm dbltrmf bstovbr huotj ol`brojr ës fmtbrmos,
sbu dmrrj bstí djh pjudm prbssäj — j dmsj ij plbu im bsqubrim. Tb sum tbhpbrmturm
dbltrmf bstovbr supbrojr ës fmtbrmos, sbu dmrrj bstí djh prbssäj bxdbssovm — djhj vostj lj
plbu ij hboj. Tb sum tbhpbrmturm oltbrlm bstovbr huotj ol`brojr ës jutrms, sbu dmrrj bstí

djh pjudm dmhamcbh. Tb sum tbhpbrmturm oltbrlm

oltbr lm bstovbr huotj supbrojr ës jutrms, bstí
djh huotm dmhamcbh. [mrm m tbhpbrmturm bxtbrlm
bxtbr lm j rmdojdèloj ï j djltríroj.

Tjarb m prbssäj ib plbus, bfm rbcufm j quäj dgboj ju vmzoj ib mr sbu plbu bstí. ]umltj
hmos vmzoj, cbrmfhbltb vjdî tbrí uh plbu djh uhm tbhpbrmturm hmos qubltb, j dmrrj pjib
dmr hmos ‖cruimij‘ bh mfculs dmsjs, sb m tbhpbrmturm ims jutrms amlims läj `jr m`btmim.
 Mftms prbssòbs ib plbu `mräj j dmrrj
dmrrj cbrmfhbltb dmr hmos sjftj, sb ossj läj m`btmr
m`btmr ms
amlims fmtbrmos. Tb vjdî qubr usmr j b`botj ‖rjff‘ m sbu `mvjr
`mvjr,, bh mfculs dmsjs ï oltbrbssmr
suaor m prbssäj trmsborm ijs plbus, pmrm `mzî-fj tbr uhm hbfgjr bltrmim ib durvm.  

=;
 

Cuom ib Tbtup Aísodj ij Dursj ib Mutjhjaofoshj Portumf im Irovolc Mdmibhy 

4. @rbojs

 M iostroauoãäj ib `rbojs (armeb

(armeb aoms) ï m `jrhm djhj m dmpmdoimib ib `rboj ij dmrrj ï
iostroauèim. Bfm ï `rbltb lj `jrhmtj @rbltb-Yrmsborm
@rbltb-Yrmsborm b ï ibloim pjr pjrdbltmcbh. Bxbhpfj>
2;%2;. Ossj soclodm qub m iostroauoãäj im `rblmcbh ij dmrrj bstí ocumf. [jrïh, läj
lbdbssmromhbltb ajh. Ljs dmrrjs ib djrroim, lm hmojrom ims vbzbs utofozmhjs iostroauoãòbs
ibsprjpjrdojlmos.
ibsprjpjrdojlmos. Ossj pjrqub ossj olubldom lj bquofèaroj ij dmrrj bh `rblmcbh b lm sum
dmpmdoimib ib djltjrlj ib durvms. @uldojlm mssoh> ]umltj hmos pmrm uh sbltoij bstovbr j
`rboj, hmos oltblsoimib tbrí, pjrtmltj> Tb bstovbr huotj pmrm m `rbltb, hmos pjssoaofoimibs ib
trmvmr js plbus lm gjrm ib `rblmcbh b pbribr m tjhmim im durvm. Ossj orí ohpbior j dmrrj ib
`mzbr ‖trmofarmeolc‘, tïdlodm qub djlsostb bh bltrmr `rbmlij lm durvm, djlsbcuolij dmrrbcmr
hmos vbfjdoimib iurmltb j trmnbtj. Djh m iostroauoãäj huotj pmrm trís, dmsj vjdî trmvb js
plbus, pjib pbribr j djltrjfb ij dmrrj suaotmhbltb, j qub muhbltm huotj m dgmldb ib
rjimr.

==
 

Cuom ib Tbtup Aísodj ij Dursj ib Mutjhjaofoshj Portumf im Irovolc Mdmibhy 

Cbrmfhbltb, pofjtjs hbljs bxpbrobltbs usmh j `rboj hmos iomltborj, djh uh dmrrj hmos
bquofoarmij, `mzblij `rblmcbh hmos `jrtbs bh folgm rbtm, pjrïh pbriblij vbfjdoimib bh
`rblmcbls fmtbrmos. [ofjtjs hmos bxpbrobltbs, utofozmh uh `rboj hmos trmsborj, pjos j rbstmltb ij
sbtup mnuim m sbcurmr j dmrrj hbshj djh m iostroauoãäj hmos trmsborm. Mfïh ib tuij, j
mdbrtj im iostroauoãäj ib `rboj ibpblib ib jutrj mnustb `ulimhbltmf lj dmrrj, pjrïh lbh
sbhprb iospjlèvbf> [rbssäj ib `rboj.

[QBTTÄJ IB @QBOJ>
@QBOJ> M prbssäj ib `rboj iblb qumf m qumltoimib ib prbssäj híxohm qub
sbrí bxbrdoim ljs iosdjs ib `rboj. Cbrmfhbltb ï ibloim pjr pjrdbltmcbh. ]umltj hmojr,
hmos sblsèvbf sbrí j tjqub ij `rboj. Ju sbnm, vmfjrbs huotj mftjs, pjibh `mzbr djh qub vjdî

trmvb sbus plbus b ibpbliblij im sum iostroauoãäj ib `rbojs, uhm rbmãäj orí mdjltbdbr
mdjltbdbr..
Iblor j vmfjr ib prbssäj ib `rboj, ibpblib ij sbu bstofj ib pofjtmcbh, ims mnuims ib
pofjtmcbh qub bstmrí utofozmlij. Tbh MAT, cbrmfhbltb ï rmrj djlsbcuor utofozmr =;;% ib
prbssäj ib `rboj. Pjdî prbdosmrí ijsmr sum pjrdbltmcbh lm pofjtmcbh, tbltmlij bvotmr
trmvmcbls pmrm mprjvbotmr mj híxohj j crop ij plbu. Djh MAT, pjib sbr qub vjdî djlsocm
usmr hmos prbssäj ib `rboj. [jrïh, hbshj mssoh bh mfculs dmsjs molim mdjltbdbh
pbqubljs trmvmhbltjs. Pjdî
Pjdî smabrí qub j MAT bstí mtovmij qumlij sbu vjfmltb djhbãmr m
trbhbr bh uhm `rblmcbh oltblsm. Bstb mnustb bxocb tbstbs, pjrtmltj vmo pmrm m postm b
bxpbrohbltm!

MAT -
MAT - J MAT ï uh otbh abh sohpfbs ib sbr rbcufmij. Tum pbr`jrhmldb ibpblib im
djlcurmãäj ijs mnustbs mltbrojrbs. [mrm `mdofodmr,
`mdofodmr, pjos bssb ï j ljssj janbtovj, pmrm rbcufmr
j MAT (otbh qub läj bstí iospjlèvbf im hbshm `jrhm bh tjijs js njcjs b dmrrjs), vjdî
ibvb mpblms smabr qub qumltj hmojr j vmfjr ij MAT, hbljr sbrí m oltblsoimib ohbiomtm im
sum `rblmcbh, pjrïh hmos bquofoarmim bfm sbrí.  

=1
 

Cuom ib Tbtup Aísodj ij Dursj ib Mutjhjaofoshj Portumf im Irovolc Mdmibhy 

9- Cbjhbtrom

 M cbjhbtrom ij dmrrj djlsostb

djlsostb bh iblor m pjsoãäj bh qub js plbus bstäj olsbroijs lj
dmrrj. Iblbh oldfolmãäj vbrtodmf, fmtbrmf b iostáldom ijs boxjs. Yrmamfgmrbhjs djh trîs otbls
proldopmos. Dmhamcbh, djlvbrcîldom b dmstbr.
dmstbr. Täj otbls qub säj djrrocoijs mj or `mzbr j
amfmldbmhbltj ij dmrrj. Lbssb dmsj, bfbs säj rbcufmijs pmrm imr híxohm pbr`jrhmldb mj
dmrrj. J djldbotj ï qub js plbus tblgmh j híxohj ib djltmtj lj hjhbltj ib bs`jrãj.

 Pmfb fbharmr
fbharmr qub pmrm `mzbr j mdbrtj im cbjhbtrom j oibmf ï trmamfgmr djh tbfbhbtrom, hms sb
läj `jr pjssèvbf, ví pbfjs djldbotjs tbôrodjs. Pmfb fbharmr tmhaïh qub ms vbzbs hbshj
sbcuolij ms tbjroms im tbfbhbtrom, j mnustb oibmf läj `uldojlmrí abh bh tjijs js
sohufmijrbs. @ozbhjs tbstbs im hbshm tbjrom bh dmrrjs ocumos bh sohufmijrbs io`brbltbs b
läj `uldojlju abh bh mfculs dmsjs.

=4
 

Cuom ib Tbtup Aísodj ij Dursj ib Mutjhjaofoshj Portumf im Irovolc Mdmibhy 

Bssbs mnustbh m`btmh j djhpjrtmhbltj ij dmrrj qumlij sjarb b`botjs ‖rjff‘, ‖potdg‘ b mt
mtïï
uh pjudj ‖Auhp‘. Ymhaïh
Ymhaïh pjibh olubldomr lj mrrmstj mbrjioláhodj, qub ibtbrholm m
vbfjdoimib ij dmrrj bh rbtms.  

9.=. Dmhamcbh

Qbcufm m oldfolmãäj vbrtodmf ij plbu.

[jib sbr djlsoibrmij uh ijs
pr
prol
oldo
dopm
pmos
os mnus
mnustb
tbss ij dmrr
dmrrj.
j. Bf
Bfmm ororíí
ibtbrholmr crmlib pmrtb ij djltmtj ij
plbu djh j ms`mftj b bstmrí
iorbtmhbl
blttb focmim mj mdbr
dbrtj ib

suspblsäj. M dmhamcbh ju ‖dmhabr‘

ï ib
ibloim
oim pjr
pjr cr
crmu
mus,
s, cbr
brmf
mfh
hbltb
bltb
lbcm
lbcmtotovj
vjs.
s. Ï rm
rmrèrèss
ssoh
ohjj usmr
usmr vmfjr
vmfjrbs
bs
pjsotovjs bh postms rjmi, pjrïh huotj
djhuh bh jvmos. J janbtovj ï dgbcmr
j hmos
hmos pbrtj
pbrtj pj
pjss
ssèv
èvbf
bf ij álcu
álcufj
fj ;¾
iurmltb ms durvms. [jrtmltj, vjdî ibvb
ibtbrholmr uh vmfjr lm rbtm pmrm qub ossj mdjltbãm lm durvm. ]umltj hmos `jrtbs ms durvms,
hmojr sbrí j crmu ib oldfolmãäj ij plbu bh durvm. Bxostbh mfculs pmráhbtrjs pmrm smabr sb
vjdî bstí lj dmholgj dbrtj. M tbfbhbtrom ï j hbfgjr rbdursj. Tb ms tbhpbrmturms ijs plbus
bstovbrbh bquofoarmims bh sums amlims (`mfmrbhjs iossj bh arbvb), bltäj prjvmvbfhbltb sum
dmhamcbh bstí djrrbtm. Mfïh iossj, bh mfculs prjnbtjs b sohufmijrbs ï pjssèvbf vbr lj
crídj m dmhamcbh ij dmrrj lj hjhbltj im durvm.

Tbh j rbdursj im tbfbhbtrom, vjdî sbltorí ms mftbrmãòbs lj `bbfolc ij dmrrj. Pmfjrbs

bxdbssovjs ib dmhamcbh iboxmräj j dmrrj fbltj bh rbtm b fbltjs bh durvms, pjrïh
cbrmfhbltb
cbrmfhbltb hmos bstívbf. Pmfj
Pmfjrbs
rbs huotj amoxjs iboxmräj j dmrrj
dmrrj rípoij bh rbtms
rbtms b fbltj bh

=9
 

Cuom ib Tbtup Aísodj ij Dursj ib Mutjhjaofoshj Portumf im Irovolc Mdmibhy 

durv
durvms
ms,, pj
pjrï
rïh
h hm
hmos
os ol
olst
stív
ívbf
bf.. Bx
Bxos
ostb
tbh
h ví
vírorojs
js dr
drototïr
ïroj
ojss qub
qub ibvb
ibvbh
h sbr
sbr mlmf
mlmfos
osmi
mijs
js mj
ibsblvjfvbr uh mdbrtj ib dmhamcbh. [rohbormhbltb, m qumltoimib ib crmus ï sbhprb
rbfmtovm mj pbrf ij dmrrj. Dmrrjs mftjs b hjfbs tblibh m usmr vmfjrbs ib dmhamcbh hmos
mcrbssovjs, ibvoij mj bxdbssovj b`botj ‖rjff‘. M mlcufmãäj ib dmhamcbh cbrmfhbltb sbcub j

pbrf im postm
postm.. [ostm
[ostmss ib hïiom vbfjdo
vbfjdoimib
imib cbrmfhbl
cbrmfhbltb
tb usmh vmfjr
vmfjrbs
bs prôxohjs im hïiom ij
mnustb. [ostms ib amoxm vmfjrbs amoxjs b mssoh pjr iomltb.
Gí tmhaïh jutrj `mtjr huotj ohpjrtmltb. M rbfmãäj @rbltb-Yrmsborm b m sohbtrom fmtbrmf. Mssoh
djhj
djhj lm su
susp
spbl
blsä
säjj, bxos
bxostb
tbh
h 9 `jrhm
jrhmss aíso
aísodm
dmss ib pr
prï-
ï-mn
mnuustbs
stbs ib dmha
dmhamc
mcbh
bh..

Amoxm-Amoxm
Amoxm-Mftm
 Mftm-Amoxm
 Mftm-Mftm

Bssbs prï-mnustbs imräj 9 djhpjrtmhbltjs djhpfbtmhbltb io`brbltbs mj dmrrj. Djhbãmlij

pjr vmfjrbs amoxjs tmltj lm `rbltb qumltj trmsborm, j dmrrj tblib m sbr vbfjz bh rbtms b fbltj
bh durvms, pjiblij sbr pbrocjsj bh mfcuhms sotumãòbs. Rhm dmhamcbh amoxm-mftm ï rmrm
ib sbr vbr, pjos läj sbcub js proldèpojs ij ‖rmeb‘. J rmeb djlsostb bh utofozmr m trmsborm pmrm
mnuimrr m `rbltb
mnuim `rbltb ij dmrr
dmrrjj m `mzbr hmos durvms. Djh huotm mlcufmãäj
mlcufmãäj lbcmtovm lm dmhamc
dmhamcbh
bh
trmsborm m tbliîldom ï j dmrrj sbr huotj iomltborj bh durvms, pjr läj tbr mibrîldom iomltborm.
[jib sbr qub sbu djltjrlj ib durvm sbnm ôtohj, pjrïh j b`botj ‖rjff‘ läj tbrí soij usmij ib
`jrhm oibmf.

J hmos djhuh ï bldjltrmr uhm dmhamcbh mftm lm iomltborm b amoxm lm trmsborm. Ossj dmusm
 nustmhbltb j b`botj ‖rmeb‘ b ií pmrm m `rbltb ij dmrrj hmos mibrîldom. Dmhamcbls mftms lm
`rbltb b trmsborm pjibh mdmamr djh tjim m mibrîldom ij dmrrj, pjr tormr j djltmtj ij plbu
djh j sjfj.

=2
 

Cuom ib Tbtup Aísodj ij Dursj ib Mutjhjaofoshj Portumf im Irovolc Mdmibhy 

 Pmfb fbharmr tmhaïh qub j mdbrtj ib dmhamcbh pjib hbfgjrmr huotj m djlsostîldom ij
dmrrj bh djrroim. Tb mdbrtmim djrrbtmhbltb, j ibscmstb sbrí hmos bquofoarmij, pjos ms
amlims ij plbu sb ibscmstmräj ib `jrhm prjpjrdojlmf.
prjpjrdojlmf. 

=0
 

Cuom ib Tbtup Aísodj ij Dursj ib Mutjhjaofoshj Portumf im Irovolc Mdmibhy 

9.1 Y b

 M djlvbrcîldom ju ‖tjb‘ sbcub uh

proldè
proldèpoj
poj soh
sohofm
ofmrr mj im dmh
dmhamc
amcbh.
bh.
Bh durvms b `rblmcbls, j janbtovj ï
bstmr djh j hbljr álcufj pjssèvbf,
j hmos prôxohj ib zbrj. J tjb rbcufm
m oldfolmãäj fmtbrmf ij dmrrj, imlij m
bfb hmos ju hbljs tbliîldoms ib
`mzbr durvm. Rh tjb lbcmtovj ju ‖tjb-
ol‘ imrí mj dmrrj hmos mibrîldom bh

djltjrljs ib durvms b uhm bltrmim

uh pjudj ol`brojr. Lm trmsborm, uh
vmfjr bxdbssovj pjib rbsuftmr bh ibsbquofèaroj bh `rblmcbls b mtï bh rbtjhmims. Pmfjrbs
pjsotovjs lm trmsborm mnuimh j dmrrj m muhbltmr sbu bquofèaroj bh `rblmcbls b durvms. Pmfj
Pmfjrbs
rbs
lbcmtovjs cbrmfhbltb hbfgjrmh m bltrmim ib durvm. Lm `rbltb, m fôcodm ï m hbshm sbh m
pmrtb ij bquofèaroj. 

9.4 Dmstbr

J dmstbr rb`brb-sb ë iostáldom bltrb-boxjs ij dmrrj. Bfb djlsbcub muhbltí-fm ju ioholuè-fm.

Djh uh dmstbr mftj, vjdî tbrí bh häjs uh dmrrj djh uh bltrb-boxjs hmos durtj, j qub j
imrí hmos vbfjdoimib bh durvms fbltms b hïioms, pjrïh hbljs bstmaofoimib bh durvms ib
mftm. 

=3
 

Cuom ib Tbtup Aísodj ij Dursj ib Mutjhjaofoshj Portumf im Irovolc Mdmibhy 

2. Hjtjr

Läj ï m pmrtb hmos ohpjrtmltb ij sbtup, pjrïh sb j pmiräj vobr huotj hmf djlcurmij vjdî
pbribrí huotj tbhpj. [jrtmltj, vmfb m pblm djlcurmr pbfj hbljs ib `jrhm m läj pbribr
rbliohbltj. Dmsj vjdî tblgm tbhpj, pjibrí `mzbr uh mnustb hmos lj.  

QBFMÃÄJ IB HMQDGMT>
MT>  M 
rbfmãäj ib hmrdgms ioz rbspbotj mj
‖tmhmlgj‘ dmim hmrdgm. Bh qumf
vbfjdoimib bfm orí djhbãmr b jlib
orí tbrholmr. Bxostbh iums sotumãòbs
oh
ohpj
pjrt
rtml
mltb
tbs>
s> M rb
rbfm
fmãä
ãäjj bltr
bltrbb ms
hmrdgm
hmrdgms.
s. Tb uhm hmrdgm
hmrdgm bst
bstovb
ovbrr
huotj fjlcm, qumlij vjdî djfjdí-fm

j dmrrj bstmrí djh pjudj tjrqub m

=7
 

Cuom ib Tbtup Aísodj ij Dursj ib Mutjhjaofoshj Portumf im Irovolc Mdmibhy 

iospjsoãäj b orí ibhjrmr pmrm cmlgmr vbfjdoimib. Tb bfm bstovbr huotj durtm, j dmrrj pjib tbr
uh ‖jvbrpjwbr‘, smolij ib trmsborm ju `rbltb ib `jrhm bxdbssovm, ibpbliblij im sum trmãäj
b im hm
hmrrdgm
dgm qub
qub bsto
bstovb
vbrr blcm
blcmtm
tmim
im.. [jrt
[jrtml
mltj
tj,, ï oh
ohpj
pjrt
rtml
mltb
tb bquo
bquofofoar
armr
mr ms hm
hmrrdgms
dgms..

 M sbculim sotumãäj ioz rbspbotj ë rbfmãäj lmf ij dáhaoj. Rh dáhaoj durtj dgbcm lm
vbfjdoimib lmf ij dmrrj rmpoimhbltb, djhj pjr bxbhpfj js dmrrjs ib rmffy. Rh dáhaoj
fjlcj ibhjrm hmos pmrm dgbcmr lm vbfjdoimib lmf ij dmrrj. M rbcufmcbh lbssb sbltoij vmo
ibpblibr ij tmhmlgj im postm, im sum hmojr rbtm b tmhaïh im sum bstrmtïcom. ]umltj hmos
ib mftm vbfjdoimib `jr m postm, hmos fjlcj sbrí j dáhaoj. ]umltj hmos `bdgmij j dorduotj `jr,
hmos durtj j dáhaoj sbrí.

 M tbrdborm rbcufmcbh ï uhm hmos rblmim, jlib vjdî pjibrí rbcufmr hmrdgm pjr hmrdgm,

hbfgjrmlij m trmãäj ij dmrrj bh smèims ib durvms b j mprjvbotmhbltj ij hjtjr. Pmfb

fbharmr qub lbh sbhprb bssb mnustb ï pjssèvbf b bh mfculs dmsjs sbqubr ï pjssèvbf hbxbr
lm rbfmãäj ib hmrdgms ij dmrrj, pjos m dmtbcjrom läj pbrhotb tmf mftbrmãäj.

HOT RQM IB DJHART ÈPBF> M

ÈPBF> M hosturm ib djhaustèvbf (@ubf Hox djhj cbrmfhbltb mpmrbdb)
ï m hosturm ib djhaustèvbf ij hjtjr. Rhm hosturm hmos ‖pjarb‘ `mrí j dmrrj tbr uh
ibsbhpblgj ol`brojr, blqumltj uhm hosturm hmos ‖rodm‘ `mrí j dmrrj mlimr hmos rípoij,
pjrïh djlsuhor hmos djhaustèvbf. Bssb mnustb läj bstí prbsbltb bh tjijs js sohufmijrbs,
hms pjib sbr abh ohpjrtmltb lm sum bstrmtïcom. Bh djrroims ib jvmf pjr bxbhpfj, ï huotj
djhuh js pofjtjs `mzbrbh ossj pmrm sb hmltbrbh mtrís ij rovmf cmstmlij hbljs cmsjfolm. 

 Pjdî
 Pjdî ibv
ibvbb sbhprb usmr m hosturm hmos rodm, qub cbrmfhbltb ï rbprbsbltmim pjr uhm bsdmfm
ib lþhbrjs ib = m 2, = m =;, ibpbliblij ij dmrrj. Bh sotumãòbs jlib vjdî qubr
bdjljhozmr djhaustèvbf, ï oltbrbssmltb or muhbltmlij ossj lþhbrj. [jr bxbhpfj> djrroims
jlib vjdî läj djlsbcub uftrmpmssmr j dmrrj im `rbltb, pjrïh bstí hmos rípoij qub bfb.
 Pjdî
 Pjdî pjib `mzbr uh ‖ulibrdut‘, qub djlsostb bh or mjs pots mltbs b smor ib dmrm pmrm j vbltj
pmrm vormr vjftms lj fohotb, ju smfvmr djhaustèvbf pmrm mamstbdbr hbljs lj pot. M bstrmtïcom

hmos mibqumim orí ibpblibr ij sbu ibsbhpblgj lj hjhbltj im djrroim.  

=?
 

Cuom ib Tbtup Aísodj ij Dursj ib Mutjhjaofoshj Portumf im Irovolc Mdmibhy 

  RQAJ> J
 J turaj ï abh sohpfbs. Cbrmfhbltb mprbsbltmij bh pjrdbltmcbh ju bh bsdmfm ib
lþhbrjs, ioz rbspbotj ë prbssäj ij turaj lj hjhbltj bh qub bfb bltrmr. ]umltj hmojr m
pjrdbltmcbh, hmojr sbrí m pjtîldom ij dmrrj b sbu ibsbhpblgj, pjrïh ossj `mrí j

djlsuhj ib djhaustèvbf muhbltmr b j ibscmstb ij hjtjr tmhaïh orí drbsdbr, pjiblij

djfjdmr bh rosdj j `uldojlmhbltj ij dmrrj. 

QMIOMIJQ> J
QMIOMIJQ> J rmiomijr trmamfgm lm rb`rocbrmãäj ij hjtjr. Bssb mnustb läj bstí iospjlèvbf
bh tjijs js sohufmijrbs. Pjdî prbdosm tjhmr duoimij djh sbu rmiomijr, hms läj ibvb
`jdmr huotj lbfb. Amsodmhbltb, bfb ï rbcufmij bh uhm bsdmfm ib lþhbrjs jlib j lþhbrj
hbljr rbprbsbltm uhm rb`rocbrmãäj hbljr b lþhbrjs mftjs j djltríroj. Rh hjtjr djh
hbljs rb`rocbrmãäj orí trmamfgmr djh hmos ibsbhpblgj, pjrïh pjib supbr-mqubdbr b
qubarmr. [jrtmltj, sb vjdî prbtblib trmamfgmr lj fohotb ij dmrrj bh dfmssodmãäj, tjhb
duoimij pmrm läj
l äj ibstruor sbu hjtjr
hjtjr..

1;
 

Cuom ib Tbtup Aísodj ij Dursj ib Mutjhjaofoshj Portumf im Irovolc Mdmibhy 

0. Io`brbldomf

J io`brbldomf ï sbh iþvoims uh ijs proldopmos mnustbs ij dmrrj. Lbh sbhprb iospjlèvbf pmrm
bioã
bioãäj
äj,, ï uh ototbh
bh qu
qubb pjib
pjib `m
`mzb
zbrr huot
huotmm io
io`b
`brb
rblã
lãmm lj
ljss tbhp
tbhpjs
js ib vjft
vjftm.
m. Bh mf
mfcu
culs
ls
sohufmijrbs, mpmrbdb djhj uh mnustb þlodj b bh jutrjs, pjssuo uhm vmstm fostm ib otbls.

Amsodmhbltb j io`brbldomf fgb pbrhotb mftbrmr m vbfjdoimib ims rjims iurmltb ms durvms. Pjdî
pjib
pjib iboxí
iboxí-f
-fms
ms hmos
hmos pmr
pmrbd
bdoi
oims
ms ju hmos
hmos io
iosd
sdrb
rbpml
pmltbs
tbs.. Ossj
Ossj ororíí mf
mftb
tbrm
rmrr ar
arus
usdm
dmhb
hblt
ltbb j
djhpjrtmhbltj ij dmrrj bh djltjrl
rljj ib durvms, `rblij ju mdbfbrmlij.

Bxos
Bxostb
tb uh mnus
mnustb
tb qu
qubb rbc
bcuf
ufmm bssm
bssm io
io`b
`brrbl
blãm
ãm bh mdbf
mdbfbr
brmã
mãäj
äj b jutr
jutrjj qub
qub rbcuf
bcufmm m
ibsm
ibsmdb
dbfb
fbrmã
rmãäj
äj.. Bxos
Bxostb
tb tmha
tmhaïh
ïh jutr
jutrjj qub rb
rbcu
cufm
fm m ol
oltb
tbls
lsoi
oimi
mibb ibssm
ibssm trml
trmlso
soãä
ãäjj ib
hjvohbltjs. Bfbs säj rbspbdtovmhbltb ‖pjwbr‘, ‖djmst‘ b ‖prbfjmi‘. Hmos djlgbdoijs djhj
‖pjtîldom‘, ‖ibsmdbfbrmãäj‘ b ‖prï-dmrcm‘.

1=
 

Cuom ib Tbtup Aísodj ij Dursj ib Mutjhjaofoshj Portumf im Irovolc Mdmibhy 

mlij pbfj [JSBQ

Djhbãmlij
Djhbã [JSBQ,, ï abh sohpfbs rbcufí-fj. Cbrmfhbltb ibloij pjr pjrdbltmcbls,
bfb iblb m io`brblãm ib vbfjdoimib djh qub m rjim bxtbrlm im durvm (qub corm hmos rípoij)
sb hjvb. ]umltj hbljr m pjrdbltmcbh, hmos sohofmr sbräj ms vbfjdoimibs
v bfjdoimibs b ossj `mrí j dmrrj
smor ib `rbltb bh rb-mdbfbrmãòbs, proldopmfhbltb bh dmrrjs ib trmãäj iomltborm. Bh dmrrjs ib
tr
trmã
mãäj
äj tr
trms
msbo
borm
rm,, j dm
dmrr
rrjj sbrí
sbrí sbcu
sbcurj
rj b `í
`ído
doff ib md
mdbf
bfbr
brmr
mr,, pjrï
pjrïh
h uh pjud
pjudjj io
ioml
mltb
tbororj.
j.

Bh dmrrjs ib trmãäj oltbcrmf, ibvbrí sbr jfgmij m rbfmãäj im trmãäj. Lbh sbhprb dmrrjs ib
trmãäj oltbcrmf säj 2;-2; lm iostroauoãäj. Dmrrjs FH[= pjr bxbhpfj, sbcubh uhm rbfmãäj
32-12 cbrmfhbltb. Mfculs dmrrjs ib Qmffy sbcubh uhm rbfmãäj olvbrsm. [jrtmltj, jasbrvb
ossj b mpfoqub ms rbcrms mltbrojrbs. [jrdbltmcbls mftms bh dmrrjs ib trmãäj trmsborm iäj hmos
mibrîldom lm rbtjhmim, pjrïh hmojr dgmldb ib rjimr. Bh dmrrjs ib trmãäj iomltborm

cbrmfhbltb sb us m vmfjrbs amstmltb mftjs.

DJMT sbcub j hbshj proldèpoj, pjrïh bh ibsmdbfbrmãòbs. Amstm sbcuor m hbshm fôcodm.
[jrdbltmcbh amoxms soclodmh rjims djh crmlib io`brblãm ib vbfjdoimib bh rbiuãäj ib
vbfjdoimib. Pmfb fbharmr qub rbiuãäj ib vbfjdoimib soclodm tuij qub läj blvjfvbr mdbfbrmr,
läj sjhbltb `rblmcbls. Djh uh vmfjr amoxj, vjdî sbltorí j dmrrj bltrmlij djh hmos
oltblsoimib lms durvms, pjrïh pjib sbr qub bfb rjib djh hmos `mdofoimib bh rbiuãòbs,
djl`
djl`jr
jrhb
hb j md
mdbr
brtj
tj im susp
suspbl
blsä
säjj b mb
mbrj
rjio
iolá
láho
hodm
dm trms
trmsbo
borm
rm.. ]uml
]umltj
tj hmos
hmos am
amox
oxmm `jr
`jr m
pjrdbltmcbh, hmos vjdî prbdosmrí ib bstmaofoimib trmsborm. Muhbltmr m dmhamcbh pjib
mnuimr tmhaïh.

 M [QÏ-DMQCM
[QÏ-DMQCM iblb
 iblb m vbfjdoimib ib trmlsoãäj bltrb bstbs mnustbs. ]umltj hbljr `jr sbu
vmfjr, hmos mcrbssovj b oltblsj sbrí j djltrjfb ij dmrrj. Ossj pjib sb trmiuzor bh uh dmrrj
qub rbspjlib hmos mjs sbu hjvohbltjs ib `rblmcbh b mdbfbrmãäj. [jrïh, pjib mdjltbdbr
ib pbribr j djltrjfb djh hmos `mdofoimib tmhaïh. Tb j dmrrj jrocolmfhbltb ï huotj fbltj bh
sums rbmãòbs, pjib sbr oltbrbssmltb bstm bstrmtïcom. 

11
 

Cuom ib Tbtup Aísodj ij Dursj ib Mutjhjaofoshj Portumf im Irovolc Mdmibhy 

3. Tuspblsäj

@mzbr sbtup ib suspblsäj ï m pmrtb hmos djhpfbxm ij mdbrtj. Huotjs mnustbs b j sbu
`uldojlmhbltj pjib vmromr djl`jrhb j topj ib suspblsäj ij dmrrj. Bxostb uh djldbotj cbrmf
qub orbhjs marmlcbr b qub djhuhbltb `uldojlm, pjrïh bh mfculs dmsjs bspbdèdjs, ms
rbcrms pjibh sbr djhpfbtmhbltb io`brbltb. [mrm bstbs dmsjs, bstmhjs bstuimlij pmrm
dgbcmr bh djldfusòbs hmos iblotovms b ib `ídof bltbliohbltj pmrm vjdî b ljssjs mfuljs.

Amsodmhbltb, j djlnultj ib suspblsäj trmamfgm pmrm bquofoarmr j amfmlãj ij dmrrj. Bstb

amfmlãj qub prbdosmhjs djhprbblibr. Bfb mftbrm iovbrsjs pmráhbtrjs lj dmrrj bh sotumãòbs
ib djrroim. Bxostbh trîs hjvohbltjs proldopmos qub orbhjs trmamfgmr. [otdg, rjff, auhp.
Cumrib bstbs tbrhjs pjos bfbs säj ohpjrtmltbs pmrm iblorhjs sotumãòbs lj dmrrj. Pmhjs
djhbãmr pbfj potdg>

[otdg ï
[otdg  ï j hjvohbltj ib trmls`brîldom ib pbsj ‖vbrtodmf‘ ij dmrrj. Mdbfbrmãòbs ju rbiuãòbs

ib vbf
vbfjd
jdoi
oimi
mib.
b. Bs
Bssb
sbss hj
hjvo
vohbl
hbltj
tjss mf
mftb
tbrm
rmh
h mf
mfcu
culs
ls ijs
ijs pmrá
pmráhb
hbtr
trjs
js ij dm
dmrr
rrj,
j, djhj
djhj

14
 

Cuom ib Tbtup Aísodj ij Dursj ib Mutjhjaofoshj Portumf im Irovolc Mdmibhy 

mbrjioláhodm, djltmtj ijs plbus djh j sjfj b huotj hmos.

Qjff ï
Qjff ï j hjvohbltj fmtbrmf qub mdjltbdb lms durvms. Bssb ï j otbh hmos ohpjrtmltb, pjos ï

qub ií hmos io`brblãm ljs tbhpjs ib postm, djl`jrhb sum djlcurmãäj `jr `botm. Bfb tmhaïh
mftbrm js pmráhbtrjs dotmijs mdohm.

Auhp säj
Auhp säj sotumãòbs ib huimlãm ib rbfbvj, sbnm pjr jliufmãòbs lm postm b zbarms. Bfms
pjibh ioduftmr huotj j djltrjfb ij dmrrj b mtï djfjdmr bh pbrocj sum djrroim. J mdbrtj ij
auhp tmhaïh m`btm ms jutrms pmrtbs ij dmrrj, hms bh hbljr bsdmfm.

 M suspblsäj jrocolmfhbltb `jo ibsblvjfvoim pmrm tjrlmr bssms trmls`brîldoms ib pbsj j hmos
sumvb pjssèvbf, pmrm imr djl`jrtj mjs hjtjrostms. Lms djrroims, suspblsòbs huotj sumvbs b

djl`jrtívbos sb trmiuzbh bh dmrrjs djh pjudm dmpmdoimib ib `rblmcbh b ib `mzbr durvms.

[mrm mftbrmr j djhpjrtmhbltj im suspblsäj, cbrmfhbltb trmamfgmhjs bh uhm bsdmfm ib
lþhbrjs. Lþhbrjs hbljrbs soclodmh uhm suspblsäj hmos hmdom b lþhbrjs hmojrbs uhm
suspblsäj hmos iurm. Mfïh iossj, m suspblsäj läj ï mnustmim ib `jrhm ulo`jrhb, bfm ï
djhp
djhpjs
jstj
tj pj
pjrr io
iovb
vbrs
rsjs
js otbl
otbls,
s, djh
djh `u
`ulã
lãòb
òbss soho
sohofm
fmrrbs b ol
oltb
tbls
lsoi
oimi
mibs
bs io
io`b
`brrbltb
bltbs.
s.

Bxostbh mfculs otbls bspbdèdjs, pjrïh js djldbotjs qub trmamfgmrbhjs mquo säj> hjfm,
mhjrtbdbij
mhjrtbdbijrbs,
rbs, amrrm-bstmaofozm
amrrm-bstmaofozmijrm
ijrm b bspmãmijrb
bspmãmijrbs.
s. Yjijs bfbs sbräj mnustmijs djh m
`ulãäj ib muhbltmr m mibrîldom ijs plbus bh tjims sotumãòbs. Ï io`èdof tbr uh dmrrj pbr`botj
bh tjims ms durvms, pjos pmrm ossj bxostbh io`brbltbs dmrmdtbrèstodms b sô pjibhjs `mzbr uh
þlodj mnustb. 

3.= H fms

Djhbãmlij
Djhbãmlij pbfms hjfms
hjfms,, bfm ibtbrholm m
utumãäj ij dgmsso. ]umlij `mfmhjs bh
‖rocoibz‘ bstmhjs ljs rb`brolij mj dursj

19
 

Cuom ib Tbtup Aísodj ij Dursj ib Mutjhjaofoshj Portumf im Irovolc Mdmibhy 

im hjfm. Bssb dursj ï sjarb j hjvohbltj ib djhprbssäj b ibsdjhprbssäj im hbshm.

Rhm hjfm hmos rècoim sb hjvohbltmrí hbljs b uhm hjfm hmos hjfb sb hjvohbltmrí hmos.
J sbu duoimij ibvb sbr j sbcuoltb> ]umltj hbljr `jr j hjvohbltj, hmos mcrbssovj j dmrrj
pjibrí dmr lm trmls`brîldom ib pbsj b ossj pjib `mzbr j dmrrj rbmcor huotj rmpoimhbltb b

dmr io`èdof ib pofjtmr. M hjfm tmhaïh huim m mfturm ij dmrrj, proldopmfhbltb bh vbfjdoimib
mftm. Djl`jrhb m prbssäj mbrjioláhodm djhbãm m mtumr lj dmrrj, sb sum suspblsäj bstovbr
huotj rècoim, j dmrrj tblib m tbr uhm vbfjdoimib ib rbtm ol`brojr. Mcjrm vmhjs mjs djlnultjs
ib mdbrtj ib hjfm tbôrodjs pmrm mdbrtmr j dmrrj. @mfmrbhjs ib djlnultjs sohïtrodjs b
mssohïtrodjs.

Djhbãmlij pbfjs sohïtrodjs (bsqubrim b iorbotm ocumos), vmhjs `mfmr im rbfmãäj @rbltb-
 Yrmsborm.
 Yrmsborm. Bxostbh 9 sotumãòbs aísodms qub cbrmfhbltb trmzbh ms sbcuoltbs rbmãòbs mj dmrrj>

Hjfb-Iurj> Rhm `rbltb hjfb b uhm trmsborm iurm cbrmfhbltb trmrí uh dmrrj qub tblib m tbr
uhm bltrmim ib durvm hmos `jrtb b uhm tbliîldom m smor ib `rbltb lj ibdjrrbr im durvm. Rhm
tbliîldom m smor ib trmsborm bh rb-mdbfbrmãòbs b `rblmcbls b uhm dbrtm iodufimib lm
iorocoaofoimib mj pmssmr sjarb auhps b zbarms. Lms bltrmims ib durvm, m trmsborm orí bhpurrmr
j dmrrj pmrm ibltrj ims durvms, pjrïh m iomltborm läj tbrí mibrîldom sudobltb pmrm hmltbr
bstb djltmtj.

Hjfb-Hjfb> Bstb sbrí j dmrrj hmos `ídof ib pofjtmr, pjrïh prjvmvbfhbltb j hmos fbltj.
Fbharb-sb, ossj ï uh djldbotj, pjib sbr qub lm prítodm mdjltbãm io`brbltb ibpbliblij ij
dmrrj. Bstb dmrrj sj`rbrí huotj djh js b`botjs ‖potdg‘ b ‖rjff‘ ij dmrrj, ioholuolij huotj j
djltmtj ijs plbus djh j sjfj bh sotumãòbs arutms, djhj durvms ib mftm b `rblmcbls `jrtbs.
[jrïh, lmim orí fgb mssustmr, pjos ms rbmãòbs ij dmrrj sbräj hmos fbltms b prbvosèvbos. Tb
vjdî ï uh pofjtj hmos olodomltb b bstí djh iodufimib ib djhpfbtmr vjftms, ï uh ajh pjltj
ib pmrtoim.

Iurj-Hjfb> Bstb tmfvbz sbnm j dmsj hmos bhafbhítodj. Cbrmfhbltb, j dmrrj tbrí crop ljs
djltjrljs ib durvm pjrïh lms bltrmims ib durvm tbrí uh ibsbhpblgj pèj. Ossj pjrqub m

trmsborm bstí huotj ‖prbcmim‘ b drom uh mrrmstj, ioduftmlij j trmamfgj im `rbltb ij dmrrj. Bh

12
 

Cuom ib Tbtup Aísodj ij Dursj ib Mutjhjaofoshj Portumf im Irovolc Mdmibhy 

`rblmcbls j dmrrj tblib m sbr hmos bstívbf b tbrí uhm rbmãäj hmos trmlquofm mj pmssmr sjarb
auhps b lm rb-mdbfbrmãäj. [jib sbr uhm jpãäj voívbf ibpbliblij im arutmfoimib ij dmrrj
b im sotumãäj im postm.

Iurj-Iurj> Tb vjdî ní pbcju m fjsjm ij djldbotj, ní smab qub bstb djh dbrtbzm sbrí j
mdbrtj hmos mcrbssovj b tmfvbz hmos rípoij ij dmrrj. Bstb tmfvbz ï abh rbfmtovj, pjos pjib sbr
qub j dmrrj qub qumsb oldjltrjfívbf, pjrtmltj, olþtof. Bstb dmrrj tbrí ajm bltrmim ib durvms b
djltjrlj, pjrïh sbu ibsbquofèaroj sbrí lètoij. Ossj pjib sbr uhm sotumãäj oltbrbssmltb pmrm
m dfmssodmãäj bh mfculs dmrrjs, jlib j plbu läj dgbcmrí m supbr-mqubdbr. [jrïh bh
djrr
djrroi
oims
ms,, m pr
prja
jama
maofofoi
oimib
mib ib vj
vjdî
dî bxbr
bxbrdb
dbrr uh bsto
bstofj
fj ib po
pofj
fjtm
tmcb
cbh
h ‖j
‖jvb
vbri
rirorovo
volc
lc‘‘ pjr
pjr
djlsbquîldom ij mdbrtj ij dmrrj ï bljrhb.

Djh j tbhpj, vjdî djhbãmrí m ibsblvjfvbr sbtups mssohïtrodjs. Ossj pjrqub bh mfcuhms
postms, j dmrrj `mz hmos bs`jrãj pmrm uh fmij ij qub pmrm j jutrj. Lbssbs dmsjs, js mnustbs
sbräj olvbrtoijs bh uh ijs fmijs. Tb pbcmrhjs uhm postm qub sô tbh durvms pmrm m
bsqubrim, sb vjdî tovbr hjfms hmos hmdoms lm bsqubrim, sbu dmrrj pbribrí m mibrîldom
iurmltb m durvm, pjos js plbus pbribh djltmtj qumlij j b`botj ‖rjff‟ djhbãmr m mdjltbdbr.
Tb vjdî tovbr hjfms hmdoms lm iorbotm, j dmrrj orí ‖m`ulimr‘ lj fmij iorbotj b tmhaïh orí tormr
mibrîldom ijs plbus bsqubrijs. M sjfuãäj hmos ôavom pmrbdb sbr iboxmr j dmrrj tjtmfhbltb
rècoij, pjrïh bssm sjfuãäj pjib iboxí-fj huotj mcrbssovj b io`èdof ib pofjtmr, sblij pojr qub
ms jpãòbs mltbrojrbs. Lbssbs dmsjs, ï lbdbssíroj hbior m ohpjrtáldom ib dmim durvm, vblij
bh qumos sb pbrib hmos tbhpj b djrrocor js ib`botjs lbssbs trbdgjs. ]umltj hmos oltblsms b
vbfjzbs `jrbh ms durvms, hmojr sum ohpjrtáldom. Fbharmlij tmhaïh qub bh rbtjhmims
fmtbrmos b `rblmcbls fmtbrmos, j rmdojdèloj ï j hbshj. Ï hmos sohpfbs vjdî iboxmr rècoij j fmij
jpjs
jpjstj
tj ë du
durv
rvm,
m, ib
ibsi
sibb qub
qub lä
läjj bxos
bxostmh
tmh hu
huototms
ms du
durv
rvms
ms oh
ohpj
pjrt
rtml
mltb
tbss pmrm
pmrm bstb
bstb fm
fmij
ij..

3.1 Qocoibz i d lnult ib suspblsä

Bstb topj ib prï-mnustb pjib sb mftbrmr lj ibdjrrbr ij ibsblvjfvohbltj b `mrí vjdî tjhmr
ibdosòbs
ibdosòbs huotj io`brbltbs.
io`brbltbs. [jrïh, ï ohpjrtmltb
ohpjrtmltb pbrdbab
pbrdbabrr qumf pbrf sb bldmoxm
bldmoxm hmos djh m

10
 

Cuom ib Tbtup Aísodj ij Dursj ib Mutjhjaofoshj Portumf im Irovolc Mdmibhy 

postm. Cbrmfhbltb trmamfgj djh qumtrj pjssoaofoimibs pmiräj, qub säj uhm rbfmãäj @rbltb-
 Yrmsborm.
 Yrmsborm.

Hjfb-Hjfb

Hjfb-Iurj
Iurj-Hjfb
Iurj-Iurj

Bssbs qumtrj pbrs säj `jrhms ib djhprbblibr j dmrrj b prï-iblor js mnustbs pmrm uhm
po
post
stm.
m. Bh mf
mfcu
culs
ls dm
dmrr
rrjs
js,, sjhb
sjhblt
ltbb uh ib
ibfb
fbss sbrí
sbrí sbhp
sbhprb
rb j hbfg
hbfgjr
jr,, djl`
djl`jr
jrhb
hb sums
sums
dmrmdtbrèstodms. Dmrrjs mftjs b pbsmijs, cbrmfhbltb trmamfgmh hbfgjr djh suspblsòbs hmos
rècoims, pjrqub lj mdbrtj ib suspblsäj jrocolmf, mprbsbltmh uh b`botj ‖potdg‘ b ‖rjff‘
mdbltumij,
mdbltumij, ioholuolij
ioholuolij j djltmt
djltmtjj ijs plbus djh j sjfj b djlsbqublt
djlsbqubltbhbltb
bhbltb m mibrîldom.
mibrîldom.

[mrm dmrrjs huotj amoxjs b jrocolmfhbltb rècoijs, bldjltrmr j djlnultj oibmf ibpblibrí huotj
im postm b ij rbstmltb ij mdbrtj. Läj fbvb ossj djhj rbcrm, pjos dmim dmrrj ï io`brbltb, hms
qumltj hmos rípoims `jrbh ms durvms, hmos rècoij tblib m sbr j dmrrj lm rbfmãäj @rbltb-
 Yrmsborm.
 Yrmsborm. Ju sbnm, hmos prjvívbf qub vjdî ibvb djhbãmr djh uh mnustb ‖I-I‘ (marbvomãäj
pmrm djlnultj ib supblsäj IRQJ-IRQJ). [mrm postms hmos sumvbs, uh djlnultj ‖H-H‘.
Rtofozmhjs bssms bxprbssòbs pmrm `mdofotmr ms djhulodmãòbs b ms mljtmãòbs lm gjrm ib
ibsblvjfvbr j mdbrtj ij dmrrj.

T b vjdî tovbr tbhpj, pjib rblmr molim hmos bssms prï djlcurmãòbs, ms iovoiolij bh hmos
sua-sbtjrbs, sb j dmrrj pbrhotor. [mrm bstbs dmsjs, djstuhj iovoior bh hmos pmrtbs. Tb j
mnustb ib hjfm iomltborm vmo ib ; m =;; b pufm ib 12 bh 12 b pjssuo 9 lèvbos io`brbltbs,
pjssj oldfuor ms sbcuoltb `jrhms, mfïh ims dotmims mltbrojrhbltb>

13
 

Cuom ib Tbtup Aísodj ij Dursj ib Mutjhjaofoshj Portumf im Irovolc Mdmibhy 

HI-HI (Huotj Iurj-Huotj Iurj)

HI-I (Huotj Iurj-Iurj)

HI-H (Huotj Iurj-Hmdoj)

HI-HH (Huotj Iurj-Huotj Hjfb)

 Mssoh, sbu dmrrj pmssmrí m tbr 7 djhaolmãòbs ib suspblsòbs prï-ibloims. Tb gjuvbrbh

jutrj
jutrjss lèvbos,
lèvbos, läj lbd
lbdbss
bssmro
mromhb
mhbltb
ltb vjd
vjdîî prbdos
prbdosmm muh
muhblt
bltmr
mr ms djhaol
djhaolmãò
mãòbs
bs b soh js
oltbrvmfjs. Pjftmlij mj bxbhpfj im hjfm iomltborm, sb vjdî pjssuor uh mnustb qub vmo ib ; m

=;;, pjrïh mj olvïs ijs oltbrvmfjs ljs dfoqubs `jrbh ib =; bh =; b soh ib = bh =, vjdî
pjibrí hmltbr js hbshjs pmiròbs ib rocoibz. Amstm iovoior pbfm qumltoimib ib mnustbs qub
vjdî qubr. Javomhbltb, qumltj hmos fjlcjs js oltbrvmfjs, hbljs rblmij sbrí j djlnultj
bsdjfgoij.

=;;/9 8 12

;-12 - HI
12-2; - I
2;-32 - H
32-=;; - HH

[brdbam m oltblsoimib ib io`brblãm lj djhpjrtmhbltj b ibsbhpblgj ij dmrrj mj mftbrmr js

vmfjrbs. Pbnm
Pbnm djhj j dmrrj sb djhpjrtm djh j vmfjr hèlohj b djh j vmfjr híxohj. [jib sbr
qub m io`brblãm sbnm arutm b huotj pbrdbptèvbf, ju pjib sbr qub sbnm hèlohm. Ju sbnm, ms

17
 

Cuom ib Tbtup Aísodj ij Dursj ib Mutjhjaofoshj Portumf im Irovolc Mdmibhy 

vbzbs vmfb m huotj m pblm rblmr uh mnustb b trmamfgí-fj ljs ibtmfgbs b jutrms vbzbs, bfb ï
qumsb qub olio`brbltb. [jrtmltj, `mãm bssb tbstb lm prohborm vbz qub pbcmr j dmrrj b mssoh
smabrí jlib `jdmr. Rh bxbhpfj dfmrj ï m mbrjioláhodm. Bh mfculs dmrrjs, m bsdmfm ï
io`brbltb ib jutrjs. Tb vjdî djfjdmr = ib msm lm `rbltb, j dmrrj sb tjrlmrí bxtrbhmhbltb

fbltj bh durvms, pjos bstmrí sbh lblguh ijwl`jrdb iomltborj. Blqumltj qub 1; imrí mj
dmrrj uhm bljrhb dmpmdoimib ib djltjrlj ib durvms b `rblmcbh. Bh jutrjs dmrrjs, bssm
io`brblãm pjib sbr abh hbljr. Ossj vmrom tmhaïh im `èsodm ib dmim sohufmijr. [jrtmltj, j
hbshj dmrrj pjib sb djhpjrtmr ib `jrhm abh io`brbltb mjs mnustbs bh dmim njcj.  

1?
 

Cuom ib Tbtup Aísodj ij Dursj ib Mutjhjaofoshj Portumf im Irovolc Mdmibhy 

3.4 Mh rtbdbi rbs

Js mh
mhjr
jrtb
tbdb
dbij
ijrrbs sbcu
sbcubh
bh uh
proldèpoj sohofmr mj im hjfm, pjrïh
läj olubldomh lm mfturm ij dmrrj.
Tums rbcufmcbls säj `botms djh j
hbshj djldbotj ims hjfms, pjrïh
djh uh ohpmdtj hbljr. Bfbs säj
rbcuf
bcufmi
mijs
js bh 9 sotu
sotumã
mãòb
òbss dm
dmim
im,,
tjtmfozmlij mtï =0 mnustbs ib
mhjrtbdbij
ijrr. Tbpmr
pmrmhjs bh
hjvohbltjs fbltjs, qub säj rbspbdtovjs m b`botjs ‖potdg‘ b ‖rjff‘ b hjvohbltjs rípoijs,

rbfmdojlmijs mjs b`botjs ‖auhp‘.

 Ms djhprbssòbs b ibsdjhprbssòbs fbltms, ju ‖auhpolc b ‖rbajuliolc‘ sbcubh

bxmtmhbltb j hbshj djldbotj bxpfodmij lms hjfms, pjrtmltj amstm sbcuè-fjs. J qub vjdî
pjib `mzbr ï jusmr uh pjudj hmos, ní qub js b`botjs säj hbljs ohpmdtmltbs lj bquofèaroj ij
dmrrj. Lj dmsj ijs hjvohbltjs rípoijs, j djldbotj sb mpfodm sjhbltb m auhps, pbrhotolij
vjdî trmãmr uh bquofèaroj bltrb sums hjfms b mhjrtbdbijrbs. Mdbrtb sums hjfms pmrm j
ibsbhpblgj b usb js mhjrtbdbijrbs pmrm duoimr ijs prjafbhms ib auhps.  

4;
 

Cuom ib Tbtup Aísodj ij Dursj ib Mutjhjaofoshj Portumf im Irovolc Mdmibhy 

3.9 Amrrms bstmaofozmi rms

 Ms amrrms bstmaofozmijrms sbcubh j hbshj proldèpoj ib rocoibz b m`btmh j djhpjrtmhbltj

ij dm
dmrr
rrjj pr
prol
oldo
dopm
pmfh
fhbl
bltb
tb lj
ljss b`
b`bo
botj
tjss ‖rjf
‖rjff‘
f‘.. Am
Amrr
rrms
ms huot
huotjj rèrèco
coims
ims imrä
imräjj mj dm
dmrr
rrjj hmos
hmos
ibsbhpblgj b mj hbshj tbhpj ibsbquofèaroj b mcrbssovoimib lj djltrjfb, blqumltj amrrms
sumvbs imräj mj dmrrj uh djltrjfb prbvosèvbf, pjrïh fbltj.

J crmlib sbcrbij ij mdbrtj ib suspblsäj ï trmãmr uhm bstrmtïcom b `ulãäj pmrm dmim otbh.
 Ms hjfms dmh djhj proldopmos rbspjlsívbos pbfjs b`botjs ‖potdg‘, ms amrrms pbfjs b`botjs
‖rjff‘ b js mhjrtbdbijrbs pbfjs b`botjs ib ‖auhp‘. Javomhbltb, ms mftbrmãòbs qub `jrbh
`botms lbfbs väj huimr bssbs jutrjs pmráhbtrjs tmhaïh, hms mè vmo ij sbu `bbfolc ib
djhprbblibr j ohpmdtj ib dmim uh ibfbs lj djlnultj.  

4=
 

Cuom ib Tbtup Aísodj ij Dursj ib Mutjhjaofoshj Portumf im Irovolc Mdmibhy 

Djldfusäj
 Mtrmvïs ibstb b-ajje vjdî `jo dmpmz ib djhprbblibr js djldbotjs aísodjs ib pmrtbs
bfbhbltmrbs ib uh dmrrj ib djrroim b, mfomijs, pbrhotb qub j pofjtj djlsocm bxtrmor j fohotb im

híquolm pmrm rbmfozmr uhm vjftm rípoim luh trbolj ib dfmssodmãäj, ju bltäj djlsbcuor uh
ajh
ajh roroth
thjj ib dj
djrr
rroi
oim.
m. J pr
prôx
ôxoh
ohjj pm
pmss
ssjj mc
mcjr
jrmm ï mp
mpfofodm
dmrr tjij
tjijss bssb
bssbss dj
djld
ldbo
botj
tjss b
bxpbrohbltmr js mnustbs ljs proldopmos sohufmijrbs ib djrroim mtï qub dgbcub luh mnustb
qub tb pbrhotm djliuzor djl`jrtmvbfhbltb b rbmfozmr vjftms rípoims. Gí amstmltb hmtbromf
sjarb mutjhjaofoshj vortumf lm oltbrlbt, djhj j ljssj sotb b
sotb b tmhaïh voibjs lm oltbrlbt. Bh
jutrms pmfmvrms, js `ulimhbltjs aísodjs pmrm qub uhm pbssjm bltblim j djhpfbxj bspjrtb
qub ï j mutjhjaofoshj.

Hms sb vjdî qubr djhpbtor pmrm vmfbr lms proldopmos djhpbtoãòbs lj mutjhjaofoshj vortumf b
cmlgmr iolgborj, mdjlsbfgj olvbstor lj Dursj ib Mutjhjaofoshj Portumf.
Portumf . Bfb ï vjftmij pmrm
olodomltbs qub bstäj djhbãmlij ij zbrj b pmrm pofjtjs djh dbrtm bxpbroîldom, hms qub
bldjltrmh iodufimibs pmrm mfdmlãmr mftj ibsbhpblgj bh sums djhpbtoãòbs. Bstb dursj
vosm trmzbr ib `jrhm dfmrm, iorbtm b ib `ídof mprbliozmij, djltbþij bssbldomf pmrm mtolcor
votôroms b djhprbblibr abh j hboj ij mutjhjaofoshj vortumf.

Täj majrimijs tjijs js tbhms ohpjrtmltbs ij gjaay, ibsib djlcurmãòbs olodomos mtï
pjltjs hmos mvmlãmijs. Djh bfb, vjdî tbrí olvbstoij bh sbu djlgbdohbltj sjarb j

mssultj, j qub vmo fgb bdjljhozmr gjrms ib trbolj `uturms b mdmamr ib vbz djh m `rustrmãäj
lms djhpbtoãòbs vortumos. Tb sbu janbtovj ï sbr dmhpbäj ib tuij ju mpblms bltblibr
hbfgjr j "MP", ï ohpjrtmltb qub vjdî rbmfozb j dursj pmrm ijholmr j gjaay. Bltbliî-fj j
tjrlmrí huotj hmos prmzbrjsj ib sb prmtodmr
prmtodmr..

Bstmhjs djh djlioãòbs amstmltb bspbdomos pmrm qubh miquoror bstb dursj MCJQM. Läj
pbrdm bssm jpjrtuloimib ib sb tjrlmr j dmhpbäj ib tjims ms focms ij mutjhjaofoshj vortumf.
J djlgbdohbltj ï m dgmvb pmrm m votôrom. Dfoqub mamoxj pmrm miquoror j ljssj dursj

41
 

Cuom ib Tbtup Aísodj ij Dursj ib Mutjhjaofoshj Portumf im Irovolc Mdmibhy 

]RBQJ HB JQLMQ RH [OFJ J HBFGJQ LMT [OT MT

Fbom
Fbom mamo
mamoxj
xj j ibpj
ibpjoh
ohbl
bltj
tj ib pb
pbss
ssjm
jmss qu
qubb dj
djhp
hprm
rmrm
rmh
h j lj
ljss
ssjj du
durs
rsjj b dmr
dmrmh
mh
smtos`botèssohms djh j rbsuftmij>

Pjdî läj qubr dmr ib `jrm, lï: 

lï:  

44