BUS 516

BUS 516
Computer Information Systems
IS in Global Business Today

Why does IT matter to
individuals?
Think about the number of information technologies that

you use for work and for pleasure
“Information technology and

business are becoming
inextricably interwoven. I don’t
think anybody can talk
meaningfully about one
without talking about the
other.” – Bill Gates
managers?
Managers and technologists MUST have a partnership
It is no longer acceptable for general and functional

managers to claim ignorance of IT and delegate all IT
decisions to technologists.
New IT capabilities (e.g., e-commerce and social

networks) strongly influence competitive strategies and
the efficiency of operations
managers?
No doubt, failing to invest in IT could drive companies

out of business
New IT developments trigger changes in marketing,

operations, e-commerce, logistics, human resources,
finance, accounting, and relationships with
customers and business partners.
Nothing about business or corporate strategy is

untouched by IT.
A digital firm is one in which nearly all of the organization’s significant business
relationships with customers, suppliers, and employees are digitally enabled and
mediated.
What is an Information
System?
What is technology?
What is data?
What is Information?
What is Information Technology (IT)?
What is Information Systems (IS)?

Data Vs. Information
Technology: The application of scientific knowledge

for practical purposes
Data: Data are streams of raw facts representing

events occurring in organizations or the physical
environment
Information: Data that have been shaped into a form

that is meaningful and useful to human beings
Data Vs. Information
Information Technology
vs. Information Systems
Information Technology (IT): IT consists of all the

hardware and software that a firm needs to use in
order to achieve its business objectives
Information systems (IS): “IS can be defined

technically as a set of interrelated components that
collect (or retrieve), process, store, and distribute
information to support decision making and control in
an organization
Functions of Information
Systems
Components of
Information Systems
IS can be as small as a smartphone with a software

app that can snap tags to load a Web site.
Or it may include several thousand computers of

various types, scanners, printers, and other devices
connected to databases via wired and wireless
telecommunication networks
Components of
Information Systems
Hardware is a set of devices such as processor, monitor, keyboard,

and printer
Graphical user interfaces, which are called GUI, accept data and
information that are then processed by central processing units
(CPUs), stored in databases, and displayed on screens.
Software is a set of applications (apps) or programs that instruct the

hardware to process data or other inputs such as voice commands.
Data is an essential part processed by the system and, if needed,

stored in a database or other storage system.
Components of
Information Systems
A network is a telecommunication system connecting hardware that

is wired, wireless, or a combination. – Internet, Intranet, Extranet
Procedures are the set of instructions about how to combine the

above components in order to process information and generate the
desired output.
People are those individuals who work with the system, interface with
it, or use its output.
Components of
Information Systems
All of these technologies, along with the people required to run and
manage them, represent resources that can be shared throughout the
organization and constitute the firm’s information technology (IT)
infrastructure.
The IT infrastructure provides the foundation, or platform, on which

the firm can build its specific information systems
Information System and
its environment
Computer Literacy Vs
Information Systems
Literacy
Computer literacy emphasizes on the knowledge of Information

Technology (IT) - Technology dimensions
Information Systems Literacy is a broader concept which focuses on

two additional dimensions in addition to only technology or IT –
Organizational dimensions
Management Dimensions
Dimensions of Information
Systems
Dimensions of Information
Systems
Dimensions of
Information Systems
Organization: Organizational structure / hierarchy, business

functions, organizational culture (different viewpoints, conflicts)
Management: Decision makers, leaders, decision about

development and use of IS
Information Technology: Hardware, software, data management

technology, networking and telecommunications technology – IT
infrastructure
Complementary Assets to IT
IT alone is not capable of bringing out success in business. Other

assets MUST complement IT investments.
IS: Technical or Social?
IS: Technical or Social?
A Socio-technical System
Sociotechnical theory has a long tradition of research dating back to

work done at the Tavistock Institute in London, England.
Sociotechnical theory questioned the overly optimistic predictions

about the potential benefits of new technology and suggested that
the impact of new technologies on work systems was not a direct
one but depended on the interplay of technology with other aspects,
or components, of the work system.
A Socio-technical System
Information Systems Drive
Business Value
Why don’t businesses just
hire good IT people?
Just as most general and functional managers are not trained in the
design and implementation of IT the way computer scientists and
engineers are, most computer scientists and engineers are not
trained in marketing, management, finance, or accounting.
This diverse training leads to a great deal of communication difficulty.
Because the skills and knowledge of general and functional

managers are complementary to those of the information systems
professionals in the organization, communication, and a good
relationship are critical to the firm’s success.
What’s new in Management
Information Systems?
Changes Examples
IT Innovations Cloud Computing, Smartphones, Tablets, Big
Data, Business Analytics, Social Networks
New Business Netflix, iTunes, Amazon
Models
E-commerce Social Networks,
expanding
Management Direct and Continuous contact, Enterprise
Changes Systems, Blogs, wikis, instant access,
collaboration
Changes in firms and Flatter organization, focus on teams,
organizations competence and skills

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Computer Information Systems

IS in Global Business Today

Think about the number of information technologies that

“Information technology and

Managers and technologists MUST have a partnership

It is no longer acceptable for general and functional

New IT capabilities (e.g., e-commerce and social

No doubt, failing to invest in IT could drive companies

New IT developments trigger changes in marketing,

Nothing about business or corporate strategy is

What is Information Technology (IT)?

What is Information Systems (IS)?

Technology: The application of scientific knowledge

Data: Data are streams of raw facts representing

Information: Data that have been shaped into a form

Information Technology (IT): IT consists of all the

Information systems (IS): “IS can be defined

IS can be as small as a smartphone with a software

Or it may include several thousand computers of

Hardware is a set of devices such as processor, monitor, keyboard,

Software is a set of applications (apps) or programs that instruct the

Data is an essential part processed by the system and, if needed,

A network is a telecommunication system connecting hardware that

Procedures are the set of instructions about how to combine the

The IT infrastructure provides the foundation, or platform, on which

Computer literacy emphasizes on the knowledge of Information

Information Systems Literacy is a broader concept which focuses on

Organization: Organizational structure / hierarchy, business

Management: Decision makers, leaders, decision about

Information Technology: Hardware, software, data management

IT alone is not capable of bringing out success in business. Other

Sociotechnical theory has a long tradition of research dating back to

Sociotechnical theory questioned the overly optimistic predictions

This diverse training leads to a great deal of communication difficulty.

Because the skills and knowledge of general and functional

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