NOISE

POLLIUTION

NAME–
COLLEGE NAME- PANSKURA BANAMALI COLLAGE
(AUTONOMUS)
S E M I E S T E R - 1 ST
REGISTRATION NO.-
ROLL-
NO.-
SUBJECT-ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
ACKNOWLEDGMENT

I would like to express my special thanks of

gratitude to the honourable Professor Dipak
Samanta to give me the golden opportunity to
do wounder project of ENVS on ‘Noise Pollution’
and also helping me in completing my project. I
would also like to thank my parents and my
friend of my group who help me lot in finalizing
within the limited time frame.

Thank You
 INDEX

Topic Page no.

1. Introduction 4-6

2. Types of Noise pollution 7-8

3. Source of Noise pollution 8-13

4. Effects of Noise pollution 13-18

5. Prevention of Noise pollution 19-24

6. Noise pollution in rural area of India 25

7. Noise pollution in urban of India 26-27

8. Governmental laws on Noise pollution in India 27-28

9. Green Muffler Scheme 29-30

10. Conclusion 31-32

11. Bibiography 32-33

INTRODUCTION
What is noise?

Sound, a normal feature of our life, is the

means of communication and entertainment in
most animals, including human beings. It is also a
very effective alarm system. A low sound is
pleasant whereas a loud sound is unpleasant and
is commonly referred to as ‘noise’. tha Noise can
be defined as an unpleasant and unwanted sound
t is loud and disruptive to hearing. There are 4
different types of noise: continuous,
intermittent, impulsive and low frequency.
Continuous noise refers to noise that is produced
continuously by machinery that does not stop
working while intermittent noise refers to the
quick rise or drop in the noise volume.
Additionally, impulsive noise is characterized by
its sudden and fast nature. Low frequency noise
refers to the background noise that we hear in
our surroundings. These 4 types of noise
contribute to the noise pollution that we
experience daily, especially in our highly urbanized
world today.
 What is noise pollution?

Noise pollution, also known as sound environmental

noise pollution, is the propagation of noise with or
ranging impacts on the activity of human or animal
life, most of them harmful to a degree. Florence
Nightingale recognized noise as a health hazard in
1859 when she wrote,

“ Unnecessary noise is the most cruel abuse of care

which can be inflicted on either the sick or the
well.”
Noise pollution, an urban territorial phenomenon
is assuming serious proportions in every city. The
frequency and intensity of pollution has been
increasing day by day. Noise pollution is an
annoyance to human beings. The noise is usually
machine-created sound that disrupts activity or
balance of human’s way of life. It is a growing
environmental problem that is increasingly
becoming an omnipresent, yet unnoticed form of
pollution not only in developed countries but
also in the developing countries. The word noise
is derived from Latin word ‘‘Nausea’’ implying
‘‘unwanted sound’’ or sound that is loud,
unpleasant or unexpected. It can be defined as
wrong sound, in the wrong place and at the
wrong time. The noise problems of the past pale
in significance When compared with those
experienced by modern city dwellers; noise
pollution continues to grow in extent, frequency,
and severity as a result of population growth,
urbanization, and technological developments.
Due to exposure of noise people are suffering
from difference kinds of diseases like hearing
impairment, interference with spoken
communication, Sleep disturbances,
cardiovascular disturbances, annoyance etc.
 TYPES OF NOISE
POLLUTION
The types of noise pollution are category broadly.
1.Industrial Noise
Industrial noise is caused by some high intensity
decibels that is the result of industry machines
and other such appliances. The noise comes from
the use of mills, heavy industrial machines and
even the small exhaust fans that run for a long
period. Noise from mechanical saws and pneumatic
drills is unbearable and the ultimate form of
pollution to the public and neighborhood. This is
one cause of noise pollution.
2.Transport Noise
Transport noise is s imply inevitable. The traffic jams
cause considerable amount
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY
of vehicle noise and the honking of the many vehicles in
the crowd are nothing but a pure nuisance. Whether road,
rail or aircraft, their noise is a considerable contributor to
noise pollution. Tractors and other heavy vehicle sounds
are difficult to control for their sound.
3.Neighbourhood Noise
Gadgets, electrical appliances like the grinder and mixer
are the prime contributors to noise pollution. Loud
loudspeakers in the name of wedding, political parties and
other such events call for a significant amount of noise
pollution. In the long run, they become difficult to bear
posing problems to the health of humans.
Sources of Noise Pollution
Noise contamination is an undesirable or hostile sounds
that irrationally interfere into our day by day exercises. It
has numerous sources, the majority of which are related
with urban improvement like street, air ,rail transport,
modern noise , neighborhood and recreational commotion.
Various components add to
issues of high noise levels, including expanding
population and expanding commotion levels in a
vehicle . Major causes / sources of noise pollution are:
1.Industrial Sources
Progress in technology (industrialization) has
resulted in creating noise pollution . Textile mills,
printing presses, engineering establishments and metal
works etc. contribute heavily towards noise pollution.
In industrial cities like Kolkata, Ludhiana, Kanpur etc.,
often the industrial zones are not separated from the
residential zones of the city especially in the case
of small scale industries. These operate from
workshops located on the ground floors of the
residential areas and cause annoyance, discomfort
and irritation to the residents exposed to the noise
that is inevitably produced. The situation is much
better in modern planned cities like Chandigarh
where the industrial area is kept away from the
residential areas and both are separated from each
other by a sufficiently wide green belt.
2.Transport Vehicles
Automobile revolution in urban centers has proved
to be a big source of noise pollution. Increasing
traffic has given rise to traffic jams in congested
areas where the repeated hooting of horns by
impatient drivers pierce the ears of all road users.
Noise from airplanes constitutes an increasing serious problem in
big cities like Delhi & Mumbai. Airport situated in the vicinity of
population centers and the air planes pass over residential
areas. Heavy trucks, buses trains, jet mopeds, jeeps planes, motor
—cycles, cotters, the list of vehicles is endless but the outcome
is same —
3. Household noise pollution
The household is an industry in itself and is a source of many
indoor noises such as the banging of doors, noise of playing
children, crying of infants, moving of furniture, loud
conversation of the inhabitants etc. Besides these are the
entertainment equipment in the house, namely the radio, record
players and television sets. Domestic gadgets like the mixer
pressure cookers, desert coolers, air grinders, conditioners,
exhaust fans, vacuum cleaners, sewing and washing machines
are all indoor sources of noise pollution
4.Public Address System
In India people need only the slightest of an excuse for using
loud speakers. The reason may be a religious function, birth,
death, marriage, elections demonstration, or just commercial
advertising. Public system, therefore, contributes in its own way
towards noise pollution.
5.Agricultural Machines
Tractors, thrashers, harvesters, tube wells, powered tillers
etc. have all made agriculture highly mechanical but at the
same time highly noisy. Noise level 90 dB to 98 dB due to
running of farm machines have been recorded in the state of
Punjab.
6. Defence Equipment
A lot of noise pollution is added to the atmosphere by
artillery, tanks, launching of rockets, explosions, exercising of
military airplanes and shooting practices. Screams of jet
engines and sonic booms have a
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND
deafening impact on the ears and in extreme cases have been
known to shatter the window panes and old dilapidated
buildings.
7. Miscellaneous Sources
The automobile repair shops, construction works, blasting,
bulldozing, stone crushing etc. are other sources of noise
pollution. The effects of noise pollution has a ill effects not only
on the human beings but also on other living and non living
things, which will be discussed below:

Effects of Noise Pollution

1. Repeated Interference with sleep:

In a social survey carried out amongst people living in the vicinity
of London Airport, some 22 per cent said that they sometimes
found difficulty in getting to sleep because of airport noises. In
areas where the noise level was particularly high, up to 50 per
cent complained about the noise. An even higher per centage
said they were awakened by high intensity noises, usually early at
night when sleep was not yet deep. After people have been asleep
for some hours, they do not readily wake up, even when subjected
to very loud noises. Different
people have different depths of sleep and they can adjust to
nocturnal sounds. Undoubtedly, however, noisy conditions
near residential areas at night must be avoided lack of
continuous sleep has as counteract it. Many techniques for
sound insulation are available today and ca n be applied at
relatively modest expense.
2. Effect on hearing or deafness:
These effects only become of real importance if the sounds
are exceptionally loud. Continuous exposure to noise levels
much above 100 dB has an adverse effect on hearing ability
within a fairly short time. Many workers who are exposed
to the noise of jet aircraft or very noisy workshops for even
moderate periods soon develop detectable hearing defects.
Today it has become the practice for workers in these
situations to the
equipped with ear protectors and provided these are worn
all the time hearing ability is not affected.

3. Effect on Communication or Speech Interference:

External sounds can interfere with conversation and use of

the telephone, and well as the enjoyment of radio and
television programmes and like pastimes. It can thus affect
the efficiency of offices, schools and other places where
communication is of vital importance. The maximum
accepted level of noise under such conditions in 55 dB. 70
dB is considered very noisy and serious interference with
verbal communications is inevitable.
 4.Mental or Physiological Effects:
Many people complain that noise makes them
mentally ill. Experiments have been performed
to attempt to confirm or disprove these claims.
According to the H.M. Stationary Office report
Noise; noise certainly does not contribute in
the least to mental illness. Doctors and
scientist have now medically confirmed that
noise disturbs the biological organisms and
their respective functions of the humans. Fire
crackers and other excessive and continuous
explosives become physically painful giving
rise to neurosis, mental illness, cardiovascular
diseases, stomach ulcers and respiratory
disorders reducing human life. Recent
researches have concluded that sho rt
exposures to noise (in excess of about 100 dB)
leads to adverse effects on foetus, headache
and, dizziness, dilatoriness in intestines,
stomach problems and effects on eye sights to
the extent that these at times become
incurable.
5. Effects on Physical Health and working
efficiency or Psychological problems:
Noise has little physical effect on the
biological performance provided that the noise
level is below about 90 dB. Damage to the
inner ear may result if continuous noise levels
exceed about 100 dB as has been observed by
the Doctors leading to physical illness.
Psychiatrists and psychologists have in recent
researches have made observations that noise
has certain relation with physical health causing
tension resulting in problems such as speech
interference, annoyance, fatigue, sleep interference
and emotional distress. Noise levels in industries
causes interference in efficiency and communication
and raises possibilities of accidents. World Health
Organization has estimated remarkable loss in the
industries annually.

6. Effects on other animals and other living things:

The effect caused by industries, railways, crackers,

explosions and commotion in the cities, aircrafts
etc.,
can be felt on animals, birds, mice, fishes and domestic
animals for they are susceptible to various effects of due to
exposure noise levels change their places. Birds avoid
migrating to places where noise level is above 100 dB. The
noise emissions caused by supersonic aircraft, railway noise
emissions etc. , may cause miscarriage in mammals and
fishes as well as birds are observed to have stopped laying
eggs. Thus to sum up animals and other living things
become upset more than human beings and in the direct
cause of ecological in balance.
7.Effect on nonliving things:
Intense noise levels affects non living things too. The noise
booms cause cracks in national and archaeological well as
very high . monuments as levels of noise are the cause of
cracks in hills. High intensity explosions can break glass
panes and vibrations in the buildings. Research work at
India and abroad is being done so as to access its gravity
on nonliving things so that precautions could be taken
forehand to reduce impact therefore.
 Prevention of Noise Pollution

We can reduce noise Pollution by following mentioned

Tips:
1. Turn of Appliances at Homes and Offices:
We can turn off home and office appliances when not in
use such as TV, games, computers etc. it can create
unnecessary stress on ears. We can save electricity also
when we turn them off.
2. Shut the door when using noisy machines:
We can shut the door after we turn on dishwashers or
washing machines for rooms where it is kept or we can
turn them on before leaving the house so that overlapping
of exposure to loud noises can be reduced
3.Use Earplugs:
Use of earplugs or earmuffs can bring down loud noises
to a manageable level. Earplugs are small inserts that fit
into our ear canal. And earmuffs fit over the entire outer
ear to form an air seal keeping ear s safe from loud
noises.
4. Lower the volume:
We can listen to songs, radios, TVs in lower volume when
listening from headphones or speakers. Stay away from
Noisy area : Noise producing industries, airports, vehicles
should be far from residential areas as it is very dangerous
for infants and senior citizens.
5.Follow the limits of noise level :
Community law should check the use of loudspeakers,
outdoor parties as well as political public announcements.
6.Control of Noise level near sensitive areas:
There should be control on noise level (Silent zones) near
schools, hospitals. Place noise limits boards near sensitive
areas.
 7. Go green by planting trees :
We can plant more trees as they are good noise
absorbents. According to studies, it can reduce noise by 5 to
10 decibels Db around them.
8. Create healthy noise to eliminate unwanted noise:
If we can’t eliminate unwanted noise coming from outside
then we can create healthier noise such as music, singing
birds or waterfalls in homes or offices.
9. Use Noise Absorbents in Noisy Machineries:
We can check for pieces of machinery which are creating
noise due to vibrations and put some noise absorbents to
reduce noise.
10.Use Proper Lubrication and Better Management:
We can use proper lubrication as well as better
maintenance of machines to reduce noise pollution and
improve efficiency. It reduces friction between movable
parts and helps to reduce noise.
11. Notify authorities about disobedie noise rules:
necessary of We can notify government agencies if
someone is not following rules and regulation regarding
noise levels.
12. Regularly check noise levels :
Regularly checking noise level in an industrial complex and
indoor to keep noise level within the limit. It is
necessary to control the noises created around us. It is
necessary to aware people around us through various
mediums. We can start from ourselves to spread awareness
about noise pollution and its effects on human and the
environment. Limit for noise at daytime is 55 dB and in the
night it is 30 dB to avoid health effects .
 NOISE POLLIUTION IN RURAL AREA

Probable sources of noise pollution in and around rural

areas include brick factories, mining and laterite stone
cutting, sand mining, poultry, and movement of vehicles.
Occasionally festive and private celebrations also
contribute to the noise levels.
 NOISE POLLUTION IN URBAN INDIA

The urban areas of India have become highly populated in

past few decades. In the last decade, it rose by 31.8%. This
has led to certain environmental and health issues that also
include environmental pollution. Some causes are
unavoidable and are required to be followed for the
developmental activities. So, it is not possible to completely
avoid them. But, some preventive measures sure can be
taken to control and minimize the extent of it. As per the
Prevention an d Control of Pollution Act implemented in
1981, the noise is termed as an ‘air pollutant’. It is that
unpleasant, distracting and unnecessary sound that ought
to be avoided due to its sleep depriving and concentration-
lowering impact.
The person gets annoy ed due to the persistent uneasiness
caused by them. According to the WHO guidelines, for a
sound sleep, the noise in that room should not be more
than 30dBA. For maintaining concentration in any classroom,
it should not exceed 35dBA. The noise levels more than
these limits on a continuous basis, may harm mental as
well as physical health on a short term and long term
basis. Sadly enough, this issue is not taken that seriously in
front of other forms of pollution pollution. air pollution
and water pollution.

Governmental Actions on Noise Pollution in

India

In March 2011, the Central Pollution Control Board

established the first part of noise pollution monitoring
network in 35 major cities in India including all the
metros like Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai, Hyderabad, Bengaluru,
Lucknow and Chennai. The system is a part of the National
Environmental Policy adopted in 2006. It is expected that
by the establishment of second and third parts, the
number of locations to be monitored
will be increased160 cities covering various part of Indian
states.
Under the Environmental Protection Act, the Central
Government came up with Noise Pollution (Regulation and
Control) Rules 2000 which were to be implemented once
they got published in the official gazette. These rules are
meant for the following:

Implementation of noise standards in different zones or

areas. Restrict the use of loud over-- speakers. Restrict the
usage of horns, sound creating equipment's for
construction and foretaste Pollution crackers. Allotting
responsibility ion Control Boards or Committees and the
Central Pollution Control Board, for collecting, processing
and providing the statistical data about the noise pollution,
so that adequate measures may be taken to prevent and
control it. On violation of these rules , the person shall be
liable for penalty as per the Act.
 GREEN MUFFLER SCHEME

Group of Ashoka Trees with new leaves Green Muffler is a

technique of reducing noise pollution by planting 46 rows
around the populated areas or noisy places like along
roadsides, industrial areas, societies near highways, etc. so
that dense trees reduce noise pollution as they filter out
the noise and obstruct it reaching the citizens. Under this
scheme Ashoka and Neem plants are planted near the
house or resident localities to reduce noise pollution.
They control noise pollution. Even urban noises are muffled
by trees just like stone walls .An advantage of using plants
as noise blockers is that they absorb sounds best in the
high frequencies that people find it annoying .Ever green
shrubs that too with broader leaves provide year round
noise protection so, they are best to plant. Trees absorb
sound waves with their branches and foliage. Plant trees
with no space or less space to reduce noise pollution. In fact
soft ground is an efficient noise absorber. So, avoid hard
surfaces to plant trees. Also, cultivate the ground before
planting and adding organic matter to the surface of the
soil may also help to reduce noise when vegetations will be
established.
 CONCLUSION
• Improved traffic management practices one way traffic
movement buses such as , proper management of in the
traffic stream may reduce level to some extent. Proper
nosebags traffic nonseries should be constructed under
flyovers to mitigate the traffic noise level.
• • The Factories Act,1948 does not contain a specific
provision of noise control while it has been found in a
number of cases that high intensities, high frequencies, high
intermittency of noise are the factor of annoyance for the
workers. The Central and the State Boards now exercise
the powers and functions under Section 16 and 17 the Air
Act, respectively with regard to the
prevention and control of noise pollution including the laying down
of noise standards.
• Noise adversely affects general health and well being in the same
way as does chronic stress. It adversely affects future generations by
degrading residential, social, and learning environments with
corresponding economic losses.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

I have used the following websites to do the project work:-

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