Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
What I Need to Know
Regional Office IX, Zamboanga Peninsula
In this lesson, you will learn to:
 Describe a proportion.
 Use the properties of proportions to find the missing quantity of the given proportion.

9
 Solve problems involving proportions.
 Apply the fundamental theorems of proportionality to solve problems involving
proportions.

Zest for Progress

Z Peal of artnership What I Know

MATHEMATICS Find out how much you already know about this lesson. Encircle the letter of the correct answer. Take note
of the items that you were not able to answer correctly and find out the right answer as you go through this
module.
Quarter 3 – Module 5: _____1. Which statement of equality between of two ratios?
Proportion and Its Application a. Rate
b. Proportion
c. Similar
d. Congruent

_____2. Which ratio makes 6:8 = ______ a correct proportion?

a. 3:4
b. 2:4
c. 4:5
d. 5:6

_____3. What is the value of y in the proportion 3:6 = y: 24?

a. 4
b. 8
c. 12
d. 16

_____4. In the Proportion w : x = y : z

Which of the mathematical sentence is true?
a. wx=yz
b. wy = xz
c. x/y =w/z
d. w/y = x/z

Name of Learner: ___________________________

Grade & Section: ___________________________
1
Name of School: ___________________________
_____5. In the proportion m:6 = 3m-1:12,
What is the value of m?
a. 1
b. 2 What’s In
c. 3
d. 4 Ratio is used to compare two or more quantities of the same kind. When two ratios are equal then they are
proportional.
_____6. What is the value of in the proportion
a. 2/5 Activity 1: Complete Me.
b. 4/5
c. 3/5 Directions: The figures that follow show ratios or rates that are proportional. Study the figures and complete
d. 6/5 the table that follows by indicating proportional quantities on the appropriate column. Two or more
proportions can be formed from some of the figures. The first one is given for your guide.
_____7. In ∆PQR, ST intersects side PQ and PR.

Which of the following proportions state that ST // QR?

a. PS:SQ = PT:TR
b. PQ:QR=PR:QR
c. PQ:PS = PT:TR
d. QS:SP = RP:TP

_____8. Given: BD bisects ∠ABC of ∆ABC. If m∠ABD = 300,

What is the measure of ∠ABC?
a. 150
b. 600
c. 300
d. 450

______
9. Which proportion justifies that CT bisects ∠ACR?
a. AC:CR = AT:TR
b. AR:AT = AC:CT
c. AC:AT = TR:CR
d. AC:CR = AR:TR

.____10. In the figure below, if AC=9, RC= 6 and AR = 10 applying the Triangle Angle-Bisector Theorem.

What is the Measure of TR? Figure Ratios or Rates Proportional Quantities

a. 3
b. 4 A Feet : Inches Sample: 1ft:12in = 3ft :36 in
c. 5 Answer:____________________________________
d. 6 B Kg of Mango: Amount paid Sample: 3kg : 240 pesos = 2kg : 160 pesos
Answer: ____________________________________
C Minutes : Meters Sample: 2 min : 100m = 1 min : 50 m
Answer:_____________________________________

2 3
Let us RECALL the accuracy of the determined proportions by checking the equality of the ratios or rates.
What’s New
A.) Solution 1: Reduce each fraction The properties that follow show different ways of rewriting proportions that do not change the meaning of
their values.

Fundamental Rule of Proportions

Solution 2 : Cross products If w:x = y:z then = provided x and z are not zero.
Properties of proportion
Cross multiplication property If = , then wz = xy
Alternation property = , then =

Inverse Property = , then =

Addition Property = , then =
Subtraction Property = , then =
Sum Property If = = , then = = = = k, where k is
Constant at proportionality and v, x, and z are not zero.

Activity 2: Rewrite Me! and Check Me!

Rewrite the given proportions according to the property indicated in the table and find out if the ratios in the
rewritten proportions are still equal
Then ( Product of extremes and
If = , then y:3 = a :4
product of means)
Cross Multiplication =
Alternation Property of the original
=
proportion
Inverse Property of the original
=
proportion
The solutions show that the corresponding quantities are proportional. In short, they form a proportion Addition Property of the original
because the ratios are equal. =
proportion
Subtraction Property of the original
Thus, =
proportion
Proportion is the equality of two ratios and two ratios are equal when the product of the extremes Sum property of the original
proportion =
is equal to the product of the means.

When k is considered in the sum property of the original proportion, the following proportions can be
formed: =k y=3k and =k a=4k. When we substitute the value of y and a to the original
proportion, all ratios in the proportion are equal to k, representing the equality of ratios in the proportion.

4 5
 5. If r, s and t represent three positive numbers such that r:s:t = 4:3:2 and r2- s2 - t2 = 27.
Find the values of r, s and t.
Solution
What is it
Study the examples on how to determine the indicated quantities from a given proportion: Let

Examples: So, r = 4k;

1. If 9:6 = n :2, find n.
s = 3k;
Solution: -The product of the extremes equals the product of the means
- Divide both sides by 6, , t = 2k
6n = 18
n=3 Using, r2 - s2 – t2 = 27
then, n = 3 (4k)2 – (3k)2 – (2k)2 = 27
16k2 – 9k2 – 4k 2
= 27
2. If 2 + d : 5= 9 : 15, what is d? 2
3k = 27
Solution: 2 +d :5 = 9 :15
30 + 15d = 45 -the product of the extremes equals the product of the means
k2 = 9
15d = 45-30
k={ }
15d = 15 - subtract both sides by 30
Notice that we need to reject -3 since r, s and t are positive numbers.
d=1 -divide both sides by 15
Then,
3. If m:n = 4:3, find 3m-2n:3m+n r= 4k s = 3k t = 2k
Solution: r= 4(3) = 12 s = 3(3) = 9 t = 2(3) = 6

Proportions can be used to solve problems involving two objects that are said to be in
( ) proportion. This means that for ratios comparing the measures of all parts of one object with the
Using
( ) measures of comparable parts of the other object, a true proportion will always exist.
Therefore, 3m-2n: 3m+ n = 2:5
Example 6. A twin jet airplane has a length of 78 m and a wingspan of 90m. A toy model is made in
proportion to the real airplane. If the wingspan of the toy is 36 cm, find the length of the toy.
Solution:
4. If e and b represent two non-zero numbers find the ratio e : b if 2e2 + eb - 3b2 = 0
Plane’s length (m) = plane’s wingspan (m)
Solution: Model’s length (cm) model’s wingspan(cm)
78 = 90 Substitution
2e2 + eb - 3b2 = 0
X 36
(2e +3b ) (e -b) = 0 - Factoring 78(36) = 90(x) Cross product
2808 = 90x Multiply
2e +3b = 0 or e-b =0 - Equate each factor to 0
31.2 = x Divide each side by 90
2e = -3b e=b The length of the model is 31.2 cm

Note: Your knowledge in the process of solving proportions is very helpful as you are going to solve
Hence, e: b = -3/2 or e:b = 1:1 problems involving fundamental theorems of proportionality.

6 7
Triangle Angle Bisector Theorem (TABT) Example 2.
If a segment bisects an angle of a triangle, then it divides the opposite side into segments Given :
proportional to the other two sides EO bisects ∠ LEV.
If LV = 5, LE = 4, and EV =6 ,
Proof of the Theorem find:
1. LO
2. OV
Given : ∠1 ≅ ∠2

Prove : =

Plan: Draw auxiliary segment BE parallel to CD. Extend AC to point E. Use properties of parallel lines to Solution :
conclude that ∠1≅ ∠4 and ∠2 ≅ ∠3, and conclude that CE = CB. Apply the Triangle Proportional Segment Since LV is given, we will make use of its corresponding segments LE + EV
Theorem to show that = . By substitution = . The proportion could be : =

ILLUSTRATION =

10LO = 20
= ║║

LO = 2
In the figure if AE bisects ∠CAR, then = Since LV =5 and LO = 2,
then
You can also rewrite this proportion in another way by applying the different properties such as:
OV = LV – LO
= ; = ; = OV = 5 - 2
OV = 3
= , since CR = CE + ER ; CE corresponds CA and ER corresponds AR

= Triangle Proportionality Theorem (TPT)

If a line parallel to one side of a triangle intersects the other two sides, then it divides the sides
proportionally.
Example 1.

Given: Given:
AH bisects ∠MAT BD ║AE
Find MH?
if MA= 8, AT = 5 and HT = 6 Prove:
Solution: =
=

5MH = 48 - cross multiplication Paragraph Proof:

= - Solve for MH by dividing both sides by 5
Since BD║AE, ∠4≅∠1 and ∠3≅ ∠2 because they are corresponding angles.
MH = 9.6 Then, by AA Similarity, ∆ACE ~∆BCD. From the definition of similar polygons, = .
By the Segment Addition Postulate, CA=BA+CB and CE=DE+CD.

Substituting for CA and CE in the ratio, we get the following proportion.

8 9
 =

+ = + Rewrite as a sum.
What’s More
+1= + 1 then, = 1 and =1 Let’s find out if you understood the examples provided in applying the properties of proportions. Please
answer the activity.
= Subtract 1 from each side.
Activity 3: Your Task
Directions: Read and answer carefully. Write your answer on the space provided.
Illustration
1. Find if 5y-2s : 10 = 3y - s : 7
Given : AT//FH Since it is given that AT is parallel to FH , Answer  _____________________________
one of the sides of the triangle , and it intersects the other two 2. If g:h = 4:3, evaluate g + 4h : g + 8h
sides, FI and HI , then it follows that AT divides FI and HI
Answer  _____________________________
proportionally.
These are some of the proportions we can derive since 3. Solve for the unknown side applying the Triangle Angle-Bisector Theorem.
there are plenty of possible proportions available using the (Note that the figure is not drawn to scale).
different properties:
= ; = ; =

Example 1.

Determine whether AE // MZ if AY =14, AM=6, EZ =12 and EY = 28. Answer  _____________________________

4. In ∆HKM, HM=15, HN=10, and HJ is twice the length of JK.
Determine whether NJ ║MK.

Solution : Check whether AY : AM = EY : EZ using the given

14 : 6 ? 28 : 12
14(12) ? 6 (28) Answer  _____________________________
168 = 168
Therefore: AE // MZ since the sides are divided proportionally.
5. Given: BC ║ ED.
Example 2. Find x, AC, and CD if AC = x-3, BE = 20, AB = 16, and CD = x+5.

Answer  _____________________________

10 11
 3. Refer to the map below Third avenue and 5th avenue are parallel. If the distance from 5th avenue to
City Mall along State street is 2140 ft, find the distance between 5th avenue and City Mall
What I Have Learned along Union St.

In solving problems involving proportions we must know how to:

 use the fundamental rule of proportions and apply any of the properties of proportion when
necessary:
 Cross multiplication
 Inverse
 Addition
 Alternation
 Subtraction Answer  ___________________________________________________________________
 Sum ______________________________________________________________________________
 apply the fundamental theorems of proportionality ______________________________________________________________________________
 Triangle Angle Bisector Theorem- (TABT) – If a segment bisects an angle of a ______________________________________________________________________________
triangle, then it divides the opposite side into segments proportional to the other two ______________________________________________________________________________
sides. ______________________________________________________________________________
 Triangle Proportionality Theorem- (TPT)- If a line parallel to one side of a triangle
4. The perimeter of triangular lot is 50m. The surveyor’s tape
intersects the other two sides, then it divides the two sides proportionally
bisects an angle. Find lengths x and y.


What I Can Do
Activity 4: Let’s Do It!
Directions: Solve the following problems. Write your answer on the space provide and use extra sheet for
your solution (if necessary).
Answer  ___________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
1. Miguel is using centimeter grid paper to make a scale drawing of his favorite car. The width of the
______________________________________________________________________________
drawing is11.25 cm. How many feet long is the actual car? (Scale : 1.5cm = 2ft)
______________________________________________________________________________
Answer  ____________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________ Assessment
______________________________________________________________________________
2. Alex is standing next to Williams Tower. He is 6 ft tall and the length of his shadow is 8 ft. If the Read the questions carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer on the space provided.
length of the shadow of the tower is 1,200 ft. how tall is the tower?
_____1. In proportion . = , What is the form by using cross multiplication property?
Answer  ___________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________ a. CE = DF b. CF = DE c. . = d. . =
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________ _____2. Which ratio makes 6:8 = ______ a correct proportion?
______________________________________________________________________________ a. 2:3 b. 3:4 c. 4:5 d. 5:6
______________________________________________________________________________ _____3. What is the value of z in the proportion 3 : 5 = z : 15 ?
a. 9 b. 10 c. 11 d. 12
12 13
 Mathematics 9 3RD QUARTER MODULE 5
_____4. In the proportion w : x = y : z. Answer Key

Which mathematical equation is true? Pre Assessment Assessment:

a. wx=yz b. wy = xz c. x/y =w/z d. w/y = x/z
1. B 1. B
_____5. At a certain time of the day, a post cast a shadow of 3m while a 6m pole cast a shadow of 5m. 2. A 2. B
What is the height of the post? 3. C 3. A
a. 5m b. 2.5m c. 3.6m d. 4m 4. D 4. D
5. A 5. C
_____6. What is the value of in the proportion
6. B 6. B
7. A 7. A
a. 2/5 b. 4/5 c. 3/5 d. 6/5
8. B 8. C
9. A 9. A
_____7. In the figure at the right. ∆ABC, DE intersects side AB and BC.
10. B 10.
Which of the following proportion state that DE // AC?
a. AD:DB =CE:EB c. AD:AB = CE:EB
Activity 1: Complete Me
b. DB:BE= EC:DA d. DE:BE =BA:BC
(Note: There are many possible answers)
a.) 2ft : 24in = 3ft : 36in
3ft : 36in = 4ft :48in
_____8. In the figure at the right. ∆HAT, ER // HT. If HE=6, EA=9, RA = 6.
b.) 2kg : 160 pesos = 4kg : 320 pesos
What is TR? 1 kg : 80 pesos = 5kg : 400 pesos
a.3 c. 4 c.) 1min. : 50m = 3 min. : 150m
b. 6 d. 5 2min. : 100m = 4min : 200m
Activity 2: Rewrite Me In and Check Me
4y = 3a
______
9. In the figure at the right, CT bisects ∠ACR.
Which proportion is correct? = 4y = 3a
a. AC:CR = AT:TR c. AC:AT = TR:CR
b. AR:AT = AC:CT d. AC:CR = AR:TR = 4y = 3a

= 4y +12 =3a +12 4y =3a

= 4y-12 = 3a -12 4y = 3a
____10. Using the ∆ABC where AD bisects ∠BAC wher AB=3, AC= 5and BC = 12 .

What is CD?
a. 6 b. 4.5 c. 7.5 d. 5
Activity 3: Your Task
1. y/s = 4/5
2. g+4h : g +8h = 4/7
3. 5.6
4. MN:NH = KJ : JH
5. :10 = KJ : 2KJ
10JK =10JK
Therefore : NJ//MK
6. AB:BE = AC:CD
16:20 = x-3: x+5
x=35
14 15
 AC=32
CD=40
Activity 4 : Let’s Do It
1. 15 ft.
2. 900 ft.
3. 2,482.4 ft.
4. X = 18, y =12

References
Bass, Laurie E., Art Jhonson, Basia Rinesmith Hall, Dorothy F. Wood. Geometry: Tools for a Changing
World:Prentice – Hall, 1998.

Bryant, Merden L., Leonides E. Bulalayao, Melvin M. Callanta, Jerry D. Cruz, et al. Mathematics Teachers Guide 9.
Pasig City: Department of Education, 2014

Bryant, Merden L., Leonides E. Bulalayao, Melvin M. Callanta, Jerry D. Cruz, et al. Learner’s Material Mathematics
9. Pasig City: Department of Education, 2014

Development Team
Writer: Emy Christie P. Roxas
Diplahan National High School

Editor/QA: Eugenio E. Balasabas

Ressme M. Bulay-og
Mary Jane I. Yeban

Reviewer: Gina I. Lihao

EPS-Mathematics

Illustrator:
Layout Artist:
Management Team: Evelyn F. Importante
OIC-CID Chief EPS

Jerry c. Bokingkito
OIC-Assistant SDS

Aurelio A. Santisas
OIC- Assistant SDS

Jenelyn A. Aleman
OIC- Schools Division Superintendent

16