Al Irshaad School Mnagement System

FRANTZ FANON UNIVERSITY

School Management System in Al-Irshaad Primary School

Hargeisa, Somaliland

By

Saed Mohamed Arab Mukhtar Ahmed Yusuf

Abshir Ahmed Abdi Ayoub Ahmed Kabadhe

Supervisor: Abdirisak Mohamed Abdullahi

This is a partial fulfillment Of Bachelor in ICT at Frantz Fanon University Hargeisa

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 Approved Letter

Submitted By

Abshir Ahmed Abdi Sign ………………………..

Ayoub Ahmed Kabadhe Sign …………………………

Saed Mohamed Arab Sign …………………………..

Mukhtaar Ahmed Yusuf Sign…………………………..

Abdirisak Mohamed Abdullah Supervisor Sign ………………………..

ii
 Al Irshaad School Mnagement System

Declaration Letter

First of all, thank you God bless us to put us to reach this level today I stand also us

equalizedday very largely.

Secondly, I will never forget my hardworking parents who stood by us at all times and in all

circumstances and always felt the same way about them. We say may God reward them in

thehereafter and may God reward them in this world and may God grant you a long life.

As such we can never forget the teachers who helped us to teach who stood day and night

for ourdevelopment. We have been taught to benefit the country and the people one or two

cannot be summed up in your gratitude.

We would also like to thank Frantz Fanon University for its dedicated time in producing

the next generation. You have welcomed us during our study period. Our university

atmosphere is also forgotten can dean our college ICT was the person who caused us to

today beautiful to reach this level Finally we thank our supervisor for giving us so much

time to produce something beautiful knowledge and We have benefited from many

techniques, We also congratulate each other on the more talented we have worked together

Thank God Every time

In conclusion, congratulations to the students, especially those in ICT, and especially to the

Students.we as in the same class Congratulations to all of you.

i
Table of Contents

Chapter One

Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 1.0

Background to the study ………………………………………………............................…1.1

Statement of problem ………………………………………………………………………1.2

Objective of Study…………………………………………………………………………..1.3

Research question ………………………………………………………………………......1.4

Significance/Importance of study …………………………………………………………1.5

Scope of Study……………………………………………………………………………..1.6

Limitations ……………..…………………………………………………………………..1.7

Chapter Two Literature Review .............................................................................................

Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………….2.0

Definition of key concept ……………………………...………………………………..…2.1

Empirical Review …………………………………………………………………………..2.2

Theoretical review ………………………………………………………………………….2.3

Summary of Gap ……..……………………………………………………………………,2.4

Conceptual framework or models ……………..…………………………………………..2.5

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Chapter three Research Methodology

Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………3.0

Functional requirement

………………………………………………………………...…………………………….3.1

Research design …………………………………………………………………………….3.2

Tools of data collection /instrumentation………………………..…………………………3.3

System requirement………………………..…………...………………………………….3.4

Non-Functional requirement………………………………………………………………..3.5

Data Analysis ………………………………………..……… …………………………3.6

System Model ……………………………………………………………………….……3.7

UML Diagram ……………………………………………………………………….…....3.8

Ethical considerations ……………………………………………………………………3.9

Chapter four System and Database Design

Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………….4.0

General design ……………………………………………………………………………4.1

System interface design…………………………………………………………………..4.2

Database design …………………………………………………………………………..4.3

Normalization …………………………………………………………………………….4.4

System Implementation……………………………………………………………………4.5

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Database implementation ………………………………………………………………......4.6

Test and validation …………………………………………………………………..……..4.7

Chapter Five

Conclusion and Recommendation

Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………….5.0

Conclusion ………………………………………………………………………………….5.1

Recommendations……………………………………………………………….…………5.2

Area for further research ………………………………………………………………….5.3

References

iv
List of abbreviations page

1 PHP Personal Home Page

2 ASP Analog signal processing

3 SMS School Management System

4 SMD Social Media Distraction

5 ID Identity

Table of figures

Figure 1 database design ………………………………………………………………1

Figure 2 interface ………………………………………………………………………..2

Figure 3 validation and test ………………………………………………………………3

Figure 4 interview …………………………………………………………………………4

Figure 5 research design ……………………………………………………………..…...5

Figure 6 general design …………………………………………………………………..6

Figure 7 tools of data collection …………………………………………………………7

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 Abstract

In the beging of research we finding the purpose of topic, backgrounds and every things

effect our research proposal. also we decided to cover every point that related our project

and we analysis How arrange the proposal points such as problem statement and research

objectives

Materials we needed to completed project and methods we following in the long process to

implemented system how is work and how much will be to invest instrument of project

First articles we should discuss objective of study, problem statement, research questions and

limitation of project .

Second articles we focused literature review of project for search previous articles about

this project

And citations. the main reason of project to facility work of schools Al-Irshaad Primary

school for scop limited Ibrahim koodbour Brach only.

Third part Research methodology deal with functional and non-functional requirement,

research tools data base structure for data analysis view of system model like diagram.

Finally last two articles focused the structure of system how is look like the system

screenshot of database diagram and conclusion of the topic after we author all articles

we try to solve the problem and reason we write the proposal the school management

system is large system and very sensitive to store data that we think to spend more time to

cover all vurneblility of system

vi
 Al Irshaad School Mnagement System

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 Introduction

The Al-Irshaad Primary is school was founded in 1994 the beginning of the school

has met many problems in the environment and financial so, first, create 2 persons

in Somalilanders They check and analyzed the problem of generation in a lack of

education that we decided to create Al-Irshaad Primary and secondary school Has

been five branches in Somaliland regions the main parts are located in Hargeisa the

center of School Ibrahim Koudbor district. School Management System is a

Secondly, we focused on the main importance of the chapter that deals with the

purposed of the system. When collecting a series of information about the al-Irshaad

primary school to create a modern system that recorded all information about school

day to day activities the main reason for this section must be a clear vision to

develop school initiatives in future technology, Therefore; our team collects every

point or importance our research proposed for this season.

Finally, we talk about in this chapter at least seven units, every unit we discuss

deeply. First, we research the problem of the school as sys tematically modern

The problem is statement is the main goal of the first step to take when we write a

proposal.

For the objectives of the study that deal with Al-Irshaad Primary schools of proposed

the reason that we make the system, as we tell research questions that we make the

objectives of the study, however; the scope of study we learn this chapter for end of

our proposed that tell us scope we work or limitation of the task.

i
At the end of the chapter, we learning for seven units of I tell above paragraphs

1.1 Background to the Study

First of all, for this section or unit, as we narrated the background for AL Irshaad Primary

School, the history of learning, the quality of education needs of technology, and levels of

staff knowledge, They're about how they apply daily tasks in the system for management

systems in modern technology. The difficulties they encountered before technology

The Al-Irshaad Primary School was founded in 1994. Since the beginning of the school,

many problems in the environment and finances have been encountered. So, first, create

people in Somalilanders Their names are Abdullah Askar and Sheik Dahir. They checked

and analyzed the problem of Their grades start at grade 1 until grade 4, after which the

manager and responsibility take Direct Aid.

After 8 months, the population around the school has been learning as volunteering. They are

divided into the categories of male and female branches. Generation with a lack of education.

That is why we decided to create Al-Irshaad Primary and Secondary Schools. There have

been five branches in the Somaliland regions. The main part is located in Hargiasa, the center

of School Ibrahim Koudbor district. The School Management System is a In this chapter we

discuss the introduction of the system. We are talking about the background.

What is the system's problem statement and objectives? can the system do? How conceptual

and historical The school management system is configurable and can be configured to meet

certain individual schools' needs. At the end of the academic term, form masters can easily

print students' statements. I hope that as we research system has been facilitating all daily

tasks for school, the system attribute has covered all the needs of the schools.

2
1.2 Problem Statement

To know level of school management system in Al Irshaad the poor staff skill in information

technology The academic achievement for many students has decline. lake of care of them

from their parents, and this refer to that their parents do not have a free time to come to

school. Headmasters and Teachers are facing problems at the start of every new academic

year, because of distribution process for Subjects and classes, in addition to this , through

and at the end of every year another problem is facing them, which is the complexities of the

grades entry process for their students . Lack of communication after a school day between

Headmaster, Teachers, Parents and Students, which has a bad reflection on the educational

process.

1. Class availability student’s information to hard to predict.

2.Lack of school Communication the time for graded result of school to Organized .

3.Teacher meeting problem when share information in students.

4.The system of school isn’t real schedule or time table.

5.Misconnect Students and parents for data in every student they needed.

6.The manual method isn’t facilitate all activity school for small time

3
1.3 Objectives of Study

1. To Increase high performance for school that competitor’s Modern technology .

2. To avoid lose data school and students performance.

3. To Prevents mismanagements all school department.

4. To protect school policy and their long strategy.

5. To examining the levels staff skill in Al- Irshaad primary school

6. To specific in terms of gender, age, field study and level of education

1.4 Research Questions

1. how to Increase high performance for school that competitor’s Modern technology

2. Is there track student’s grades from their parents.

3. how to avoid lose data school and students performance..

4. how to Prevents mismanagements all school department

5. how to there protect school policy and their long strategy

4
1.6 Significance of study

The school management system reduces the functions of Administrators, teachers, staff, and

others by providing a platform for them to monitor activities, generate reports, upload

documents and much more.

1.7 Scope of study

The scope of the study refers to the boundaries within which your research project will be

performed; this is sometimes also called the scope of research. To define the scope of the

study is to define all aspects that will be considered in your research project. It is also just as

important to make clear what aspects will not be covered; i.e. what is outside of the scope of

the study.The system concern only Al-Irshaad School Hargeisa, Somaliland especially

Ibrahin Kodbour district Jigjiga-yar village branch.

1.8 Limitation

contrast, the technique I prefer is to intersperse limitations—as they arise— throughout the

Approach section. In this manner, you can address in real time concerns that arise for the

reviewer and don’t leave them waiting and concerned until the end of the application. This

approach is kinder to the reviewer—just as they are about to put pen to paper to note a

concern, you immediately address it. For example, when you are describing the study design,

you intersperse a few lines discussing limitations of your study design and your rationale for

choosing it. Further on, when you discuss exposure assessment, you insert another small

limitation section discussing limitations to your exposure assessment and your rationale for

choosing it. In other words, each of these limitations sections is a microversion of the

fourfold.

5
1. In this section display process of data collated how team works what impact during the

process of research method.

2. As begging the task of proposed we meeting some delay of task like limited time without

division labor or task in our team meet this challenges after that we make one of is become

It.

3. project manager to define scope and time after that we solve the problem other challenges

is a Owner when we make Interview because did have lot of time he listening our objectives

then we solved easily. Take time is 12 days

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 CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.0 Introduction

Today, which we call information age as many technologic developments have been

Experienced; the biggest risk that an organization could take is to stayinsensitive to Change.

Many significant factors such as continuous developments in Information technologies,

information exchange, increasing expectations of the Society, modern Managing perceptions

and applications cause organizations all over theworld to develop new applications in order

to survive (Demir, 2003).Literature can help learners to develop their understanding of other

cultures, awareness of‘difference' and to develop tolerance and understanding. At the same

time literary texts can deal with universal themes such as love, war and loss that are not

always covered in the sanitised world of course books. Literary texts are representational

rather than referential (McRae, 1994). Referential Language communicates at only one level

and tends to be informational. The representational

Language of literary texts involves the learners and engages their emotions, as well as their

Cognitive faculties. Literary works help learners to use their imagination, enhance their

Empathy for others and lead them to develop their own creativity. They also give students

the Chance to learn about literary devices that occur in other genres e.g. advertising.

7
2.1 Definition Of Key Concept

The school management system is a web-based system which will use as a platform for

interaction between student, teachers and parents. While the main objective of this project is

to computerize the paperwork in the system and automate the work. The computerization is

done so that the storage of all the details regarding students. and teachers will be stored in the

system which makes system centralized and the chance of duplication of any data is

minimized. While by doing automation to the system will reduce the time for storing any

data in the The school management system will manage all the work in any school in

particular order so that the time requirement and complexity of the system will be reduced, at

first it will focus on student related information. As a student gets the admission in the school

system will start managing the details regarding the students.

2.2 Empirical Review

School Management According to Terry (1960), the function of management begins with

planning, which is the process of deciding on the activities to be done and objectives that

need to be achieved, how they will be done, and by whom. The planning that has been made

needs to be executed, and for this purpose organizing is needed in managing the various

available resources. Organizing can be defined as the act of cultivating effective behavioral

relations among people so that they can work effectively and efficiently to achieve a set of

objectives. The next function is actuating, which can be defined as an attempt to set in

motion the available human resources and motivate them to achieve the specified objectives.

Actuating can be understood as the implementation of the plan that has been made and

prepared. The last function, which is controlling, is required by any organization so that it

can run in accordance with its plans and objectives. In its essence, schools primarily exist for

student’s learning and contains a set of activities (Engzell et al., 2021 that leadership is the

8
most important factor(Tekic & Koroteev, 2019). System reform relies on a leader initiating a

reform of school management system (Gierlich-Joas et al., 2020). Digital leadership is

leadership in the digital era that makes use of digital technology in a large scale to foster

innovation in order to achieve competitiveness and success(Hokinson Lindquist & Peterson,

2019;Aldawood et al., 2019;Porfírio et al., 2021;Eberl & Drews, 2021).

2.3 Theoretical Review

Why is theory important? Effective blended learning is more than just tips and techniques

;understanding the key concepts in blended learning and what makes it successful are

important. First ,we will talk about theory and conceptual frameworks for blended

learning;the tips will come later!

It is not possible to review all models of blended learning here. Wang, Han and Yang (2015)

provide an important overview of all major blended learning theoretical frameworks

available. Our focus in this chapter will be on two frameworks: the Complex.

These two models take a comprehensive view of the design and implementation of blended

learning. They are applicable to blended learning in any segment of education, with

appropriate adjustments as necessary based on learners’ needs and characteristics, whether

you are a teacher or instructor in K–12 schools, colleges and universities, the military, the

industrial workplace or the corporate world.

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2.4 Summary of the Gap

The common gaps in School Learning Management System are the space between traditional

paper oriented environment and a fresh paperless approach of the educational field. This gaps

which I am going to mention later are to bridge up as soon as possible. The use of online

learning has vastly increased since 2012, as evidenced by thriving of massive open online

courses. Now the following sub topics are the area to be explored during the development of

Learning Management System —

Effectiveness:

The effectiveness of learning is influenced by many factors which creates barrier for online

learning, such as administrative issues, social interaction, academic skills, technical skills,

learner motivation, time and support for studies.

Prolonged lectures:

The teacher must take care of the length of the class so that the learning should not be a

burden. As per a study the change of offline education to an online platform has reduced the

memorising power and spark of learning in the students. Therefore to retain the interest of

students there should be a time limit of teaching.

Theory Modules:

Not evey learning management system provides gamification of the modules according to the

relevant topic which motivates students through graphical, vedio approach to provide a better

practical understanding. The platform must be as vibrant as the students are always attracted

towards the learning atmosphere.(SMD)Social Media Distraction:

10
 As the internet connection is necessary it comes along with social media platform to get

activate which distracts effectively to students as well as teachers too. This is something as

individual’s approach that is if he or she wants might mute the notification but not everyone

do that

2.5 Conceptual Frame Work

To Increase high performance

for school that competitor’s
Modern technology

To avoid lose data school and

students performance
Al Irshaad School management
System

To Prevents mismanagements all

school department.

To examining the levels staff skill

in Al- Irshaad primary school

11
Title Objectives Problem Result finding Authors

statement

Definition of key concept While the main The main Technical and (Tekic &

objective of this project problem is academically

is to computerize the school is develop in madern Koroteev, 2019).

paperwork in the system work as technology

and automate the work Manual

system to

change as

automatically

Emiracal review the function of The planning Result to facilitate (Terry,1960 ).

management begins that has been all school activity

with planning, which is made needs to and manage easiy

the process of deciding be executed, way.

on the activities to be and for this

done and objectives that purpose

need to be achieved, organizing is

needed in

managing the

various

available

resources.

12
Emerical review of literature Actuating can be To quickly All data of (Engzell et al.,

in previous s author s understood as the monitoring origination can be 2021).

implementation of the ,plans and finding easily

plan that has been made functions of when we need also

and prepared. The last Origination security of moderm

function, which is technology its

controlling, is required reliable according

by any organization so to manual

that it can run in

accordance with its

plans and objectives

PHP is better suited for applications contain a prime focus on user interfaces.ASP.NET

framework informs the developers if they made any mistake in coding before Compiling,

thus more secure and less prone to bugs, whereas PHP has no such option of letting the

developer know about bad code in a pre-compiled stage. ASP.NET can be quite a challenge

to learn and understand for a beginner and takes time to master, whereas PHP being a

scripting language, is easier to learn and understand.ASP.NEThas a license cost associated

with it, whereas php is open source and free available .ASP.NET does not allow any

13
 irregularities while still being able to run, whereas PHP is highly customizable, hence more

prone to bugs, although web scripts can be written

Efficiently with it. After we discuss and comparison in two framework or two programming

language we prefer Asp.net is large size and secure functionality as protect important data

so that we slect this Programming lanagauge

The Basis of Comparison Between ASP.NET PHP

ASP.NET vs PHP

Support Large to medium size enterprise Small to medium-sized web

applications solutions

Security Highly secure Less built-in security feature

than .NET

Solution More focused on Security and More focused on client-

functionalities facing, user interfaces

14
 CHAPTER THREE

Research Methodology

3.0 Introduction

This chapter will explain the method adopted by this research. This chapter will mention

every component involved in conducting this research from population, population frame and

sampling techniques used for the interview. Finally, this chapter provides a detail explanation

of the selected mode of analysis used and data collection method

3.1 Functional Requirements

1. Track Students performance and their progress

2.To secure and verify students regularly or attendance

3.The availability of schedule of school in time for Exam

4.Help in two way interaction with students as well as their parents. ...

5.New room facility feature to boost school's recognition.

6.Teachers Information their education level subjects they teach

7Parents access their students’ data al activity of education absence or presents

15
3.1Research Design

The research design refers to the overall strategy that you choose to integrate the different

components of the study in a coherent and logical way, thereby, ensuring you will effectively

address the research problem; it constitutes the blueprint for the collection, measurement, and

analysis of data. Note that your research problem determines the type of design you can use,

not the other way

For the this section we compare all types of research design we have been select

experimental research design that can be change our research as systematic

The function of a research design is to ensure that the evidence obtained enables you to

effectively address the research problem as unambiguously as possible. In social sciences

research, obtaining evidence relevant to the research problem generally entails specifying the

type of evidence needed to test a theory, to evaluate a program, or to accurately describe a

phenomenon. However, researchers can often begin their investigations far too early, before

they have thought critically about about what information is required to answer the study's

research questions. Without attending to these design issues beforehand, the conclusions

drawn risk being weak and unconvincing and, consequently, will fail to adequate address the

overall research problem.

16
 Experimental research is thay why select when I make analysis

Search strategy

Refine Topic

Topic Goals AL IRSHAAD SCHOOL

MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Gathering
information
Read and Evaluated

Write Papers

The Benefit of research can be finding as concept in below points

17
 Fostering critical thinking and analytical skills through hands-on learning. Defining

academic, career and personal interests. Expanding knowledge and understanding

of a chosen field outside of the classroom. Developing one-on-one connections with

distinguished faculty in their field.

3.3 Tools For Data Collection /Instrumentation

Interview

No Interviewer Owner Time

Taking

1 Tell me first time you founded in We Was established 1994 me and My 4

schools? friend Abdullah Asker Min

2 Tell Main reason to create in this We see the needs of society and youth to 6

schools increase knowledge after collapse children Min

Ar-Irshaad ? did have enough of education they me and

friends create this opportunity education

3 Schools primary 1-8 have a manager and 3 Min

How is work system of schools ? teachers 3 staff of security registration, exam

office

4 What do think to change after we make To Facilitate work for schools to link all 6 Min

system of school management for members of schools easily to help parents to

modern technology ? find record of students as easy way

We need
5 to know scope we need to use Al-Irshaad Primary Schools in 2 Min

system ? Jigjiga-yar Branch Ibrahim

18
 Koudbur district

3.3 System Requirement

Hardware Requirements

Computer /Processor Intel Core i5 or AMD Fx 8 core series

Memory(RAM) 8GB, More memory Improves performance

Hard Disk 120 GB SSD of free hard disk space

Display XGA (1024x768) Highy Resolution of

Minotor 32 bit setting

Input device Mouse and Keyboard

19
Software Requirements

Type of software Version

Windows 7 Pro ,Windows 8.1 Pro .Windows 10 Pro

Operating system 64 and 32 bits

Operating system Tcp/Ip Protocol Installed , Windows update enable , Windows

setting firewall enabled Anti-virus enabled

Network Setting Tcp Port 80 Opened Port 443 Opened ,Port 8891 Opened

Database

Web services Windows .Net frame work 5.0 or 4.0

Anti-Virus Antivirus software approved by Microsoft as security form

3.3.1 Non-Functional Requirements

Non-Functional Requirements are the constraints or the requirements imposed on the

system. They specify the quality attribute of the software. Non-Functional Requirements

deal with issues like scalability, maintainability, performance, portability, security,

reliability, and many more. Non-Functional Requirements address vital issues of quality for

software systems. If NFRs not addressed properly, the results can include:
20
 1.Users, clients, and developers are unsatisfied.

2. Inconsistent software.

3.Time and cost overrun to fix the software which was prepared without keeping NFRs

in mind.

Types of Non-functional Requirement:

1. Scalability

2. Reliability

3. Regulatory

4. Maintainability

5. Serviceability

6. UtilitY

3.4 Data Analysis

System Analysis or data analysis The initial step while developing an application program

consists exactly to find out what to be solved and what should be done and making sure that

the measures taken are consistent and sufficient to resolve the problem.As our main goal is

to develop towards one of those more data-driven cultures, data analytics is an overview

that mainlining More attractive .with the assistance of data analysis, the education system

has become much easier to smooth out. to put it in an easy way. Who enable Al – Irshaad

primary school to make a faster and smarter? Decision based on data collected as

Interviews to develop the system is school functionality and operations of school their

performance. It also consists of finding out what are the requirements specifications that the

21
system will use, who are the users, what is the benefit of the application, those activities are

done to help full system analysis Facilitate as we analyze all activity of school System of

the school provides a good management system techniques. School management system

teaches teachers, staff and principles to connect easily as quickly update like Attendance

exams as we use in Interview method for data analysis to predict the future functionality of

school.

The system reports as chart I will display how system analysis of data our school

management system

22
 Dashboard

User Login Register

Admin Login

Select student Search student

Add Students
Personal Data Detail

Update new student Operation page

information

Database

Check Student
Fee Report

Payment Record

Logout

Logout 23
 3.5 System Model
Fee
Result Exam
Students

Exam

Staff

School
Management
system

Student Transfer

Term Academic
year

Class
Teacher
Subject

24
3.6 UML Diagram

The UML diagram can classify two types structure diagram behavior when we are ICT

use the structure diagram special class diagram that we are draw this diagram

25
 Al-Irshaad Management System

3.9 Ethical Considerations

Ethical considerations in research are a set of principles that guide your research designs and

practices. Scientists and researchers must always adhere to a certain code of conduct when

collecting data from people.The goals of human research often include understanding real-life

phenomena, studying effective treatments, investigating behaviors, and improving lives in other

ways. What you decide to research and how you conduct that research involve key ethical

considerations.

These considerations work to

1. Protect the rights of research participants

2. Enhance research validity

3. Maintain scientific integrity

4. Announcement consent.

5. Voluntary participation.

6. Do No Damage system functionality.

7. Confidentiality.

8. Only assess relevant components.

i
 27

CHAPTER FOUR

System and Database Design

4.0 Introduction

This chapter will provide a full description of the system and its users. Then it depicts the

functional and non-functional requirements that have been collected using several methods like

brainstorming, interview and e-surveys. After determining the most important requirements,

requirement analysis was adopted using several tools such as use-case diagram, sequence

diagram and activity diagram.

My School (SMS) is a web based system that serving Students, Teachers, Headmasters and

Parents, the main idea of our system is to allow the students to be up to date with the school

activities and with their grades, and the same thing for their parents in addition to be in touch

permanently with the teachers and the headmaster for any complaint, recommendation or

anything that related to their students. And for teachers it consider as an easy way to manage

their job’s day, to be in touch with students and to enter their grades or anything they want to

send it or view it to the students. And for the headmasters, they have a full control of the system,

and like the teachers, it will be a great tool to manage their days and plans for the school, also

they will be in a permanent connection with all the other users which will be a wonderful virtual

educational social community that definitely will improve the student’s performance and

education, and make the school for them really as they second’s home.
 28

4.1 General Design

 29

4.2 System Interface Design

 30

4.3 Database Design

 31

4.4 Normalization
 32

4.5 System Implementation

 33

4.6 Database Implementation

 34

4.7 Test and validation

 35

CHAPTER FIVE

Conclusion and Recommendation

5.0 Introduction

Our findings this year reflect students who are serious about the work of being students and who

continue to leverage personal and campus technology for their academic success. Personal

technologies remain reliably prevalent; other technologies with potential impact to enhance

student learning are emerging among our students. Meanwhile, campus technology infrastructure

continues to influence students' overall tech experiences. This year we also determined that

student demographics play an important role in the types of technology that are viewed as critical

to their success as well as to their experiences of technology. We are also optimistic that this

year's report can foster important dialogues among campus stakeholders regarding technology,

diversity, equity, and inclusion, as well as accessibility. Although reporting that "change is

occurring" while some things "remain the same" doesn't constitute a game-changing

proclamation, we are confident this report provides strong insights into why these trends are

occurring, as well as actionable recommendations for institutional stakeholders.

The more evidence that can be collected to understand students' technological preferences for

and relations to technology, the better equipped faculty and IT organizations will be to address

current needs and anticipate future student needs. In 2018, students continue to see technology as
 36

essential to their academic success. What is crucial now is identifying how best to leverage it for

student success, based on institutional goals, costs, pedagogical approaches, and evidence of

impact. This report supports these conversations by providing empirical evidence for addressing

these goals rather than relying on anecdotal-based assumptions about students and technology or

single studies that confirm our preconceived biases. We hope that this report will serve as the

starting point of those conversations.

5.1 Conclusion

This section gives you the opportunity to discuss the meaning of your results beyond what they

mean statistically; that is, you interpret the findings and indicate what can be concluded from

them. In your discussion, indicate whether the results confirm, totally or in part, your original

expectations or predictions. For each hypothesis, indicate whether it was supported and why.

Discuss any limitations inherent in your research procedures. What implications do these

limitations have for the conclusions drawn from the results? You should also discuss the

relationship of your results to the original problem description:

Will any of the alternatives make a difference, help solve the problem, or improve the situation?

What are the long-term as well as the short-term implications of your findings?

How do your findings relate to those of other researchers cited in the Literature Review?

In some cases, the findings of several hypotheses may be interrelated. In that situation, you might

choose to discuss those findings together and explain the interrelationships.

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5.2 Recommendation

Other recommendations may also be appropriate. When preparing this section, remember that in

making your recommendations, you must show how your results support them. Often times, you

will want to include a policy recommendation in this section. A recommendation for a policy

change should include: Specifically stating what should be done, the steps required

implementing the policy, and the resources needed;

Discussion of the benefits to the organization and what problems would be corrected or avoided;

Discussion of the feasibility of the proposed policy; General statement about the nature and

timing of an evaluation plan that would be used to determine the effectiveness of the proposed

policy. he initially stated overarching aim of this research was to identify the contextual factors

and mechanisms that are regularly associated with effective and cost-effective public

involvement in research. While recognising the limitations of our analysis, we believe we have

largely achieved this in our revised theory of public involvement in research set out in . We have

developed and tested this theory of public involvement in research in eight diverse case studies;

this has highlighted important contextual factors, in particular PI leadership, which had not

previously been prominent in the literature.

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We have identified how this critical contextual factor shapes key mechanisms of public

involvement, including the identification of a senior lead for involvement, resource allocation for

involvement and facilitation of research partners. These mechanisms then lead to specific

outcomes in improving the quality of research, notably recruitment strategies and materials and

data collection tools and methods. We have identified a ‘virtuous circle’ of feedback to research

partners on their contribution leading to their improved confidence and motivation, which

facilitates their continued contribution

5.3 Area of further research

In this section, you finally have the opportunity to present and discuss the actions that future

researchers should take as a result of your Project. A well-thought-out set of recommendations

makes it more likely that the organization will take your recommendations seriously. Ideally you

should be able to make a formal recommendation regarding the alternative that is best supported

by the study. Present and discuss the kinds of additional research suggested by your Project. If

the preferred alternative is implemented, what additional research might be needed?

n-depth exploration of how PIs become committed to public involvement and how to influence

agnostic or sceptical PIs would be very helpful. Further research might compare, for example,

training with peer-influencing strategies in engendering PI commitment. Research could explore

the leadership role of other research team members, including research partners, and how

collective leadership might support effective public involvement.

More methodological work is needed on how to robustly capture the impact and outcomes of

public involvement in research (building as well on the PiiAF work of Popay et al.51), including
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further economic analysis and exploration of impact when research partners are integral to

research teams.

Research to develop approaches and carry out a full cost–benefit analysis of public involvement

in research would be beneficial. Although methodologically challenging, it would be very useful

to conduct some longer-term studies which sought to quantify the impact of public involvement

on such key indicators as participant recruitment and retention in clinical trials.

It would also be helpful to capture qualitatively the experiences and perspectives of research

partners who have had mixed or negative experiences, since they may be less likely than

enthusiasts to volunteer to participate in studies of involvement in research such as ours.

Similarly, further research might explore the (relatively rare) experiences of marginalised and

seldom-heard groups involved in research

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L. T. Asp.net and MySQL Web Development (4th Edition) 4th Edition.Chakra borty, N. R.

Software Development Methodology: Live Prototyping Approach. Thomas, D. The Pragmatic

Programmer: From Journeyman to Master 1st

choolTool. (n.d.). Retrieved June 7, 2013, from SchoolTool, The Global Information System:

http://www.schooltool.org/ Shewhart, W. (1939). Statistical Method from the Viewpoint of

Quality Control. Dover. SmartLab. (2013, June 25). SmartLab. Retrieved from Java rfid:

http://www.smartlab.deusto.es/java-rfid/ Sommerville, I. (2007). Software Engineering (8th ed.).

Harlow, England: Pearson Education Limited.

6- (Khaled J.Awadallah , 2003). (Tekic & Koroteev, 2019).

(Daejeon, South Korea ,2019)

HENRY MINTZBERG Faculty of Management, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/smj.4250110302

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338537367_Design_Management_Knowledge

Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology

https://sapientia.ualg.pt/bitstream/10400.1/6786/1/a44399%20BNelson%20Thesis.pdf

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Chapter13.pdf