UNIT III - Problems on Averages, Problems on ages, Blood relations

Average
∑𝑥
𝑥̅ =
𝑛

Find average of 2,3, 5,8,12

=2+3+5+8+12 / 5 = 30/5=6

Sum of first “n” natural numbers:

𝑛(𝑛+1)
1+2+3+……+n =
2

1+2+3+ +𝑛 𝑛(𝑛+1) (𝑛+1)

Average of First “n” natural number = = /n =
𝑛 2 2

1+2+ ...+10 = 10+1 /2 = 5.5

Average of first five odd numbers? 5

Exercise:

1. The Average of 40 students in a class is 15 years. If the age of teacher is

included then the average become 16 years. Find the age of the
teacher?
∑𝑥 ∑𝑥
̅𝑥 = = = 15
𝑛 40

∑ 𝑥 = 40 X15 = 600
∑𝑥
= 16 = ∑ 𝑥 = 41 X16 = 656
41

Age of teacher = 656 – 600 = 56

Trick: Age of teacher = 16+ (1*40) = 56

 2. The Average of 25 students in a class is 13 years. If the age of teacher is
included then the average age is increased by 2 years. Find the age of
the teacher?

The age of the teacher =15+(2*25)= 65

3. Average age of 12 men is increased by 2 years. When one man whose

age is 43 years is replaced by new man. Find the age of new man?

The age of new man = 43+2*12 = 67

4. Average age of 18 men is decreased by 1 years. When one man whose

age is 49 years is replaced by new man. Find the age of new man?

The age of new man = 49-1*18 = 31

More Examples:

1. Find the average of first 30 multiple of 5.

Solution:
Sum of first 30 multiples of 5
= 5(1+2+3+….+30) = 5 * [ 30 *31 / 2 ]
= 2325
2325
The average of first 30 multiple of 5 = = 77.5
30

2. The average height of 8 boys in a class is 168 cm. When a ninth boy
Joins the group, the average height becomes 167 cm. Find the height of
the ninth boy.
Solution:
Total height of 8 boys = 168 cm × 8 = 1344 cm
Total height of 9 boys = 167 cm × 9 = 1503 cm

The height of 9th boy = 1503 – 1344 = 159cm

3. A man bought 8 chairs of Rs 250 each. 12 pants Rs.400 each and 4 pairs
of shoes at Rs 550 each. Find the average value of each article.
Solution:
Total cost of 8 chairs = Rs.250 × 8 = Rs 2000
Total cost of 12 Paints = Rs.400 × 12 = Rs 4800
Total cost of 4 pairs of shoes = Rs.550 × 4 = Rs 2200

2000+4800+2200 9000
Average of each article = = = Rs375
8+12+4 24

4. The average age of 50 boys in a class is 12 years. The average of another

class of 40 boys is 15 years. What is the average age of both the classes
taken together?
Solution:
The total age of 50 boys in the class = 50 × 12 = 600 years
The total age of 40 boys in another class = 40 × 15 = 600 years
600+600 40
Average age of both the classes = = years.
50+40 3

Short –cut:
50×12+40 ×15 40
= years
50+40 3

5. A train travels from A to B at the rate of 40 km/h and from B to A at the

rate of 60 km/h. What is the average rate of the whole journey?
Solution:
2𝑥𝑦
Average speed =
𝑥+𝑦

2 ×40×60
= = 48km/h
40+60

6. Five years ago, the average of P and Q was 15 years. Average age of P,Q
and R today is 20 years. How old will R be after 10 years?
a.35 years b. 40 years c. 30 years d. 50 years
 𝑃−5+𝑄−5
= 15
2
P+Q = 40
𝑃+𝑄+𝑅
= 20
3
P+Q+R = 60
40+R = 60
Present age of R = 20years
The age of R after 10 years = 20 + 10 = 30 years

7. The mean of 50 observations was 36. It was found later than an

observation 48 was wrongly taken as 23. Find the correct mean.
a. 35.2 b. 36.1 c. 36.5 d.39.1

𝑤𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑔 𝑠𝑢𝑚
Wrong Mean= 36 = = 36 x 50 = 1800
50
Incorrect total =1800
Correct total = 1800-23+48 = 1800+25 = 1825

Correct Mean = 1825 / 50 = 36.5

PROBLEMS ON AGES

1. In 30 years, age of a person becomes 3 times of his present age. What is his present age?
Solution:
Let his present age is x years.
Then his age after 30 years will be 3x years.
Given x+ 30 = 3x
2x = 30
X = 15 years.

2. The sum of ages of sunil and his father is 46 years. 3 years back father’s age was 4 times
sunils age. Find Present age of Sunil.

Solution:
S+F = 46 ⟹ F = 46 - S
F – 3 = 4(S- 3)
F – 3 = 4S – 12
 46 – S – 3 = 4S – 12
43 +12 = 5S
55 = 5 S
S = 11 years.
3. The sum of ages of Suresh and his father is 78 years. 6 years hence father’s age will be twice
of Suresh’s age. Find Present age of father.

Solution:

S + F = 78 ⟹ S = 78 – F
F+6 = 2(S+6)
F + 6 = 2(78 – F + 6)
F+6 = 2(84 – F )
F+6 = 168 – 2F
3F = 162
F = 54 years.

Note: Ages of A and B are in the ratio of a: b.

after ‘y’ years the ratio of ages becomes m: n. then their present ages are ‘ax’ and ‘bx’ years,
𝑦(𝑚−𝑛 )
where X=
𝑎𝑛−𝑏𝑚

4. Ratio of present ages of father and son is 8:3. If 10 years from now, the ratio becomes 2:1.
Find the present age of the son.

Father Son
Old Ratio 8 3
New Ratio 2 1

10×(2−1)
X = 8×1−3×2
=5

Present age of son = 3 × 5 = 15 years.

5. Ratio between present ages of A and B is 3:4. What is the present age of A, If 4 years ago,
the ratio was 5:7?

A B
Old Ratio 5 7
New Ratio 3 4
Difference in time = 4 years.
 4×(3−4)
x= 5×4−3×7
=4
∴ A’s age (4years ago) = 5 ×4 = 20 years
∴ A’s Present age = 20+4 = 24 years.

6. 5 years ago the father’s age was 3 times of his son’s age. 5 years hence the ratio between
the ages of father and the son becomes 11:5. Find the father‘s present age.

Father Son
Old Ratio 3 1
New Ratio 11 5
Let 5 years ago father’s age was 3× years

(5+5)×(11−5)
x= 3×5−1×11
= 15
∴ Father’s age (5 years ago) = 3 × 15 = 45 years.
His present age = 45 + 5 = 50 years.

BLOOD RELATIONS
1. Pointing to a man a woman said,” His mother is only daughter of my mother”, How is the woman
related to the man?

a.Mother

b. Daughter

c. Sister

d. Brother.

2. Pointing to a Gentleman, Deepak said, His only brother is the father of my daughter’s father”, How
is the gentleman related to Deepak?

a. Grandfather b. Father c. Brother in law d. uncle.

3.Pointing to a Photograph, a woman says,” This man’s son’s sister is my mother in law. “ How is the
woman’s husband related to the man in the Photograph?

a. Son b.son-in law c. Grandson d. Brother

4.If Kamal Says,” Ravi’s mother is the only daughter of my mother,” How is kamal related to Ravi?

Ans: Maternal uncle.

5.Dinesh is brother of Raju. Rina is sister of Aman.Ravi is Rina’s son. How is Dinesh related to Rina?

a. Son b. sister c.uncle d. none of these.

Answer:

1. a.Mother. 2.d. Uncle 3.c. Grandson 4. Maternal uncle. 5. None of these.