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CE 370 Tutorial Note 2

1) The document describes the process for calculating bending stresses in a cracked reinforced concrete beam using the transformed area method. Key parameters like effective depth, neutral axis depth, and moment of inertia are determined. 2) Bending stresses are then calculated at the extreme compression fiber and steel level. Allowable resisting moments are also determined based on allowable concrete and steel stresses. 3) A second example is provided to demonstrate determining the allowable resisting moment of a cracked RC beam based on the smaller value from either concrete stress or steel stress limits. The concrete stress limit governs the resisting moment in this case.

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Ibrahim Almohanna
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
39 views

CE 370 Tutorial Note 2

1) The document describes the process for calculating bending stresses in a cracked reinforced concrete beam using the transformed area method. Key parameters like effective depth, neutral axis depth, and moment of inertia are determined. 2) Bending stresses are then calculated at the extreme compression fiber and steel level. Allowable resisting moments are also determined based on allowable concrete and steel stresses. 3) A second example is provided to demonstrate determining the allowable resisting moment of a cracked RC beam based on the smaller value from either concrete stress or steel stress limits. The concrete stress limit governs the resisting moment in this case.

Uploaded by

Ibrahim Almohanna
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1

Flexural Behavior of RC Beams: Cracked Stage:

𝐸𝑐 = 4700√𝑓𝑐′ → 𝐶𝑜𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒 𝑀𝑜𝐸, 𝑆𝐵𝐶304 − 18, 19.2.2.1. 𝑏

𝐸𝑠 = 200,000 𝑀𝑃𝑎 → 𝑅𝑒𝑏𝑎𝑟 𝑀𝑜𝐸, 𝑆𝐵𝐶304 − 18,20.2.2.2


𝐸𝑠
𝑛= → 𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜
𝐸𝑐
𝑑𝑏
𝑑 = ℎ − 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 − 𝑑𝑠 − → 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ, 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝑙𝑎𝑦𝑒𝑟
2
𝑏𝑥 2
− 𝑛𝐴𝑠 𝑑 + 𝑛𝐴𝑠 𝑥 = 0 → 𝑁𝑒𝑢𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ (𝑥) 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡𝑜𝑝 𝑓𝑖𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑠
2
𝑏𝑥 3
𝐼= + (𝑛𝐴𝑠 )(𝑑 − 𝑥)2 → 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑎 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑛𝑒𝑢𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠
3
𝑀𝑦
𝑓= → 𝐵𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠
𝐼
𝑀𝑦
𝑓𝑐 = → 𝐵𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠 𝐴𝑡 𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑖𝑏𝑒𝑟 (𝑦 = 𝑥)
𝐼
𝑓𝑠
𝑓𝑐 = → 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜
𝑛
𝑀𝑦
𝑓𝑠 = 𝑛 → 𝐵𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠 𝐴𝑡 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝑙𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑙 (𝑦 = 𝑑 − 𝑥)
𝐼
𝑓𝑐 𝐼
𝑀𝑐 = → 𝐴𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒(𝑦 = 𝑥)
𝑦
𝑓𝑠 𝐼
𝑀𝑠 = → 𝐴𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝑡𝑜 𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 (𝑦 = 𝑑 − 𝑥)
𝑛𝑦

−𝑏 ± √𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐
𝑥= → 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎
2𝑎

Eng. Ibrahim Almohanna, 2021 CE 370: Reinforced Concrete Design -1. Tutorial Note #2
http://fac.ksu.edu.sa/ialmohanna/
2

Assuming a cracked elastic section, calculate the bending stresses in the beam shown in the figure above
using the transformed area method. fc’ = 25 MPa, n = 8, ds = 10 mm, and tension steel stress is equal to
88.095 kN.m.

Since the beam is cracked, it is not homogeneous (i.e., y ≠ h/2) and (i.e., I ≠ Ig).
1- Find beam effective depth, d:
𝑑𝑏
𝑑 = ℎ − 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 − 𝑑𝑠 − = 700 − 40 − 10 − 11 = 639 𝑚𝑚
2
2- Find Area of steel, As:
222
𝐴𝑠 = # × 𝐴𝑏 = 4 × 𝜋 = 1520.5 𝑚𝑚2
4
3- Find Neutral axis depth (x) from top fibers:
𝑏𝑥 2
− 𝑛𝐴𝑠 𝑑 + 𝑛𝐴𝑠 𝑥 = 0
2
350𝑥 2
− 8 × 1520.5 × 639 + 8 × 1520.5 × 𝑥 = 0
2
𝑥 2 + 69.51𝑥 − 44415.98 = 0
Quadratic formula:

−69.51 ± √69.512 − 4 × 1 × −44415.95


𝑥= = (178.84) 𝑜𝑟(−248.35)
2×1
Take the positive answer, x = 178.84 mm
4- Find moment of inertia about neutral axis:
𝑏𝑥 3 350 × 178.843
𝐼= + (𝑛𝐴𝑠 )(𝑑 − 𝑥)2 = + (8 × 1520.5)(639 − 178.84)2 = 3.243 × 109 𝑚𝑚4
3 3

Eng. Ibrahim Almohanna, 2021 CE 370: Reinforced Concrete Design -1. Tutorial Note #2
http://fac.ksu.edu.sa/ialmohanna/
3

5- Find bending Stresses at extreme compression fiber (y=x)


𝑀𝑦 88.095 × 106 𝑁. 𝑚𝑚 × 178.84 𝑚𝑚
𝑓𝑐 = = = 4.86 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝐼 3.243 × 109 𝑚𝑚4
6- Find bending Stresses at steel level (y=d – x)
𝑀𝑦 88.095 × 106 𝑁. 𝑚𝑚 × (639 − 178.84) 𝑚𝑚
𝑓𝑠 = 𝑛 =8× = 100 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝐼 3.243 × 109 𝑚𝑚4

■■■■

Determine the allowable resisting moments of the beam above (causing compression and tension stresses) if
the allowable stress in concrete is fc = 12 MPa and in steel is fs = 160 MPa. fc’= 25 MPa and beam effective
depth is 425 mm.

Since the beam is cracked, it is not homogeneous (i.e., y ≠ h/2) and (i.e., I ≠ Ig).
1- Find modular ratio, n:
𝐸𝑠 200,000 200,000
𝑛= = = = 8.51
𝐸𝑐 4700√𝑓𝑐′ 4700√25

2- Find Area of steel, As:


252
𝐴𝑠 = # × 𝐴𝑏 = 4 × 𝜋 = 1964 𝑚𝑚2
4
3- Find Neutral axis depth (x) from top fibers:
𝑏𝑥 2
− 𝑛𝐴𝑠 𝑑 + 𝑛𝐴𝑠 𝑥 = 0
2
300𝑥 2
− 8.51 × 1964 × 425 + 8.51 × 1964 × 𝑥 = 0
2
𝑥 2 + 111.42𝑥 − 47356 = 0

Eng. Ibrahim Almohanna, 2021 CE 370: Reinforced Concrete Design -1. Tutorial Note #2
http://fac.ksu.edu.sa/ialmohanna/
4

Quadratic formula:

−111.42 ± √111.422 − 4 × 1 × −47356


𝑥= = (168.9) 𝑜𝑟(−280.34)
2×1
Take the positive answer, x = 168.9 mm
4- Find moment of inertia about neutral axis:
𝑏𝑥 3 2
300 × 168.93
𝐼= + (𝑛𝐴𝑠 )(𝑑 − 𝑥) = + (8.51 × 1964)(425 − 168.9)2 = 1.578 × 109 𝑚𝑚4
3 3
5- Find allowable resisting moment based on allowable compression in concrete (y=x)
𝑓𝑐 𝐼 12 𝑁/𝑚𝑚2 × 1.578 × 109 𝑚𝑚4
𝑀𝑐 = = = 112100790.3 𝑁. 𝑚𝑚 = 112.1 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑦 168.9 𝑚𝑚
6- Find allowable resisting moment based on to allowable tension in steel (y=d – x)
𝑓𝑠 𝐼 160 𝑁/𝑚𝑚2 × 1.578 × 109 𝑚𝑚4
𝑀𝑠 = = = 115859713.1 𝑁. 𝑚𝑚 = 115.86 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑛𝑦 8.51 × (425 − 168.9) 𝑚𝑚

Extra step:
The resisting moment of the section is 112.1 kN.m (the smallest) because if that value is exceeded, concrete
becomes overstressed even though the steel stress is less than its allowable stress.
■■■■

Eng. Ibrahim Almohanna, 2021 CE 370: Reinforced Concrete Design -1. Tutorial Note #2
http://fac.ksu.edu.sa/ialmohanna/

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