Orthographic - Projection Right Angle Dimension - Measurement - Metric System of Measurement - English System of Measurement - Metric - Dimensioning

PAMANSALAN ECO-TECH HIGH
School Grade Level

SCHOOL
Teacher VIVRAM M. ZAMORAS Learning Area
SHS: MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY
Sch. Yr.: 2022-2023
Quarter: 1 ST
Date & Time of Engagement
Semi-Detailed Lesson Plan in Technical Drawing
I. OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to:
a. Discussed the principles of orthographic projection; and
b. Supply missing lines accurately.
II. SUBJECT MATTER

Topic: Construct orthographic views
Reference: Competency Based Learning Material
Materials: Chalkboard, visual aids, chalk
III. LEARNING EXPERIENCE
 Daily Routine
 Prayer
 Greetings
 Checking of attendance
 Review of past lesson
A. ACTIVITY
 The students answer the following activity.
Direction: Find the meaning of the technical terms found in constructing orthographic views.
Orthographic - is a method of representing three dimensions.

Projection - is an object on a plane having only length and breadth.
Right Angle - is an angle with a measure of 90 degrees.
Dimension - is a radial or linear length (width, height, depth) labeled on a technical
drawing.
Measurement - is the process or result of measuring anything.
Metric system of measurement - is an international system of measurement
English system of measurement - is an American standard system of measurement
Metric - pertains to the metric system of measurement.
Dimensioning - is an act of measuring a drawing.
B. ANALYSIS
 Do you know the basic knowledge of on alphabet lines?
 How many lines do you know?
 What are the basic alphabet lines that are used in orthographic drawing?
C. ABSTRACTION
Orthographic projection is a method of representing the exact shape of the object by dropping two
or more perpendicular to a plane generally at right angle. As basic requirement in performing drawing
activities, the students must have the basic knowledge on alphabet of lines.
The following are the basic alphabet of lines that are used in orthographic drawing.
1. Visible lines – Used to show visible edges or contours of an object (NOTE: Visible lines are sometimes
called object lines.)
2. Hidden lines – Represented by a series of medium weight dashes used to show the hidden or invisible
edges of an object.
3. Center lines – Used to show the centers of holes of circular object or shape.
4. Section lines – Used to show a surface that has been cut in a section view. The surface indicated with
section line is presumed to be solid portion.
5. Extension lines – Indicates the limit of a dimension line.
6.Dimension lines – Used to show the size (dimensions) of an object; spans from one extension line to the
next, has arrowhead at both ends, and is broken in the middle fro the measurement number (dimension).
7.Leader lines – Used to direct descriptive major information, notes, or special dimensions to features on
the drawing and done mechanically.
8.Cutting-plane lines – Used to show where a section has been taken; arrows on the end show the
direction in which the section was taken.
9.Break lines – Used to show that part of the object has been removed or broken away
a. Short break lines are for freehand, jagged lines and applicable for small objects only.
b. Long break lines are solid with a Z symbol inserted in several places and done mechanically and
applicable for big objects only.
10.Reference line – an irregular fine curve line with an arrowhead at one end used for indicating the
measurement and name of a part.
Two Methods of Shape Representation
A. Orthographic Views B. Pictorial Views

Orthographic view-is a representation of two or more separate views. This can be represented into six
principal views and regular views
1. The Three Regular Views

Orthographic views can be represented by two
or more separate views; however, it is advisable to
illustrate three views to show clear and detail
presentation of at least three principal views of the
object. The following are:
1. Top View
2. Front View
3. Side View
2. The Six Principal Views
1. Top View. It is drawn above the front.

2. Front View. It is drawn vertically aligned and below the top view
3. Right Side View. This located at the right side and aligned with the front view.
4. Left Side View. The opposite of the right-side view. It is located at the left side and aligned with the front
view.
5. Rear View. The opposite view of the front view. It is located aligned after either at the right-side view or
left side view.
6. Bottom View. The opposite view of the top view. This must be drawn vertically aligned and below the
front view.
Plan View or Top View

This can be little more difficult to visualize because you have to imagine yourself moving over the
top of the object and looking vertically downward. The left-hand and right-hand illustration on the next page
show how the plan is placed above the front. Again, sketch the light vertical construction lines to locate the
plan in its proper position. Draw these upward from each corner of the front view and line-in the plan of the
right.
Front View
Concentrate on the front view. If you look at it correctly the effect will be seen below at the left, while
the below right illustration shows what you will actually see. Notice that in the left-hand drawing, you can
only see the dark-inked front “face” of the object. Notice also that you cannot see any of the other sides of
the object. This is because all those sides are “going away” from you in your line of sight and are simply not
visible from your view point. They are still there, of course, but are hidden behind the outer edges of the
first face.
Right-Side View
Right-side view should be drawn at the right side of front view. Imagine moving around the object to
look directly at its right side. How you see it is shown below-left and what you see is shown below-right.
Again, the faces you actually see are heavily outlined.
Pictorial View is a representation of a complete shape of the object.
The Space Dimension

This refers to the three-dimension standards of the pictorial view such as: height, width, and depth.
Height is the distance elevation from top to bottom.
Width is the distance from left side to the right side.
Depth is the distance from front to rear.
The ten principles to be considered in constructing orthographic drawing/projection are:

1. Top view is directly above the front view.
2. Side views are horizontally aligned with the front view and rear view.
3. The width of the top view is equal to the width of the side view.
4. When a line or edge is viewed perpendicularly to a plane or surface, projection will appear as a point.
5. A line or edge parallel to a plane of projection will also appear as a line or edge in its exact shape or true
length.
6. A line or edge inclined to the plane of projection will appear shorter or foreshortened.
7. A surface perpendicular to the plane will appear as a line or edge equal in length to the nearest edge of
the surface which in this case is either its length or its width depending on its position.
8. A surface parallel to the plane of projection will be shown in its exact or true shape and size.
9. A surface inclined to the plane of projection will also appear as a surface but smaller in size and shape.
10. No line or edge of the object can be projected longer than its true length.
D. APPLICATION
 Th students performs the activity given individually.
Direction: Given the three orthographic views, Construct a pictorial view.
IV. EVALUATION
Direction: On the blank provided before each item, write the words that make the sentence complete and
correct.
_________1. Dimension line must be terminated by an _____________.
_________ 2.The length of arrowhead must be _________________.
_________3. It is a thin and dark solid line that extends from a point on the drawing to which the dimension
refers.
_________4. It is a gap, and a distance of the extension line to the object.
_________5.It is the exact width of the arrowhead.
_________6. The distance from front to rear.
_________ 7. It is the opposite view of the top view.
_________ 8. The first step in constructing orthographic drawing.
_________ 9. It is the opposite view of the front view.
________ 10. It is the distance between object outline and dimension line.
V. ASSIGNMENT
Direction: Supply the missing visible and hidden lines in the Orthographic views below. Write
your answer in a short bond paper.
Prepared by:
Vivram M. Zamoras
LSB Teacher
Approved by:
NOEL G. SOLIS, RN
SSP II

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PAMANSALAN ECO-TECH HIGH

School Grade Level

Date & Time of Engagement

Semi-Detailed Lesson Plan in Technical Drawing

II. SUBJECT MATTER

III. LEARNING EXPERIENCE

Orthographic - is a method of representing three dimensions.

Two Methods of Shape Representation

A. Orthographic Views B. Pictorial Views

1. The Three Regular Views

2. The Six Principal Views

1. Top View. It is drawn above the front.

Plan View or Top View

Pictorial View is a representation of a complete shape of the object.

The Space Dimension

The ten principles to be considered in constructing orthographic drawing/projection are:

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