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CHAPTER 1
INDONESIAN LAW

Indonesian law is based on Continental or Roman law, which was introduced by Dutch
traders in 1602 and was formed by Dutch government in 1856. Since Dutch occupied Indonesia
archipelago for 350 years, they also applied their law in Indonesia to govern any relationship
between inhabitants with them1 or among themselves2. When Indonesia declared its3 freedom, the
Dutch law is still used to fulfill the absence of law in the new nation4. Therefore, basically,
Indonesia law is similar to Dutch law which5 is based on Roman law.
There are two main categories of Indonesian law. One is known as private law, and the other
is criminal law. These6 two categories have differences in their scopes and their procedures.
Vocabulary
English Indonesia
1. occupied ………………………
2. govern ………………………
3. declare ………………………
4. freedom ………………………
5. private of law ………………………
6.private law …………………

A. THE PRIVATE LAW

The private law means the law, which regulates private relation such as law relating to
business, contracts, marriage and divorce. The private law is also known as Civil Law that concerns
disputes among citizen within a country. For legal purposes, inhabitants of the Indonesia
archipelago have been divided into three “population group”, namely European Group, Native
Group and Foreign Oriental Group.
According to Article 131 (2)(a) IS, the civil and commercial law applicable to the European
Group must be the same as the private law in force in Nederlands. This principle is known as the
principle of concordance (concordantie).
The civil and commercial regulation for the Native Group must be based on Adat Law, i.e.7
on indigenous customs and religion, and the private law for Foreign Oriental Group is basically
same with European Group except the customary law which8 brought by Foreign Oriental from
their places of origin.
The procedure of private law is different with criminal law. The party bringing a private
action is called plaintiff and the party suspected do something wrong is called defendant. Once the
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plaintiff has shown that the defendant is liable, the main argument in a private court then is about
the amount of money, or damages, which9 the defendant should pay to the plaintiff.
Vocabulary
English Indonesia
1. private law …………………………
2. private relation …………………………
3. private action …………………………
4. regulate …………………………
5. citizen …………………………
6. commercial law …………………………
7. population group …………………………
8. european group …………………………
9. native group …………………………
10. foreign oriental group …………………………
11. customary law …………………………
12. procedure …………………………
13. plaintiff …………………………
14. defendant …………………………
15. liable …………………………
16. damages …………………………

B. THE CRIMINAL LAW

Criminal law means the law regulating the relation between citizens and the state. Crimes
can be thought of as acts which the state considers tobe wrong and which can be punished by the
state.
As a contrary to the private law, uniformity was achieved in this subject through Criminal
Code 1918. One of the important principle in Indonesia Criminal Law is “nullum delictum noella
poena sine privilage poenale”, which means there is no punishment for criminals without any
regulation of what has he/she done previously. The most important thing in differences between
private law and criminal law is the procedure in forcing the two kind of law. In private law, the
party bringing an action to the court is called plaintiff, i.e. the person who experience losses, while
the party bringing a criminal action is called prosecutor who is public servant. Once the prosecutor
has shown that the defendant is guilty, he/she will be sent to the jail.
Vocabulary
English Indonesia
1. criminal law ……………………
2. wrong ……………………
3. punish ……………………
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4. forcing ……………………
5. prosecutor ……………………
6. guilty ……………………
7. jail ……………………

CHAPTER 2
SIMPLE PRESENT
SUBJECT + SIMPLE PRESENT

A. Simple Present digunakan untuk:

1. Hal-hal yang umum sifatnya;
2. Hal-hal yang terjadi berulang-ulang;
3. Hal-hal yang benar secara umum.
Kejadian tidak perlu berlangsung pada saat berbicara. Misal:
- Alex is a lawyer.
- The Earth goes round the sun.
- In Jakarta most of the law firms close at 9.00 p.m.
- I work in Bank. Barry works in a court.
I/We/You/They work
She/He/It works

B. Questions and Negative Sentences

Dalam kalimat tanya atau kalimat negatif digunakan do/does.
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do‚ I/we/you/they work? I/We//You/They do not work

does‚ he/she/it He/She/It does not
Example:
- Excuse me, do you speak English?
- Would you like a cigarette? No, thanks, I don't smoke.
- What does this word mean? (not what means this word?)
- Rice doesn't grow in Britain.

C. Simple Present juga digunakan untuk mengatakan sesuatu hal yang seringkali terjadi
Example:
- I get up at 5 o'clock every morning (not 'am getting)
- How often do you go to the dentist?
- Rika does not often drink tea
- In summer Tom usually plays tennis twice a week
- She always comes to the meeting on time

D. Untuk mengetahui asal seseorang

- Where do you come from? (not where are you coming from?)
- He comes from Japan (not He is coming from Japan)

E. Untuk membuat usulan

- I am tired, why don't you go to bed early?

EXERCISE 1
Isikan verb yang benar pada ruang kosong berikut:
Example : Water boils (boil) at 100 degrees centigrade.
George does not go (not/go) to the cinema very often.
How many languages do you speak (you/speak)?
1. The swimming bath ......... (open) at 9.00 and (close) at 18.30 every day.
2. What time (the banks/close) in Jakarta?
3. I have a car but I (not/use) it very often.
4. How many cigarettes (you/smoke) a day?
5. 'What (you/do)?' 'I am an electrical engineer.'
6. 'Where ........... (your father/come) from? 'He (come) from Scotland.
7. If you need money, why (you/not/get) a job?
8. I .......... ((play) the piano, but I (not/play) very well

EXERCISE 2
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This time you have to read some sentences and correct them. The English is correct but the
information is wrong. Write two correct each time.
Example: The sun goes round the earth.
The sun does not go round the earth
The earth goes round the sun
1. The sun rises in the west. .......................................
..................................................................
2. Mice catch cats. .................................................
..................................................................
3. Carpenters make things from metal. ...............................
..................................................................
4. The River Amazon flows into the Pacific Ocean. ...................
..................................................................

EXERCISE 3
Now you have to use these sentences to make questions. Begin your question with the word(s) in
brackets.
Example: Tom plays tennis. (How often?)
How often does Tom play tennis?
I get up in the morning. (What time/usually)
What time do you usually get up in the morning?
1. Ann watches television. (How often?) How often .......................
2. I write to my parents. (How often?) ...................................
3. I have dinner in the evening. (What time/usually) .....................
4. Tom works. (Where?) ...................................................
5. I go to the cinema. (How often?) ......................................
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CHAPTER 3
SIMPLE PRESENTPROGRESSIVE/CONTINUOUS
SUBJECT + VERB-ING

A. Digunakan untuk hal-hal yang terjadi pada waktu atau sekitar waktu berbicara
- The kettle is boiling. Can you turn it off, please?
- Listen to those people. What are they speaking?
- ‘Where's Tom?' 'He's playing tennis.'
- (you find a stranger in your room) 'What are you doing‚ here?'
- Silvia is in Britain for three months. She's learning‚ English.

B. Digunakan untuk situasi sesaat (temporary situation)

- I'm living with some friends until I can find a new room.
- That machine isn't working. It broke down this morning.

C. Beberapa verb hanya digunakan dalam simple tense saja.

Misalnya, kita tidak bisa mengatakan 'I am knowing', yang benar adalah 'I know'. Berikut ini daftar
verb yang biasanya tidak digunakan dalam bentuk continuous tense atau disebut juga dengan NON
PROGRESSIVE:
want like belong know suppose remember
need love see realise mean forget
prefer hate hear believe understand seem

EXERCISE 1
In this exercise you have to decide whether the verbs in these sentences are right or wrong.
Correct those which are wrong. The verb is underlined.
Example: I don't know your telephone number. Right
Please don't make so much noise. I study. Wrong (I am studying)
1. Look! Somebody is climbing up that tree over there........
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2. Can you hear those people? What do they talk about. .......
3. Are you believing in God? .......
4. Look! That man tries to open the door of your car. .......
5. The moon goes round the earth. .......
6. I'm thinking it would be a good idea to leave early. .......
7. The government is worried because the number of people
without jobs is increasing. .......
8. I'm usually going to work by car. .......

EXERCISE 2
Now you have to put the verb into the correct form, present continuous (I am doing) or present
simple (I do).
Example: Please don't make so much noise. I am studying (study) How many languages
does Tom speak (Tom/speak)?
This machine does not work (not/work). It hasn't worked for years.
1. I………… (not/belong) to a political party.
2. Hurry! The bus ............ (come). I (not/want) to miss it.
3. The River Nile (flow) into the Mediterranean.
4. The river (flow) very fast today - much faster than usual.
5. (it/ever/snow) in India?
6. We usually .............. (grow) vegetables in our garden but this year we
..............(not/grow) any.
7. A: Can you drive?
B: No, but I ........ (learn). My father (teach) me.
8. You can borrow my umbrella. I (not/need) it at the moment.
9. (at a party) I usually ......... (enjoy) parties but I (not/enjoy) this one very much.
10. George says he's 80 years old but I……..(not/believe) him.
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CHAPTER 4
SIMPLE PAST
SUBJECT + SIMPLE PAST

A. Perhatikan percakapan berikut:

Tom : Look! It's raining again.
Ann : Oh no, not again. It rained‚ all day yesterday too.

Kita menggunakan Simple Past tense untuk membicarakan kegiatan atau situasi pada masa
lampau.
- I enjoyed the party very much.
- Mr. Edwards died ten years ago.
- When I lived in Manchester, I worked in a bank.

B. Seringkali kita menggunakan -ed dalam Simple Past

- We invited them to our party but they decided not to come.
- The police stopped me on my way home last night.
- She passed her examination because she studied‚ very hard.

Namun demikian, ada beberapa verb yang tidak diakhiri dengan ed, verb yang demikian
disebut irregular verb.
leave --- left We all left the party at 11 o'clock
go --- went Yesterday I went to London to see a friend of mine cost --- cost This house cost $
35,000 in 1980.

Bentuk past verb be (am/is/are) adalah was/were I/he/she/it was

We/you/they were
I was angry because Tom and Ann were late.

C. Dalam kalimat negatif dan bertanya, digunakan did/didn't + infinitive

- Ann: Did you go out last night, Tom?
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Tom: Yes, I went to the cinema. But I didn't enjoy the film.
- When did Mr. Edward die?
- What did you do at the week-end?
- We didn't invite her to the party, so she didn't come.

Biasanya pemakaian did/didn't dengan have:

- Did you have time to write the letter?
- I didn't have enough money to buy anything to eat. Tetapi did tidak digunakan dengan
verb be (was/were):
- Why were you so angry?
- They weren't able to come because they were very busy.
- Was Tom at work yesterday?

EXERCISE 1
In this exercise you have to read a sentence about the present and then write a sentence about
the past.
Example: Tom usually gets up at 7.30. Yesterday he got up at 7.30.

1. Tom usually wakes up early. Yesterday morning ...............

2. Tom usually walks to work. Yesterday ........................
3. Tom is usually late for work. Yesterday .....................
4. Tom usually has a sandwich for lunch. Yesterday .............
5. Tom usually goes out in the evening. Yesterday evening ......
6. Tom usually sleeps very well. Last night ....................

EXERCISE 2
This time you have to put one of these verbs in each sentence:
hurt - teach - spend - sell - throwf - all - catch - buy - cost
Example: I was hungry, so I bought something to eat in the shop.
1. Tom's father him how to drive when he was 17.
2. Doni ..... down the stairs this morning and his leg.
3. We needed some money so we our car.
4. Ann ...... a lot of money yesterday. She ........ a dress which $50.
5. Jim ............. the ball to Sue who it.

EXERCISE 3
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In this exercise you have to write questions. A friend has just come back from holiday and you
are asking him about it.
Example: Where/go? Where did you go?
food/good? Was the food good?
1. how long/stay there? .............................................................
2. stay in hotel? ...................................................................
3. go alone? ........................................................................
4. how/travel? ......................................................................
5. the weather/fine? ................................................................
6. what/do in the evenings? .........................................................
7. meet any interesting people? .....................................................

EXERCISE 4
This time you have to put the verb into the correct form. All the sentences are past Example: I
didn’t go…..(not/go) to work yesterday because I wasn’t (not/be) very well.
1. Tom ……........ (not/shave) this morning because he (not/have) time.
2. We……......... (not/eat) anything because we (not/be) hungry.
3. I .......…………… (not/rush) because I (not/be) in a hurry.
4. She ......... (not/be) interested in the book because she ……..(not/understand) it.

CHAPTER 5
PRESENT PERFECT
SUBJECT + HAVE/HAS + PAST PARTICIPLE

A. Pengertian Present Perfect

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Present Perfect digunakan untuk kejadian yang telah berlangsung pada masa lampau dan
masih tetap berlangsung sampai pada saat berbicara. Perhatikan contoh berikut:
Tom is looking for his key. He can't find it. He has lost his key.
Kalimat ini menunjukkan bahwa Tom kehilangan kuncinya beberapa waktu yang lalu dan
masih tetap kehilangan sampai saat ini, karena Tom belum menemukan kuncinya.

B. Present Perfect digunakan jika punya kaitan dengan keadaan sekarang

- I have lost my key (= I have not got it now)
- Jim has gone‚ to Canada (= He is in Canada or on his way there now)
- Oh dear. I have forgotten her name (= I can't remember it now)
- Have you washed your hair? (= Is it clean now?)

C. Fungsi Present Perfect

Present Perfect berfungsi untuk memberikan informasi baru atau untuk mengumumkan
kejadian yang baru berlangsung.
- I've lost my key. Can you help me look for it?
- Do you know about Jim? He's gone‚ to Canada.
- Ohw! I've burnt‚ myself.

Bisa ditambahkan dengan just (baru saja):

- Would you like something to eat? No thanks, I've just had lunch.
- Hello, have you just arrived?

Bisa pula dengan memakai already untuk menunjukkan bahwa sesuatu terjadi lebih cepat dari
yang diharapkan.
- Don't forget to post the letter, will you? I've already posted it.
- When is Tom going to start his new job? He has already started.

EXERCISE 1
You are writing to a friend and giving news about people you both know. Use the words given
to make sentences and put the verb into the correct form.
Example: Phil/find a new job. Phil has found a new job
1. Rizal/go/Brazil ....................................................
2. Joni and Juli decide/to get married .......................................
3. Susi/have/a baby ..........................................................
4. Fadil/give up/smoking .....................................................
5. Rina/pass/his driving test ................................................
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EXERCISE 2
In this exercise you have to read the situation and then write asuitable sentence.
Use the verb given.
Example: Tom is looking for his key. He can't find it. (lose)
He has lost his key.

1. Ann's hair was dirty. Now it is clean. (wash)

..................................................................................
2. Tom was 70 kilograms. Now he weights 65. (lose weight)
..................................................................................
3. The car has just stopped because there isn't any more petrol in the tank. (run out of
petrol) .......................................................................
4. Yesterday Bill was playing football. Now he can't walk and his leg is in plaster.
(break) ..........................................................................

EXERCISE 3
This time you have to use just. Answer the questions using the words given.
Example: Would you like something to eat? (no thank you/I/just/have/dinner)
No thank you. I’ve just had dinner
1. Have you seen John anywhere? (yes/I/just/see/him)
..................................................................................
2. Has Ann phoned yet? (yes/she/just/phone)
..................................................................................
3. Would you like a cigarette? (no thanks/I/just/put/one out)
..................................................................................

EXERCISE 4
In this exercise you have to write sentences with already.
Example: Don't forget to post that letter. I’ve already posted it
1. Don't forget to phone Tom. ..................................................
2. Why don't you read the paper? ..................................................
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CHAPTER 6
SIMPLE FUTURE
SUBJECT + WILL + SIMPLE FORM

A. Penggunaan Simple Future

Simple future digunakan ketika kita memutuskan sesuatu pada saat berbicara:
- Oh, I’ve left the door open. I’ll go and shut it.
- ‘What would you like to drink?’ ‘I’ll have a lemonade, please’.
- ‘Did you phone Ann?’ ‘Oh no, I forget, I’ll do it now’.
- I’m too tired to walk home. I think I’ll get a taxi.

B. Ungkapan Menawarkan Sesuatu

- That bag looks heavy. I’ll help you with it.
- ‘I need some money’. ‘Don’t worry, I’ll lend you some’.

C. Ungkapan Menyetujuai atau Menolak Melakukan Sesuatu

- Alima: You know that book I lent you? Can I have it back?
Bima: Of course, I’ll bring it back this afternoon.
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- I’ve asked John to help me but he won’t.

- The car won’t start.

D. Ungkapan Menjanjikan Melakukan Sesuatu

- Thank you for lending me the money. I’ll pay you back on Friday.
- I won’t tell Tom what you said, I promised.
- I promise I’ll phone you as soon as I arrive.

E. Ungkapan Meminta Seseorang Melalukan Sesuatu

- Will you shut the door, please?
- Will you please be quite? I’m trying to concentrate.

EXERCISE 1
Complete the sentences with I’ll + a suitable verb.
Example: I’m too tired to walk home. I think I’ll get a taxi.
1. I feel a bit hungry, I think………….something to eat.
2. It’s too late to telephone Tom now,………..him in the morning.
3. ‘It’s a bit cold in this room. ………….on the heating then’.
4. ‘We haven’t got any cigarettes’. ‘Oh, haven’t we?...........and get some.
5. ‘Did you write that letter to Jack?’ ‘Oh, I forgot. Thanks for reminding me,
……….. in this evening’.
6. ‘Would you like tea or coffee?……………coffee, please’.

EXERCISE 2
Now you have to use I think I’ll … or I don’t think I’ll… Read the situation and then
write your sentences.
Example: It’s cold. You decide to close the window. I think I’ll close the window.
It’s raining. You decide not to go out. I don’t think I’ll go out.
1. You feel tired. You decide to go to bed. I ……………………………………
2. A friend of yours offers you a lift in his car but you decide to walk. Thank you but
……………………………………………

3. You arranged to play tennis. Now you decide that you don’t want to play
………………………………………………
4. You were going to go swimming. Now you decide that you don’t want to go
………………………………………………

EXERCISE 3
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Now you have to offer to do things. Tom has a lot of things to do and in each case you offer to do
them for him.
Example: Tom: Oh, I must do the washing-up. You: No, it’s all right. I’ll do the
washing-up
1. Tom: Oh, I must get the dinner ready. You: No, it’s all right. ………………………………
2. Tom: Oh, I must do the shopping. You: No,
………………………………………………………
3. Tom: Oh, I must water the plants. You:
…………………………………………………………

EXERCISE 4
This time you have to agree and promise to do things.
Example: A: Can you clean the windows? B: Sure, I’ll clean them this afternoon.
A: Do you promise? B: Yes, I promise I’ll clean them this afternoon.

1. A: Can you phone me later? B: Sure,……………tonight.

A: Do you promise? B: Yes, ……………………………………………

2. A: Can you repair the clock? B: Okay,……………tomorrow.

A: Do ………………… B: ……………………………………………………
3. A: Please don’t tell anyone. B: All right, I …………………………………
A: ……………………… B: …………………………………………………
4. A: Please don’t hurt me. B: Don’t worry, ………………………………….
A: ……………………… B: ……………………………………………………