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HMK 6

The document contains proofs of four mathematical statements: 1) A set S is bounded if and only if it is contained within a closed bounded interval. 2) The intersection of intervals [0,1/n] for n from 1 to infinity equals {0}. 3) The intersection of intervals (0,1/n) for n from 1 to infinity is empty. 4) The intersection of intervals (n,infinity) for n from 1 to infinity is empty. It also explains how to find the rational numbers represented by two periodic decimals.

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Hana Kholifatul
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57 views1 page

HMK 6

The document contains proofs of four mathematical statements: 1) A set S is bounded if and only if it is contained within a closed bounded interval. 2) The intersection of intervals [0,1/n] for n from 1 to infinity equals {0}. 3) The intersection of intervals (0,1/n) for n from 1 to infinity is empty. 4) The intersection of intervals (n,infinity) for n from 1 to infinity is empty. It also explains how to find the rational numbers represented by two periodic decimals.

Uploaded by

Hana Kholifatul
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1 Section 2.

5 - 2, 7, 8, 9, 17
1. 2. If S ⊆ < is nonempty, show that S is bounded if and only if
there exists a closed bounded interval I such that S ⊆ I.

Proof. (⇒) If S is bounded, then there exists u = sup(S) and v = inf(S).


Define the interval I := [v, u] and S is contained in I.
(⇐) If there exists an interval I such that S ⊆ I = [a, b] then a ≤ s for
all s ∈ S and likewise, b ≥ s for all s ∈ S. Since S is bounded above and
below, S, by definition, is bounded.
T∞
2. 7. Let In := [0, 1/n] for n ∈ N . Prove that n=1 In = {0}.

Proof. It’s clear that 0 is in the intersection. The question that comes up
is: Is there another number in the set? To prove this, we use contradiction.
Suppose x is in the intersection, then by 2.4.5 there exists some k ∈ N so
that 1/k < x. This then means that for all n ≥ k we have 1/n < x. We
conclude that x is NOT in any interval In for n ≥ k or that x ∈ / In for
n ≥ k contradicting x was in the infinite intersection.
T∞
3. 8. Let Jn := (0, 1/n) for n ∈ N . Prove that n=1 Jn = ∅.

Proof. Since 0 is not in ANY set, it cannot be in the intersection. Again,


we use contradiction to assume there is an element in the infinite inter-
section and just as in Exercise 7, we show that it cannot happen.
T∞
4. 9. Let Kn := (n, ∞) for n ∈ N . Prove that n=1 Kn = ∅.
A little different than the previous proofs, but similar none-the-
less.

Proof. Assume there is an element, x, in the infinite intersection. Then


by the Archimedean Property (2.4.3), there exists k ∈ N such that x < k.
This means that x ∈
/ Ik for any n ≥ k. Hence, x couldn’t be in the infinite
intersection.

5. 17. What rationals are represented by the periodic decimals


1.25137 · · · 137 · · · and 35.14653 · · · 653 · · · ?
Using the process outlined in the book (and in algebra classes),
set x = 1.2513 · · · 137 · · · and then multiply by the appropriate
power of 10 to line up the repeating part (1000 in this case),
1000x = 1251.37 · · · 137 · · · . Subtrace the two equations and solve
for x. Make sure you multiply by the appropriate number to RE-
MOVE the decimal in the numerator. Solution is x = 125012/99900
and x = 3511139/99900.

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