Republic of the Philippines

DON HONORIO VENTURA STATE UNIVERSITY

Villa de Bacolor, Pampanga

Mechanics of Deformable Bodies

A. Course Code / Title : SM 225 / Mechanics of Deformable Bodies

B. Module Number : Module 2 - Normal Stress
C. Time Frame :
D. Description:
This module looks into a type of simple stress, the normal stress.
E. Objectives:
At the end of this module, the learner should be able to :
1. Establish a better understanding of the concept of normal stress.
2. Solve problems relating to normal stress.
F. Contents:
 Simple Stress
Normal Stress
Stress is defined as the strength of a material per unit area. It is the force on a member
divided by the area which carries the force. The maximum stress in tension or
compression occurs over a section normal to the load.

P P P P

Bar in Tension Bar in Compression

𝑃
𝜎=
𝐴

Where:
σ = stress or force per unit area, N/m2, N/mm2, lb/ft2
P = force applied, N, lb
A = cross – sectional area, m2, mm2, ft2

Sample problems:
1. An aluminium tube is rigidly fastened between a bronze and steel rod as shown. Axial
loads are applied at the positions indicated. Determine the stress in each material.

Aluminium
A = 1000mm2 Iron
Bronze
A = 800mm2
A = 700mm2 10 KN
20 KN 15 KN 15 KN

500 mm 600 mm 700 mm

Given: see figure
Required:
PB PA PS
B  A  S 
AB AA AS

Solution:
a. Pass a cutting plane on Bronze and analyze either left segment or right segment.

Aluminium
Iron
Bronze A = 1000mm2
A = 800mm2
A = 700mm2 10 KN
20 KN 15 KN 15 KN

500 mm 600 mm 700 mm

LEFT SEGMENT RGHT SEGMENT

PB
20 KN PB 15 KN 15 KN 10 KN

Consider LEFT SEGMENT:

PB
B 
AB
FH  0  
20,000N
20  PB  0 B 
700mm 2
PB  20kN C 
 B  28.57 N / mm 2 MPa C

b. Pass a cutting plane on Aluminum and analyze either left segment or right segment

20 KN 15 KN 15 KN 10 KN

LEFT SEGMENT

20 KN 15 KN PA
 Consider LEFT SEGMENT:
PA
A 
AA
FH  0  
5000N
20  15  PA  0 A 
1000mm 2
PA  5kN C 
 A  5MPa C 

c. Pass a cutting plane in Steel and analyze either left segment or right segment

20 KN 15 KN 15 KN 10 KN

RIGHT SEGMENT

PS
10 KN

PS
S 
AS
FH  0  
10000N
10  PS  0 S 
800mm 2
PS  10kN T 
 S  12.5MPa T 

2. Determine the outside diameter of a hollow steel tube that will carry a tensile load of
500KN at a stress of 140 MN/m2. Assume the wall thickness to be one – tenth of the
outside diameter.

1
/10 D

8
/10 D = 4/5 D

1
/10 D

Given:
P = 500 kN = 500000 N
σ = 140 MN/m2
Required:
Let: D = outside diameter of hollow steel tube
 Solution:

  4 
2
P A D  2
 4  5
D
A 4 
N 500000N 16 
140x106  3.571x103   D2  D2 
m2 A 4 25 
3 2
A  3.571x10 m D  0.1124m  112.4mm

3. For the truss shown, calculate the stresses in members DF, CE and BD. The cross –
sectional area of each member is 1200mm2. Indicate if it is tension or compression.

4m
3m

A F
4m C 3m E 3m

100 KN 200 KN

Required:
σDF σCE σBD

Solution:
a. Solve for the reactions at A and F.

B
D

4m
3m

A F
4m C 3m E 3m

RA 100 KN 200 KN R
F

M F  0  M A  0 
RA 10  1006  2003  0  RF 10  1004  2007   0
RA  120kN RF  180kN

b. Solve for the applied force in member DF by method of joint.

At joint F:
PDF
PDF  DF 
Fy  0   ADF
1 1 254558N
1 180  PDF  0  DF 
2 1200mm 2
PFE PDF  254.558kN C   DF  212.13MPa C 

RF = 180 kN
c. Solve for the applied force in member CE and BD by method of section.
Pass a cutting plane on members BD, CD and CE.

B
D

4m
3m

A F
4m C 3m E 3m

RA 100 KN 200 KN R
F

Analyze either left part or right part.

Consider left part:

1 PBD D
3

4m PCD
3m
1
1
A
PCE
C
4m 3m

100 KN
RA = 120 kN

M C  0 
M D  0 
1207   1003  PCE 3  0 1204  PBD 4  0
3
10
PCE  180kN T 
PBD  126.491kN C 

PCE PBD
 CE   BD 
ACE ABD
180000N 126491N
 CE   BD 
1200mm 2 1200mm 2
 CE  150MPa T   BD  105.41MPa C 
 4. Determine the weight of the heaviest cylinder which can be placed in the position shown
without exceeding a stress of 50 MN/m2 in the cable BC. Neglect the weight of the bar
AB. The cross – sectional area of cable BC is 100mm2.

6m
B
C

6m

4m
A

G. References:
1. Strength of Materials 3rd Ed. by Ferdinand Singer and Andrew Pytel
2. Mechanics of Deformable Bodies 10th Ed. R.C. Hibbeler
3. Mechanics of Materials 7th Ed. Beer, Johnston, Mazurek, and De Wolf