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Condition For Laser Action

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140 views2 pages

Condition For Laser Action

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Ankush
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© © All Rights Reserved
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CONDITION FOR LASER ACTION >opulation Inversion and the Metastable States : Population inversion is the state of a system at-which the population of @ particular higher energy state is more than that of a specifies lower energy state. Because of the condition stipulated in the Boltzmann factor, in a real physical system, the population inversion conditions don’t exist under normal conditions. However, it is possible to achieve the population inversion condition in certain iesiems which possess a special kind of excited energy states clled metastable states. A metastable state differs from any ordinary excited state in the following manner. - : A of B: providing energy, if an atom is made to go to one iss cmaed sates, it stays there over a bricf interval of time not exceeding 307 second, and then returns to one of tee lows i i i sa coerey statesdIn case the state to which the atom Is exc ; eusizble state, then the atom stay’ in that state for ot long time, which is of the order of 107° to 107 — This property helps in achieving the population inversio fr ollowing way. ‘Scanned with CamScanner 290 Mes ER Population Inversion : Consider three energy levels £, , Ey and £, of a quantum system which are such that £, > Ey > E,. Let E, be a metastable state. Let the atoms be excited from E, to £, state (Fig. 11) by the supply of appropriate energy from an external source. From the E, state, the atoms undergo spontaneous downward transitions to E, and E, states rapidly. In spite of new arrival of atoms, E, the population of £, level cannot Pos increase because of ongoing excitation ‘ — of atoms to higher energy level. 1 : But, since E, is a metastable t state, those atoms which get into that E, : state stay over a very long duration, POPULATION INVERSION because of which the population of Fig. 12 E,, state increases steadily. Under these conditions a stage will be reached wherein the population of Z, state overtakes that of Ep which is known as population inversion. If the above conditions are arranged in a laser cavity; then once the population of E, exceeds that of £,: the stiinulated emissions outnumber the spontaneous emissions Soon, stimulated photons all identical in respect of phase wavelength and direction, grow to a very large number which build up the laser light. Hence the condition for laser action is achieved by means of population inversion. ya CARRAA NDINYINE 1 40°7TR ‘Scanned with CamScannee

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