Namal University Mianwali

Department of Electrical Engineering

EE 455-L: Inter of Things Lab

Lab -1

Introduction to Inter of Things(IoT)

Student’s Name

Roll No.
Date Performed

Marks Obtained
Instructor’s signature

Course Instructor: Dr. Tassadaq Hussain

Lab Engineer: Engr. Saiqa Dilawaiz

1|Page
 Document History
Rev. Date Comment Author
1.0 10/3/2023 Initial draft Engr. Saiqa Dilawaiz

Instructions

o Read the manual carefully before start of any tasks / experiments.

o Carefully handle all equipment available in the lab.
o Carefully write your particulars at first page on the manual.
o In case of simulation at PC, try to avoid opening of unnecessary tabs.
o Submit PDF report of each lab at Q-OBE, attach all findings in report properly.
o Write precise conclusion of every lab.
o Submission time is end of respective lab session for each manual, late submission of
manual is not acceptable.
o Fill manual individually even in case of group work.
o Plagiarism will be dealt with strict consequences.

2|Page
Objectives

By the end of this lab, student will be able to learn about

• The basic concepts of IoT.

• Familiarization with Arduino & perform necessary software installation.

• Interface LED/Buzzer with Arduino & perform basic tasks.

Introduction

In this lab, we will discuss basic concepts of IoT:

What is Internet of Things?
The Internet of Things (IoT) describes the network of physical objects—“things”—that are
embedded with sensors, software, and other technologies for the purpose of connecting and
exchanging data with other devices and systems over the internet. These devices range from
ordinary household objects to sophisticated industrial tools. With more than 7 billion connected
IoT devices today, experts are expecting this number to grow to 10 billion by 2020 and 22
billion by 2025. Oracle has a network of device partners.
Why is Internet of Things (IoT) so important?
Over the past few years, IoT has become one of the most important technologies of the 21st
century. Now that we can connect everyday objects—kitchen appliances, cars, thermostats,
baby monitors—to the internet via embedded devices, seamless communication is possible
between people, processes, and things.
By means of low-cost computing, the cloud, big data, analytics, and mobile technologies,
physical things can share and collect data with minimal human intervention. In this
hyperconnected world, digital systems can record, monitor, and adjust each interaction between
connected things. The physical world meets the digital world—and they cooperate.
What technologies have made IoT possible?
While the idea of IoT has been in existence for a long time, a collection of recent advances in
a number of different technologies has made it practical.
1. Access to low-cost, low-power sensor technology. Affordable and reliable sensors are
making IoT technology possible for more manufacturers.
2. Connectivity. A host of network protocols for the internet has made it easy to connect
sensors to the cloud and to other “things” for efficient data transfer.
3|Page
 3. Cloud computing platforms. The increase in the availability of cloud platforms
enables both businesses and consumers to access the infrastructure they need to scale
up without actually having to manage it all.
4. Machine learning and analytics. With advances in machine learning and analytics,
along with access to varied and vast amounts of data stored in the cloud, businesses can
gather insights faster and more easily. The emergence of these allied technologies
continues to push the boundaries of IoT and the data produced by IoT also feeds these
technologies.
5. Conversational artificial intelligence (AI). Advances in neural networks have
brought natural-language processing (NLP) to IoT devices (such as digital personal
assistants Alexa, Cortana, and Siri) and made them appealing, affordable, and viable
for home use.
What is industrial IoT?
Industrial IoT (IIoT) refers to the application of IoT technology in industrial settings, especially with
respect to instrumentation and control of sensors and devices that engage cloud technologies. Refer to
this Titan use case PDF for a good example of IIoT. Recently, industries have used machine-to-machine
communication (M2M) to achieve wireless automation and control. But with the emergence of cloud
and allied technologies (such as analytics and machine learning), industries can achieve a new
automation layer and with it create new revenue and business models. IIoT is sometimes called the
fourth wave of the industrial revolution, or Industry 4.0. The following are some common uses for IIoT:
• Smart manufacturing
• Connected assets and preventive and predictive maintenance

• Smart power grids

• Smart cities

• Connected logistics
• Smart digital supply chains

What are IoT applications?

➢ Business-ready, SaaS IoT Applications
IoT Intelligent Applications are prebuilt software-as-a-service (SaaS) applications that can
analyze and present captured IoT sensor data to business users via dashboards. We have a full
set of IoT Intelligent Applications.

4|Page
IoT applications use machine learning algorithms to analyze massive amounts of connected
sensor data in the cloud. Using real-time IoT dashboards and alerts, you gain visibility into key
performance indicators, statistics for mean time between failures, and other information.
Machine learning–based algorithms can identify equipment anomalies and send alerts to users
and even trigger automated fixes or proactive counter measures.

With cloud-based IoT applications, business users can quickly enhance existing processes for
supply chains, customer service, human resources, and financial services. There’s no need to
recreate entire business processes.

What industries can benefit from IoT?

Organizations best suited for IoT are those that would benefit from using sensor devices in their
business processes.
Manufacturing
Manufacturers can gain a competitive advantage by using production-line monitoring to enable
proactive maintenance on equipment when sensors detect an impending failure. Sensors can
actually measure when production output is compromised. With the help of sensor alerts,
manufacturers can quickly check equipment for accuracy or remove it from production until it
is repaired. This allows companies to reduce operating costs, get better uptime, and improve
asset performance management.
Automotive
The automotive industry stands to realize significant advantages from the use of IoT
applications. In addition to the benefits of applying IoT to production lines, sensors can detect
impending equipment failure in vehicles already on the road and can alert the driver with details
and recommendations. Thanks to aggregated information gathered by IoT-based applications,
automotive manufacturers and suppliers can learn more about how to keep cars running and
car owners informed.
Transportation and Logistics
Transportation and logistical systems benefit from a variety of IoT applications. Fleets of cars,
trucks, ships, and trains that carry inventory can be rerouted based on weather conditions,
vehicle availability, or driver availability, thanks to IoT sensor data. The inventory itself could
also be equipped with sensors for track-and-trace and temperature-control monitoring. The
food and beverage, flower, and pharmaceutical industries often carry temperature-sensitive
inventory that would benefit greatly from IoT monitoring applications that send alerts when

5|Page
temperatures rise or fall to a level that threatens the product.
Retail
IoT applications allow retail companies to manage inventory, improve customer experience,
optimize supply chain, and reduce operational costs. For example, smart shelves fitted with
weight sensors can collect RFID-based information and send the data to the IoT platform to
automatically monitor inventory and trigger alerts if items are running low. Beacons can push
targeted offers and promotions to customers to provide an engaging experience.
Public Sector
The benefits of IoT in the public sector and other service-related environments are similarly
wide-ranging. For example, government-owned utilities can use IoT-based applications to
notify their users of mass outages and even of smaller interruptions of water, power, or sewer
services. IoT applications can collect data concerning the scope of an outage and deploy
resources to help utilities recover from outages with greater speed.
Healthcare
IoT asset monitoring provides multiple benefits to the healthcare industry. Doctors, nurses, and
orderlies often need to know the exact location of patient-assistance assets such as wheelchairs.
When a hospital’s wheelchairs are equipped with IoT sensors, they can be tracked from the IoT
asset-monitoring application so that anyone looking for one can quickly find the nearest
available wheelchair. Many hospital assets can be tracked this way to ensure proper usage as
well as financial accounting for the physical assets in each department.
General Safety Across All Industries
In addition to tracking physical assets, IoT can be used to improve worker safety. Employees
in hazardous environments such as mines, oil and gas fields, and chemical and power plants,
for example, need to know about the occurrence of a hazardous event that might affect them.
When they are connected to IoT sensor–based applications, they can be notified of accidents
or rescued from them as swiftly as possible. IoT applications are also used for wearables that
can monitor human health and environmental conditions. Not only do these types of
applications help people better understand their own health, they also permit physicians to
monitor patients remotely.

6|Page
Introduction to Arduino
Arduino is an open-source hardware and software company, project, and user community that
designs and manufactures single-board microcontrollers and microcontroller kits for building
digital devices, a low-cost microcontroller board.
Task 01: Download &Install Arduino IDE at your Laptop/PC from the following link.
https://support.arduino.cc/hc/en-us/articles/360019833020-Download-and-install-Arduino-
IDE

Task 02: Activate Buzzer and LED using LDR by interfacing with Arduino
Perform this task with the help of following instructions, attach findings.
Apparatus
• PC/Laptop to install Arduino IDE
• Arduino Uno
• Buzzer
• LED
• LDR (photoresistor)
• 220 and 10k ohm resistor
• Wires
• Breadboard
Connections
• Buzzer attach to board (the buzzer long leg (+) and short leg (-))
• LED attach to board (the LED long leg (+) and short leg (-))
• 220 resistor attach to board from LED long leg (+)

• LDR attach to board

• 10k resistor attach to board from LDR one leg
• The wire connects to ground, then the same wire attaches to board.

• The wire connect to buzzer short leg, then the same wire attach to GND on the board.
• The wire attach to LED short leg, then the same wire connect to GND on the board.
• The wire connect to 10k resistor empty leg, then same wire connect to GND on board.
• The wire connect to +5V, then the same wire attach to LDR empty leg.

• The wire connect to digital 12, then attach to buzzer long leg.
• The wire connect to digital 13, then attach to 220 resistor empty leg.
• The wire connect to A0, then attach to LDR's - resistor's same column.

7|Page
Task 03: Interface LED/Buzzer with Arduino & write program to turn ON LED for 1
sec after every 2 sec.
Task 04: Write a one-page summary about IoT.

References

https://www.oracle.com/pk/internet-of-things/what-is-iot/

Appendix

8|Page