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CALENG2 Quiz 3

Coverage: Areas by Integration, Volume of

Revolution, Work, Hydrostatic Pressure

I. Areas by Integration
Representative element is a unit strip use to divide
the region into smaller regions. Case 1: region bounded by the given function,
vertical lines, and the x –axis

If is a continuous and non-negative

function of on the closed interval ,

then the area of the region bounded by the
graph of , the x-axis and the vertical
lines and is given by:

The representative element can be expressed, based

on the graph as:

Area under a Curve

When calculating the area under the curve
Net Area

1. Sketch the area.

represents the net area between f (x) 2. Determine the boundaries a and b
and the x-axis with area above x-axis positive and 3. Set up the definite integral
area below x-axis negative. 4. Integrate.
Example:

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CALENG2 Quiz 3
Find the area bounded by the following

curves
1. Sketch the area.

The area bounded by the curves

is equal to

square units

Case 2: region bounded by the given function,

horizontal lines, and the y –axis.
2. Determine the boundaries a and b
There are certain problems that is easier to
solve if the function is in terms of y and
calculate using horizontal elements.

Note: From the graph we see that x = 2 is our Note:

boundary at a. The value x = -2 is a solution
to the equation above but it is not bounding
the area.

The other boundary value is given by

the equation of the vertical line x=4
Boundaries: a = 2 and b = 4

3. Set up the definite integral

When calculating the area under a curve, or

4. Integrate. in this case to the left of the curve ,
follow the steps below:
1. Sketch the area.
2. Determine the boundaries c and d,
3. Set up the definite integral
4. Integrate.

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CALENG2 Quiz 3
4. Integrate.

Example:
Find the first quadrant area bounded by the
following curves

1. Sketch the area.

So the first quadrant area bounded by

the following curves

is square units

2. Determine the boundaries c and d Area between Curves

It is easier to integrate the The general formulas for the two main cases for each
than so it is better to are:
rewrite the given in terms of y
Case 1:

The function implies

So

The lower boundary c=0 is easily

obtained from the graph or by solving
the equation . The
upper boundary is given by the

equation of the line .

3. Set up the definite integral

Example:

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CALENG2 Quiz 3
Determine the area of the region enclosed by

Example:
Determine the area of the region enclosed by

and the y-axis

The graph shows that there is an intersection point

where in the interval.

Case 2:

II. Volume of Revolution

Circular Disk
 For a plane to form a circular disk, the
element must be:
- perpendicular to the axis of
rotation/revolution

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CALENG2 Quiz 3
- the axis of rotation is a boundary of
the area being rotated

 Formula:
- Which was derived from the Therefore, the points of intersection are: (0, 0), (0,
formula of the volume of the 6).
slightly thick disk created by one Using H.E. (disk),
infinitesimal strip
after both sides have been integrated
Sample Problems
1. Find the volume generated by revolving the
area bounded by and the y-
axis about the y-axis using horizontal
elements.

2. Find the volume generated by revolving the

Points
area bounded by the functions ,
of
, and about using
horizontal elements.
Finding the points of intersection,
intersection:

Substituting into , Substituting into ,

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CALENG2 Quiz 3

Point of intersection: (0.2, 5)

Substituting into ,
Circular Ring / Washer
 For a plane to form a circular ring or a
Point of intersection: (5, 0.2) washer, meaning that after rotation a donut
shape is formed, the element must be:
Using H.E. (disk), - perpendicular to the axis of
rotation/revolution
- the axis of rotation is a boundary of
the area being rotated

 Formula:
- Which was derived from the
formula of the volume of a ring
created by one infinitesimal strip
after both sides have been
integrated.

Sample Problems
1. Find the volume generated by revolving the
area in the first quadrant bounded by

, the y-axis, and about

using vertical elements.
Points of intersection:

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CALENG2 Quiz 3

Substituting into ,

2. Find the volume generated by revolving the

area bounded by and

Therefore, the points of intersection between the

curve and the line are: (2, 6), (-2, 6).
However, since we are only concerned with the first
quadrant, only the point of intersection (2, 6) is
relevant in this problem.

Using V.E. (washer),

about the y-axis using

horizontal elements.
Points of intersection:
Equating the two equations together,

x = 1, 2

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CALENG2 Quiz 3

Using ,

At x = 1,

At x = 2,
Therefore, the points of intersection between the two
curves are: (1, 3), (2, 4).


As can be seen above, because both are parabolas
extending upwards or downwards, there are two
values of x for every value of y. In order to
determine whether the operation should be a plus or
a minus sign when formulating the integral to be
solved, sketch the figures and determine whether the
left or the right side of each parabola is the inner and
outer radius.
Based on the graph above, the rightmost value of the
Cylindrical Shell
horizontal element is the value of ,
 For a plane to form a cylindrical shell, the
particularly the right side of the parabola. Thus, the
element must be:
operation in the equation will be a plus sign.
- parallel to the axis of
Meanwhile, the rightmost value of the horizontal
rotation/revolution
element is the value of , particularly - the axis of rotation is a boundary of
the left side of the parabola. Thus, the operation in the area being rotated
the equation will be a minus sign.

 Formula:
Using H.E. (washer), - Which was derived from the
formula of the volume of the solid
cylinder created by one infinitesimal
strip after both sides
have been integrated.

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CALENG2 Quiz 3

Sample Problems
1. Find the volume generated by revolving the
area in the first quadrant bounded by
, the y-axis, and about
using horizontal elements.

Using integration by parts, let

Points of intersection:
,
Substituting into ,

Therefore, the points of intersection between the

curve and the line are: (2, 7), (-2, 7).
However, since we are only concerned with the first
quadrant, only the point of intersection (2, 7) is
relevant in this problem.
Using H.E (cylindrical shell),

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CALENG2 Quiz 3

2. Find the volume generated by revolving the

area bounded by and the y-
axis about the y-axis using vertical elements.
Points of intersection:

Substituting into ,

Therefore, the points of intersection are: (0, 0), (0,

6).

Another important coordinate to know is the vertex

of the parabola.

From the equation, the vertex is: (3, 9)

Using V.E. (Cylindrical shell),

Using integration by parts,

Let ,

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CALENG2 Quiz 3

Natural
Distance
Elongation
0 (x)
Let dW represents the changing work done in the
spring during stretching in varying amounts of dx.
The natural distance or length would be the starting
point represented as zero.
F

dx
0
III. Work
Recall:
Work is the transfer of energy when the object
moves at a certain distance parallel to the external
force that acted upon it. Work is denoted by the
formula

Example 1:
A spring with natural length of spring of 5 cm is
d stretch at 10 cm with force of 15-N. Find the Work
if the spring is stretch at 17 cm.
A. Springs
According to Hooke’s Law, in an elastic limit, the
force needed to stretch or compress the spring
beyond its natural distance (elongation) is
proportional to that elongated distance, represented
by the equation, , where k is the spring 15-N
constant.

5 cm 15 cm- 5cm

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CALENG2 Quiz 3
10 cm- 5cm W?
0
8cm
0 13cm-8cm 18cm-8cm

B. Pumping out of Liquids

Example 2:
Recall:
An 80-N Force is applied to stretch the spring from
its natural length of 8 cm to 16 cm. How much work In problems dealing with traversing the height, the
is needed to stretch the spring from 13 cm to 18 cm. force is represented as weight with equation

, where g is the acceleration due to

80-N gravity.
Hence,
8cm
0 16cm-8cm
W? From the property of liquids, the density is

represented by equation,

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CALENG2 Quiz 3
Hence,

(0,0)
The density and gravity can be represented as a
The Volume of the cross-sectional area
constant density-gravity (w). Hence,
cylinder is . The distance or height that
the water needs to traverse to be pumped out is
Example 1: 10m-y.

Dimensions of cone with water inside is given Hence,

below. Find the work needed to pump out all the
liquid inside it.

Use algebra to equate x into y.

4m

(4, 10)
2m

10 m

(0,0)

Analyze:
As the water is being pumped out, the height of
the water is changing represented by the
cylinder cross-sectional area. Put reference
frame at the bottom of the cone and the center of
the cone

4m Hence,

10m-y 2m

x
dy 10 m
y

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CALENG2 Quiz 3
Larson, R., & Edwards, B. H. (2017). Calculus (11th
ed.). Cengage Learning.

Reviewer is made by:

Rocelle Andrea S. Belandres BS ECE2 - 120
Eunice W. Chieng BSMS ECE - 119
Shaquille Michael V. Dimacali BS ME - 119

References:
Cuaresma, G. A., Cuaresma, M. C. N., Jose, E. C.,
Natalio, E. S., & Loyola, J. O. (2013). A
Worktext in Analytic Geometry and Calculus
1. (J. O. Loyola, Ed.) (2nd ed.). C & E
Publishing, Inc.

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