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Percentile Classes
Trigonometry
TRIGONOMATRICAL IDENTITIES
FORMULA

Pascal Triangle – In (x + a)n when expanded the various coefficients which occur are
n
C0, nC1, nC2,
The Pascal triangle gives the values of these coefficients for n = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ...........

n=0 1
n=1 1 1
n=2 1 2 1
n=3 1 3 3 1
n=4 1 4 6 4 1
n=5 1 5 10 10 5 1

SOME ALGEBRIC FORMULA

* (a +b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2
* (a – b)2 = a2 – 2ab + b2
* a2 – b2 = (a + b)(a – b) ,
a4 – b4 = (a2 – b2 )( a2 + b2) = (a + b)(a – b)(a2 + b2)
* (a + b)3 = a3 + 3a2b +3ab2 + b3
* (a – b)3 = a3 – 3a2b + 3ab2 – b3
* a3 + b3 = (a + b)3 – 3ab (a + b) = (a + b) (a2– ab + b2)
* a3 – b3 = (a – b)3 +3ab (a – b) = (a – b) (a2+ ab + b2)
* (a  b)4 = a4  4 a3. b 1 + 6 a2b2  4 a1 b3 + b4
* (a  b)5 = a5  5 a4. b 1 +10 a3b2  10a2 b3 +5ab4  b5
* (a +b + c)2 = a2 + b2 + c2 +2 ab + 2 bc +2 ca
1
* a2 + b2 + c2 – ab – bc – ca = [(a – b)2 +(b – c) 2 +(c – a)2]
2
If a2 + b2 + c2 – ab – bc – ca = 0
1
 [(a – b)2 +(b – c) 2 +(c – a)2] = 0
2
 a=b=c
* a +b3 + c3–3abc= ( a + b + c)( a2 +b2 + c2– ab –bc– ca)
3

If a +b + c = 0  a3 +b3 + c3 = 3abc
If a3 +b3 + c3–3abc = 0 then * a+b+c=0
2 2 2
* a + b + c – ab – bc – ca = 0
* [(a – b)2 +(b – c) 2 +(c – a)2] = 0
* a=b=c
* Method of componendo & Dividendo
p q p−q a −b
If = then = by componendo & Dividendo
q b p+q a +b

* SOME BASIC FORMULLAE

1. sin2A + cos2A = 1
2. 1 + tan2A = sec2A or sec2A – tan2A = 1
1 
or sec A + tan A = , if A  n  + nZ
sec A − tan A 2
3. 1 +cot 2A = cosec Aorcosec A – cot 2A= 1
2 2
1
or cosec A + cot A = , if A  n , n  Z
cos ecA − cot A

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Some Trigo. Results

sin4x + cos4x = 1 – 2sin2x.cos2x
sin6x + cos6x = 1 – 3sin2x.cos2x,
cos4x – sin4x = cos2x,
cos8x – sin8x = cos2x (1 – 2sin2xcos2x)

* DOMAIN RANGE OF TRIGONOMETRICAL FUNCTIONS

Domain Range
sin A R [ –1, 1]
cosA R [ –1, 1]
tan A R – {(2n +1)  /2  n Z} (– , )
cossec A R –{(n  n  Z} (– , –1]  [1 , )
sec A R – {(2n +1)  /2  n Z} (– , –1]  [1, )
cot A R –{n  n  Z} (– , ) = R
Thus ,  sin A   1,  cosA   1,
sec A  1 or sec A  –1 and cosec A  1 or cosec A  –1.
 x if x  0
*Note x = x2 =  x
− x if x  0

Example 1:
2sec2 – sec4 – 2cosec2 + cosec4 = 15/4 if tan  is equal to
(a) 1/ 2 (b) 1/2 (c) 1/2 2 (d) 1/4
Solution:
LHS = 2(1 + tan2 – 1 – cot2) – [(1 + tan2)2–(1 + cot22)]
= cot4 – tan4 = 15/4
 tan4 = 1/4  tan  =  1/ 2
So the correct option is (a).
Example 2:
2 sin  cos 
If = x, then =
1 + cos  + sin  1 + sin 
(a) 1/x (b) x (c) 1 + x (d) 1 – x
Solution:
cos 
= 1 – 1 + sin  − cos 
1 + sin  1 + sin 
1 − cos  + sin  1 − cos  + sin  1 + cos  + sin 
Now, = .
1 + sin  1 + sin  1 + cos  + sin 
(1 + sin ) 2 − cos 2  (1 + sin ) 2 − (1 + sin )(1 − sin )
= =
(1 + sin )1 + sin  + cos ) (1 + sin )1 + sin  + cos )
2 sin 
= =x
1 + cos  + sin 
So the correct option is (b).
Example 3:
sin x cos x tan x
If = = = k, then bc + 1 + ak is equal to
a b c ck 1 + bk
(a) k  a + 1  (b)   a + 1  (c) 12 (d) a
 a k a k k
Solution:
2
= cos x.2tan x + 1
+
sin x
= sin2x + cos x(1 + cos x) + sin x
k tan x 1 + cos x k sin x(1 + cos x)

= a
+
1
= a 1
+ =   a + 1 
k sin x k ak k a
So the correct option is (b).
Example 4:
If sin  + cosec  = 2, then sinn  + cosecn  =
(a) 2n (b) 2–n (c) 2 (d) 2n

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Solution:
1
sin  + cosec  = 2  sin  + =2
sin 
 sin2 – 2sin  + 1 = 0  (sin  – 1)2 = 0
 sin  = 1  cosec  = 1
so that sinn + cosecn  = (1)n + (1)n = 2
So the correct option is (c).
Example 5:
tan 3  cot 3 
If sin 2 = k, then the value of + =
1 + tan 2  1 + cot 2 
1− k 2 2− k2
(a) (b) (c) k2 + 1 (d) 2 – k2
k 2
Solution:
tan 3  cot 3 
We have, +
1 + tan 2  1 + cot 2 
sin 3 . cos 2  cos3  sin 3  cos3  4
 + cos 4 
= + 2
.sin  = + = sin
cos3  sin 3  cos  sin  sin  cos 
k2
1− 2
2 = 2−k
2 2 2 2 2
(sin  + cos ) − 2 sin  cos   k
=
sin  cos 
= ,  sin  cos  = 2  .
k k  
2
So the correct option is (b).
Example 6:
sin A
If = 3 and cos A
=
5
,0 < A, B < /2, then tan A + tan B =
sin B 2 cos B 2
(a) 3 / 5 (b) 5 / 3
(c) 1 (d) ( 3 + 5) / 5
Solution:
From the given relation we have
tan A tan B
 = = k (say), (clearly k > 0)
3 5
Also 2sin A = 3 sin B
2 tan A 3 tan B 2 3k 3  5k
 =  =
1 + tan 2 A 1 + tan 2 B 1 + 3k 2 1 + 5k 2
 4(1 + 5k ) = 5(1 + 3k )
2 2
1 1
 k2 =  k=
5 5
3 3+ 5
So that tan A = , tan B = 1  tan A + tan B= .
5 5
So the correct option is (d).
Example 7:
(x2 + y 2 ) p
If x = a cos3 sin2, y = a sin3 cos2  and (p, q,  N) is independent of  then
( xy) q
(a) 4p = 5q (b) 4q = 5p (c) p + q = 9 (d) pq = 20
Solution:
(x2 + y 2 ) p [a sin 2  cos 2 ]2 p a 2 p (sin  cos ) 4 p
= =
( xy) q [a 2 sin 5  cos5 ]q a 2q (sin  cos ) 5q
Which is independent of  if 4p = 5q.
So the correct option is (a).
Example 8:
If sin , cos , tan  are in GP. then cos9 + cos6 + 3cos5 – 1 is equal to
(a) –1 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) none of these
Solution:
cos2 = sin  tan 

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 cos3 = sin2 = 1– cos2  cos3 + cos2 = 1

 cos9 + cos6 + 3 cos5  = 1
[Taking cube of both the sides]
So the correct option (c).
Example 9:
If sin , sin , sin  are in AP and cos , cos , cos  are in GP then
cos 2  + cos 2  − 4 cos  cos 
=
1 − sin  sin 
(a) –2 (b) –1 (c) 0 (d) 2
Solution:
2sin  = sin  + sin  ….(i)
cos  = cos  cos 
2
….(ii)
Squaring (i), 4sin2 = sin2 + sin2 + 2sin  sin 
Using (ii),
4(1 – cos  cos ) = 1– cos2 + cos2 + 2sin sin 
 cos2 + cos2 – 4 cos  cos  = 2(sin  sin  – 1)
cos 2  + cos 2  − 4 cos  cos 
 = –2
1 − sin  sin 
So the correct option is (a).
Example 10:
If sin x + sin2x = 1, then the value of
cos12x + 3 cos10x + 3 cos8x + cos6x – 1 is equal to
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) –1 (d) 2
Solution:
From sin x + sin2x = 1, we get sin x = cos2x …..(i)
cos6x(cos6x + 3 cos4x + 3 cos2x + 1) – 1
= cos6x(cos2x + 1)3 – 1 = sin3x(sin x + 1)3 – 1 [from (i)]
= (sin2x + sin x)3 – 1 = 1 – 1 = 0
So the correct option is (a).

Example 11:
cos(540 – ) – sin (6300 – ) is equal to
(a) 0 (b) 2cos  (c) 2 sin  (d) sin  – cos 
Solution:
cos(540 – ) = cos (6(/2) – ) = –cos 
sin (6300 – ) = sin (7(/2) – ) = –cos 
So the correct option is (a).

Example 12:
x2 − y2
If cosec  = where x, y are two unequal nonzero real numbers then prove that
x2 + y2
 has no real value
Solution:
Here x  y and they are real. So x2 + y2 > x2 – y2
 cosec < 1 if x > y and
cosec > –1 if x < y
 –1 < cosec < 1
which is not possible because we know that
cosec  1 or  – 1.
So, there is no real value of .

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Q1. If sin A, cos A and tan A are in G.P., then

cos3 A + cos2 A is equal to
(a)1
(b) 2
(c) 4
(d) none
Q2. If sec  + tan  = p, then tan  is equal to
2p
(a) 2
p −1
p2 − 1
(b)
2p
p2 + 1
(c)
2p
2p
(d) 2
p +1
Q3. If x = sec  – tan , y = cosec + cot, then
y +1
(a) x =
y −1
y −1
(b) x =
y +1
1− x
(c) y =
1+ x
(d) None of these
Q4. If Pn = cosn  + sin n , then 2. P6 – 3. P4 + 1 =
(a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 1
(d) 0

 
Q6. If sin = p ,  p   1 , then the quadratic equation whose roots are tan and cot is
2 2
(a) px2 + 2x +p = 0
(b) px2 – x +p = 0
(c) px2 – 2x +p = 0
(d) none of these

Q7. sin2 50 +sin2100 +sin2150 + ...+ sin2850 + sin2 900 =

(a) 7
(b) 8
(c) 9
(d) none

Q8. If 4n =  then cot . cot 2. cot3..cot (2n –1)  is equal to
(a) 1
(b) –1
(c) 
(d) none of these

Q9. If A lies in the second quadrant and 3 tan A + 4 = 0,

the value of 2 cot A – 5 cos A + sin A is equal to
−53
(a)
10
−7
(b)
10
7
(c)
10
23
(d)
10

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Q10.If ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral such that 12tanA –5= 0 and 5 cosB + 3 = 0
then the quadratic equation whose roots are cos C , tan D is
(a) 39x2 –16 x – 48 = 0
(b) 39x2 +88 x + 48 = 0
(c) 39x2 –88 x +48 = 0
(d) none of these

1 + sin 2 A + 1 − sin 2 A
Q11.If  tan A  < 1, and  A  is acute then is equal to
1 + sin 2 A − 1 − sin 2 A
(a) tan A
(b) – tan A
(c) cot A
(d) – cot A

Q12.The set of all possible values of  in [ –,] such

1 − sin 
that is equal to sec  – tan  is
1 + sin 
 
(a) 0, 
 2
    
(b) 0,    , 
 2  2 
(c)[–, 0]
  
(d)  − , 
 2 2

3 1 − cos  1 + cos 
Q13.If <  < , then + =
2 1 + cos  1 − cos 
2
(a)
sin 
2
(b) –
sin 
1
(c)
sin 
1
(d) –
sin 

3
Q14. If <  < , then cos ec 2  + 2 cot  is equal to
4
(a) 1+ cot 
(b) 1– cot 
(c) –1– cot 
(d) –1+ cot 

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3
Q15.Given that    , then the expression
2
1 1
( 4 sin 4  + sin 2 2 ) + 4cos2(  – ) is equal to
4 2
(a) 2
(b) 2 + 4sin 
(c) 2– 4 sin 
(d) None

Q16. The equation (a + b)2 = 4ab sin2 is possible only when

(a) 2a = b
(b) a = b
(c) a = 2b
(d) none

a
Q17.If sin  = x +  x  R – { 0 } then
x
1
(a) a 
4
1
(b) a 
2
1
(c) a 
4
1
(d) a 
2

Q18.The equation sin6 x + cos6 x = a2 has real solution if

(a) a  ( –1, 1)
 1
(b) a   − 1, − 
 2
 1 1
(c) a   − , 
 2 2
1 
(d) a   , 1
2 

Q19.The number of real solutions of the equation

sin (ex) = 2x+ 2–x is

(a) 1
(b) 0
(c) 2
(d) infinite

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Q20.The set of values of  R such that

tan2 + sec  =  holds for some  is
(a) (–, 1]
(b) (–, –1]
(c) 
(d) [–1, +)

2x 2x
Q21.For all real x, 4 sin + 4 cos 
(a) 2
(b) 4
(c) 3
(d) none

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* SUM, AND DIFFERENCE FORMULA

1. sin ( A + B ) = sin A cosB + cos A sin B
2. sin ( A – B ) = sin A cosB – cos A sin B
3. cos ( A + B ) = cos A cosB – sin A sin B
4. cos ( A – B ) = cos A cosB + sin A sin
tan A + tan B   
5. tan( A + B) =
1 − tan A tan B 
where, A  n + , B  n +
2 2

tan A − tan B  and A  B  m + 
6. tan( A − B) =
1 + tan A tan B  2

cot A cot B − 1 where A  n , B  n

7. cot( A + B) =
cot A + cot B 

cot A cot B + 1 
cot( A − B) = and A  B  n
cot B − cot A 
8. sin (A + B) sin(A – B) = sin A– sin B = cos B– cos2A
2 2 2

9. cos (A + B) cos(A – B) = cos2A– sin2B = cos2B– sin2A

T– RATIOS OF THE SUM OF THREE OR MORE ANGLES

1. sin (A +B + C )
= sinA cos B cos C + cosA sin B cos C + cos A cos B sinC – sinA sin B sin C
or sin (A +B + C ) = cosA cos B cos C (tanA + tan B + tan C– tan A tan B tan C )

2. cos (A +B + C )
= cosA cos B cos C – sinA sin B cos C – sin A cos B sinC – cosA sin B sin C
cos (A +B + C ) = cosA cos B cos C (1 – tan A tan B – tan B tan C – tan C tan A)

tan A + tan B + tan C − tan A tan B tan C S1 − S3

3. tan ( A +B + C ) = =
1 − tan A tan B − tan B tan C − tan C tan A 1 − S 2
* SUM AND DIFFERENCE INTO PRODUTCTS
 C + D  C − D
1. sin C + sin D = 2 sin   cos 
 2   2 

2. sin C – sin D = 2 cos C + D  sin  C − D 

 2   2 
 C + D  C − D
3. cos C+ cos D = 2 cos   cos 
 2   2 
 C + D  C − D
4. cos C –cos D = – 2 sin   sin 
 2   2 
sin( A + B) 
5. tan A + tan B = 
cos A cos B  , where A, B  n +
 2
sin( A − B) 
6. tan A − tan B = , n Z
cos A cos B 
sin( A + B) 
7. cot A + cot B =
sin A sin B  , where A, B  n , n  Z

sin( B − A) 
8. cot A − cot B =
sin A sin B 
 
9. cos A  sin A = 2 sin  A = 2 cos  A
4  4 
A A
10. 1  sin A = cos  sin
2 2
* PRODUCT INTO SUM OR DIFFERENCE
1. 2 sinA cos B = sin (A +B) + sin ( A– B)
2. 2 cosA sin B = sin (A +B) – sin ( A– B)
3. 2 cosA cos B = cos (A +B) + cos ( A– B)
4. 2 sin A sin B = cos (A – B) – cos ( A+ B)
1
5. sin  sin (600– ) sin ( 600 + ) = sin 3
4
1
6. cos  cos (600– ) cos ( 600 + ) = cos 3
4
7. tan  tan (600– ) tan ( 600 + ) = tan 3

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Example 1:
12
. Given that sin  = , 0 <  < , then
13
{5sin ( + ) –12 cos ( + )} cosec  is equal to:
(a) 13 if tan  > 0 (b) 13 if tan  < 0
(c) 119 + 120 cos  if tan  < 0 (d) 119 + 120 cot  if tan  < 0
Solution:
12 5
sin  =  cos  =  according as tan > or < 0
13 13
 5 sin ( + ) – 12cos ( + )
= 5[sin  cos  + cos  sin ] – 12[cos  cos  – sin  sin ]
= (5cos  + 12 sin )sin  + (5 sin  – 12cos )cos
 25 144   60 60 
=  +  sin +  −  cos  = 13sin
 13 13   13 13 
if tan  > 0, then
 25 144   60 60 
5sin( + ) – 12cos( + ) = − +  sin +  +  cos 
 13 13   13 13 
119 120
= sin + cos 
13 13
Hence,
5 sin ( + ) – 12cos( + )cosec  = 13 if tan  > 0
So the correct option (a).

Example 2:
tan1550 − tan1150
If tan 250 = x, then =
1 + tan1550 tan1150
1− x2 1+ x2 1+ x2 1− x2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2x 2x 1− x2 1+ x2
Solution:
tan1550 − tan1150 tan(1800 − 250 ) − tan(900 + 250 )
=
1 + tan1550 tan1150 1 + tan(1800 − 250 ) tan(900 + 250 )
− tan 250 + cot 250 1 1  1− x2
= = − x +  =
1 + tan 250 cot 250 2 x 2x
So the correct option is (a).

Example 3:
The value of the determinant
sin 2 130 sin 2 77 0 tan 1350
sin 2 77 0 sin1350 sin 2 130 is equal to
0 2 0 2 0
tan 135 sin 13 sin 77

(a) –1 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) 2

Solution:
The given determinant is equal to
sin 2 130 cos 2 130 1 0 cos 2 130 1
2 0 2 0
cos 13 −1 sin 13 = 0 −1 2
sin 130 =0
2 0 2 0 2 0 2 0
−1 sin 13 cos 13 0 sin 13 cos 13

(Applying C1 → C1 + C2 + C3)
So the correct option is (b).

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Example 4:
tan 2030 + tan 220 + tan 2030 tan 220 =
(a) –1 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) 2
Solution:
tan 2030 + tan 220
tan (2030 + 220) =
1 − tan 2030 tan 220
tan 2030 + tan 220
 1 = tan (1800 + 45 ) = 0
1 − tan 2030 tan 220
 tan 2030 + tan 220 + tan 203 tan 22 =1 0 0

So the correct option is (c).

Example 5:
If sin (y + z – x), sin (z + x – y) and sin (x + y – z) are in AP (with x, y, z  /2),
then tan x, tan y and tan z are in
(a) AP (b) GP (c) HP (d) none of these
Solution:
sin (z + x – y) – sin (y + z – x)= sin (x + y – z) – sin (z + x – y)
 2cos z sin (x – y) = 2cos x sin (y – z)
sin x cos y − cos x sin y sin y cos z − cos y sin z
 =
cos x cos y cos y cos z
 tan x – tan y = tan y – tan z,
tan x, tan y and tan z are in AP.
So the correct option is (a).

Example 6:
If x = cos  + cos  – cos ( + ) and
y = 4sin  sin  cos   +   , then (x – y) is equal to
2 2  2 
(a) 1 (b) –1 (c) 2 (d) 10
Solution:
x = 2cos  +  cos  −  – 2cos2  +  + 1
2 2 2
= 2cos  +  cos  −  − cos  +   + 1
2  2 2 

= 2cos  +   2 sin  sin   + 1 = y + 1

2  2 2
 x–y=1
So the correct option is (a).

Example 7:
The expression cos 6 x + 6 cos 4 x + 15 cos 2 x + 10 is equal to
cos 5 x + 5 cos 3x + 10 cos x
(a) cos 2x (b) 2cos x
(c) cos2x (d) 1 + cos x
Solution:
(cos 6 x + cos 4 x) + 5(cos 4 x + cos 2 x) + 10(cos 2 x + 1)
=
cos 5 x + 5 cos 3x + 10 cos x
2 cos 5 x cos x + 5.2 cos 3x cos x + 10.2 cos 2 x
=
cos 5 x + 5 cos 3x + 10 cos x
2 cos x(cos 5 x + 5 cos 3x + 10 cos x)
= = 2cos x
cos 5 x + 5 cos 3x + 10 cos x
So the correct option is (b).

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Example 8:
The value of cos 2 +cos 4 +cos 6 +cos 7 is
7 7 7 7
(a) 1 (b) –1 (c) 1/2 (d) –3/2
Solution:
cos 2 +cos 4 +cos 6 +cos 7
7 7 7 7
  2  4  6 
2 sin cos + 2 sin cos + 2 sin cos  – 1
1
=
  7 7 7 7 7 7
2 sin
7
 3  5 3 7 5 
sin − sin + sin − sin + sin − sin  – 1
= 1
  7 7 7 7 7 7
2 sin
7
1  
=  − sin  – 1 =–1 – 1 =– 3
. So the correct option is (d).
 7 2 2
2 sin
7
Example 9:
If a tan ( – /6) = b tan ( + 2/3), then the value of cos2 is –
(a) 2(a – b)/(a + b) (b) 2(b – a)/(a + b)
(c)(a – b)/{2(a + b)} (d)(a + b)/{2(a – b)}
Solution:
tan( + 120 0 ) a
=
tan( − 30 ) 0 b
applying componendo and dividendo method,
tan( + 120 0 ) + tan( − 30 0 ) a+b
or, =
tan( + 120 ) − tan( − 30 )
0 0 a−b
sin( + 120 0 ) sin( − 30 0 )
+
or, sin[( + 120 0 ) + ( − 30 0 )]
cos( + 120 0 ) cos( − 30 0 ) a+b 0 0
a+b
or, = =
sin(  + 120 ) 0
sin( − 30 ) 0 a−b sin[( + 120 ) − ( − 30 )] a−b
−
cos( + 120 ) 0
cos( − 30 0 )
sin(90 0 + ) a+b 1 a +b
or, = or, cos2 =   Ans: (d)
tan 150 0 a−b 2 a −b

Example 10:
If un = sin n secn , vn = cos n secn,
vn − vn −1 un
n  1,   p n, p  I, then +1 = 0 for
u n −1 n vn
(a) all values of n (b) finite numbers of values of n
(c) infinite number of values of n (d) no values of n
Solution:
un
We have = tan n
vn
vn − vn −1 cos n secn  − cos(n − 1) secn −1 
=
u n −1 sin( n − 1) secn −1 
cos n sec  − cos(n − 1) cos n − cos(n − 1) cos 
=
sin( n − 1) cos  sin( n − 1)
cos(n − 1) cos  − sin( n − 1) sin  − cos(n − 1) cos 
=
cos  sin( n − 1)
= –tan 
v −v u tan n
So that n n −1 + 1 n = – tan  +  0
u n −1 n vn n
for any value of n unless  is an integral multiple of .

So the correct option is (d).

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Example 11:
Let n be a fixed positive integer such that
sin(/2n) + cos(/2n) = n /2, then
(a) n < 4 (b) n > 8 (c) n = 6 (d) none
Solution:
 
sin + cos = 2 sin   +  
  n
= 2 sin   +  

2n 2n 4 2n  2 4 2n 

So for n > 1, n
= sin   +   > sin =
1
thus n > 4
2 2  4 2n  4 2

Since sin   +   < 1 for all n > 2, we get n

< 1 or n < 8.
 4 2n  2 2
So that 4 < n < 8. Only n = 6 satisfies the given relation.
So the correct option is (c).

Example 12:
If tan  = n tan , then maximum value of tan2( – ) is
(n + 1) 2 (n − 1) 2 (2n + 1) 2 (2n − 1) 2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
4n 4n 4n 4n
Solution:
tan  = n tan 
tan  − tan  (n − 1) tan  n −1
tan( – ) = = =
1 + tan  tan  1 + n tan  cot  + n tan 
(n − 1) 2
Since, denominator =
cot 2  + n 2 tan 2  + 2n
Denominator = (n tan  – cot ) + 4n 2
1
 Denominator is minimum at tan2 =
n
(n − 1) 2 (n − 1) 2
So, maximum value of tan2( – ) = =
0 + 4n 4n
So, the correct option is (b).

Q22. The value of

   
cos y cos  − x – cos  − y cos x + sin y cos  − x + cos x sin  − y is zero if
2  2  2  2 
(a) x = 0
(b) y = 0
(c)x = y

(d) x = n– + y( n I)
4

Q23. tan 20 + tan 40 + 3 tan 20 tan 40 =

1
(a)
3
(b) 3
1
(c) –
3
(d) – 3

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cot A cot B
Q24. If A + B = 225, then . =
1 + cot A 1 + cot B
(a) 1
(b) – 1
(c) 0
1
(d)
2

4 5 
Q25. If cos ( + ) = , sin ( – ) = and ,  lie between 0 and , then tan 2 =
5 13 4
16
(a)
63
56
(b)
33
28
(c)
33
(d) none

Q26. If tan (A + B) = p, tan (A – B) = q, then the value of tan 2A in terms of p and q is

p+q
(a)
p−q
p−q
(b)
1 + pq
p+q
(c)
1 − pq
1 + pq
(d)
1− p

Q27. If angle  be divided into two parts such that the tangent of one part is k times the
tangent of the other and  is their difference, then sin  =
k +1
(a) sin 
k −1
k −1
(b) sin 
k +1
2k − 1
(c) sin 
2k + 1
(d) none

Q28. If sin  is the geometric mean between sin  and cos , then cos 2 is equal to

(a) 2 sin2  − 
4 

(b) 2 cos2  − 
4 

(c) 2 cos2  + 
4 

(d) 2 sin2  + 
4 

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3
Q29. If cos (A – B) = and tan A tan B = 2, then
5
1
(a) cos A cos B =
5
2
(b) sin A sin B = –
5
1
(c) cos (A + B) = –
5
4
(d) sin A cos B =
5

  P  Q
Q30.In a triangle PQR R = . If tan   and tan   are the roots of the equation
2  2  2
ax2+ bx + c = 0 (a  0), then
(a) a + b = c
(b) b + c = a
(c) a + c = b
(d) b = c

2 4
Q31. If x cos  = y cos   +  = z cos   +  , then the value of + + is equal to
1 1 1
 3   3  x y z
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 0
(d) 3 cos 

Q32.If cos (  – ) = a , cos ( – ) = b , then

sin2 ( –) + 2ab cos ( –  ) =
(a) a2 + b2
(b) a2 – b2
(c) b2 – a2
(d) – a2 – b2

cos12  − sin 12  sin 147 

Q33. + =
cos12 + sin 12
 
cos147 
(a) 1
(b) –1
(c) 0
(d) None

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sin A − sin C
Q34. If = cot B, then A, B, C are in
cos C − cos A
(a) A.P.
(b) G.P.
(c) H.P.
(d) None

Q35.If sin  + sin  = a and cos –cos  = b then

 −
tan is equal to
2
a
(a) –
b
b
(b) –
a
(c) a 2 + b 2
(d) none

sin( B + A) + cos( B − A)
Q36. =
sin( B − A) + cos( B + A)
cos B + sin B
(a)
cos B − sin B
cos A + sin A
(b)
cos A − sin A
cos A − sin A
(c)
cos A + sin A
(d) None of these

n n
 cos A + cos B   cos A + cos B 
Q37.   +  =
 sin A − sin B   cos A − cos B 
(if n even or odd )
A− B
(a) 2 tan n
2
n A− B
(b) 2 cot
2
(c) 0
(d) none

 A  A
Q38. sin2 ( + ) – sin2( – ) is
8 2 8 2
(a) 2 sin A
A
(b) 2 sin
2
1
(c) sinA
2
(d) 1

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 2   4  
Q39. f (  ) = sin2 + sin2   +  + sin2   +  then f  is equal to
 3   3   15 
2
(a)
3
3
(b)
2
1
(c)
3
(d) none of these

(3 + cot 760 cot 160 )

Q40.The value of is
cot 760 + cot 160
(a) cot 440
(b) tan 440
(c) tan 20
(d) cot 460

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Exercise
Past Year Papers (IIMs IPMs)
1. The number of pairs (x, y) satisfying the equation
sinx + siny = sin(x + y) and |x| + |y| = 1 is (IPM Indore 2019)

2. Given that cos x + cos y = 1, the range of sin x - sin y is

(IPM Indore 2019)
(a) [-1, 1] (b) [-2, 2] (c) [0, √3] (d) [-√3, √3]

3. If sinθ+cosθ=m, then sin6 θ+cos6 θ equals

(IPM Indore 2019)
(a) (b) (c) (d)

4. The value of
(IPM Indore 2020)
(a) 1 (b) (c) (d)

5. The minimum value of (2Sin2x + 3Cos2x) is

(JIPMAT 2021)
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3

Exercise
Answers
1. 6 2. d 3. d 4. c 5. c

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