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General Physics: Newton Law of Motion

The document discusses Newton's laws of motion, frames of reference, forces, and energy. It covers Newton's three laws: an object at rest stays at rest unless acted on by a force, acceleration is directly proportional to force and inversely proportional to mass, and for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. It defines inertial and non-inertial frames of reference and discusses different types of forces including contact forces like friction and non-contact forces like gravity and magnetism. Finally, it summarizes concepts related to work, energy, and energy conservation.

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Jewel Valencia
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404 views4 pages

General Physics: Newton Law of Motion

The document discusses Newton's laws of motion, frames of reference, forces, and energy. It covers Newton's three laws: an object at rest stays at rest unless acted on by a force, acceleration is directly proportional to force and inversely proportional to mass, and for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. It defines inertial and non-inertial frames of reference and discusses different types of forces including contact forces like friction and non-contact forces like gravity and magnetism. Finally, it summarizes concepts related to work, energy, and energy conservation.

Uploaded by

Jewel Valencia
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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General Physics

Newton Law of Motion


1st Law of Motion

- also known as “Law of Inertia”

- “if an object is at rest. It will stay at rest, unless a net force acts on it.” & “if an object is in
motion. It will stay in motion, unless a net force acts on it.”

2nd Law of Motion

- also known as “Law of Acceleration”

- the acceleration of an object as produced by a net force is directly proportional to the


magnitude of the net force, in the same direction as the net force, and inversely proportional
to the object’s mass.

- F=ma

- “ The more force, the more acceleration.”

3rd Law of Motion

- also known as “Law of Interaction”

- “for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction”

Frame of Reference

- Consists of an abstract coordinate system and the set of physical reference points that
uniquely fix the coordinate system and standardize measurements within that frame.

2 types of Frames of Reference

1. Inertial Frame of Reference


- A frame where Newton’s law holds true. That means if no external force is acting
on a body it will stay at rest or remain in uniform motion.
2. Non-Inertial Frame of Reference
- Now we can define a non-inertial frame as a frame that is accelerated with respect
to the assumed inertial frame of reference. Newton’s law will not hold true in
these frames.
Action at a Distance Force
- In physics, action at a distance is the concept that an object can be affected without being
physically touched (as in mechanical contact) by another object. Non-contact forces is action
at a distance affecting specifically an object’s motion.

Action at a Distance Forces:


Gravitational Force - The attraction of the earth’s mass for bodies near its surface.

Electrical Force - The repulsive or attractive interaction between any two charged bodies is
called as electric force or electrostatic force. The electric force is one of the various forces that
act on objects.

Magnetic Force - It is the basic force responsible for such effects as the action of electric
motors and the attraction of magnets for iron.

Mass - The amount of matter present in any object or body. Everything we see around us has
mass.

Weight - The measure of the force of gravity on an object will never change, but the weight of
an item can change based on its location.

Force - is either a push or pull. A force is an external agent that is capable of changing the
state of rest or motion of an object.

Contact Forces - these forces act between the objects in close contact with each other. It acts
at the point of direct contact between two surfaces. Newton’s laws of motion govern contact
forces. 2 objects are touching.

Different types of Contact Forces


1. Friction Force -When there is relative motion between two surfaces. This force is exerted
by a surface as an object move across it or makes an effort to move across it. Friction is
everywhere. There is a general conception that friction resists the motion of an object or
friction opposes the motion. Acts parallel to the surface.
2 types of friction
a. Static Friction - occurs between two bodies when an object is placed on a surface.
b. Kinetic friction – arises between two bodies when an object starts to move over a
surface.
2. Muscular Force
-the force exerted by the muscles of our body
3. Tension Force
-when the force is a rope, string, wire or chain exerts force on an object, such a force is
called tension force.
4. Normal Force
-this force comes up to support the object that is being placed on a stable object. Acts
perpendicular (horizontal) to the two surfaces in contact.
5. Drag Force
- The force on an object by a fluid to resist its motion through it is called the drag
force.
6. Air resistance
-refers to the opposition offered by the molecule of air against the motion of an
object across it. Air resistance is a type of friction force that acts upon objects as
they travel through the air.
7. Upthrust or Buoyancy
- When a body is immersed in a fluid, it experiences an upward force which is
called upthrust or buoyant force.
8. Surface Tension
- the force acting per unit length perpendicular to the line drawn on the surface of
liquid.

Non-contact Forces

- These forces act between two bodies that are not physically touching each other.

Example of non-contact forces are:

Magnetic force -the force that arises from attraction or repulsion between the poles of a
magnet is called magnetic force.

Gravitational force – every object in this universe attracts every other object with force called
gravitational force.

Electrostatic force – the force of attraction or repulsion arising from the static charges present
in the body is called electrostatic force.

Fluid Resistance
- refers to the forces a fluid places on a moving object in the opposite direction, also known as
drag. Drag is the force created by a fluid to resist the motion of an object through it.

Work, Energy, and Energy Conservation


Work and energy are closely related to the concept of force because an applied force can do
work on an object and cause an energy change. The ability to do work is defined as energy.
Work is defined as the transfer of energy into an object that causes displacement.

Work

- When a force is applied to an object, it performs work by moving it over a distance.

Energy

- In physics, energy is the capacity to do work. It can be potential, kinetic, thermal, electrical,
chemical, nuclear, or in other forms. There is also heat and work—energy in the process of
being transferred from one body to another. Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it can
only be transformed from one form to another. This is known as the principle of energy
conservation or the first law of thermodynamics.
Work done by force

- The work done by a force is the product of displacement and the component of the object's
applied force in the displacement direction.

Potential Energy

- stored energy that depends upon the relative position of various parts of a system. A spring
has more potential energy when it is compressed or stretched.

Kinetic Energy

- the energy of motion. Every moving object and particle have kinetic energy.

Energy Conservation

- A fundamental law of physics and chemistry stating that the total energy of an isolated
system is constant despite internal changes.

Power

- It is a measure of the rate at which work is done (or similarly, at which energy is transferred).

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