1 2.8 12 8 1.

53
2 8 2.29
4 28 2.07
5 22 1.69
10 12 0.07
12 30
18 14

-7.62 Column1 12 64 3
2.37 8 12
-9.11 Mean -1.66666667 28 2
0.55 Standard Erro 2.33187002 22 3
5.48 Median -0.56 12 5
-1.67 Mode #N/A 30
Standard Devi 5.71189169 14
Sample Varian 32.6257067
Kurtosis -1.49934235 a
Skewness -0.29250824 15
Range 14.59 2
Minimum -9.11 10
Maximum 5.48
Sum -10 0.1333333333333
Count 6 A has smaller CV

800
sd = 100
85th percentile
0.86982757 Column1
1.53
Mean 1.53
Standard Erro 0.38899871
Median 1.69
Mode #N/A
Standard Devi 0.86982757
Sample Varia 0.7566

4.0620192 2 2.5
3 8.5
3 6
5
12

mean = 80
b n = 700
5 SD = 10
0.8 90 up = 750
15 80 to 89 =400

0.16
 7 -14
12 18
850 32
8
-600
10
17
19
50
-35
-70
p(a)=.64 0.1276
p(b)=.29 0.128 a and b
p(A/B)=.44

0.802 a or b

0.2 p(b/a)

AA=.49 0.74 At least one

A=.51 0.26 NEITHER
Both D = .26 0.530612244897959 P(BgivenA)

Mutually Exclusive events don’t share common outcomes

union of events a and b contain all outcomes, a or b
intersection of events a&b contain outcomes, a and b
complement of a, is event consisting of all outcomes in S that aren’t A YY=79
personal assessment = subjective probability XX= 27

a = .7
b = .5 0.8
a&b = .4
stock a = .63
stock b = .37 0.2516
If SB, then SA = .68 0.7484 at least one rises
a&b = .2516

Do HW = .6 0.57 DO HW & PASS

Pass = .85 0.88
Do HW/Pass = .95 0.12 WONT HW/PASS

a = .6 0.3 A AND B
b = .5 0.8 A OR B

A =.3 0.06 both a and b

b = .2

27/159 = .1698
100/200 = .5
5!= 5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1
SD[X] = SQRT[NPQ]
1.5477 e[x] = x[i]*p(Xi=xi)
1.24406591465244 1.9
E[x] = 1.9

0.1
0.0081

if x is negative
p[X = x] is negative

0.6561
0.2916
0.9477
 0.100272567954442

p(-1.96< z <0)
0.0249978951482204
0.5
0.47500210485178

Z table = X.X y; 0.0X x

z=90 - 100/5 = -2
z= 95 - 100/5 = -1
p(-2 < z < 1)
-4
-1.33333333
probabilty to take between 3.5 and 2.5 hours 2
0.691462461274013 0.09121122 0.09121122
0.308537538725987 0.97724987 0.97724987
0.382924922548026 0.88603865
SD = 1
MEAN = 3
when stat is used to estimate parameter
stat is called estimator, certain value is estimate

SD of x[bar] equals population SD/SQRT of sample size

standard error of the sample mean

SAMPLE MEAN/EXPECTED VALUE = ESTIMATOR

Probability that average salary of 4 random is less than 50000

SD = 12000
MEAN = 54000
0.252492537546923

Probability that average salary of 4 is more 50000, less 60000

0.841344746068543
0.58885220852162

mean = 500; sd = 3; n = 100

496 < x< 506

Za/2 for 90%?
90
1.64485362695147

Var = 2.4 0.79809152

N = 25 13.2980915 upper limit
Smean = 12.5 11.7019085 lower limit
99% CL? Pmean?

ALPHA = 1-CL
SQRT N

Increase sample size

Decreases, narrower
0.09121122
22.31 mean
95% CL
[20.5051,24.2091]
95% cofident that average taxi fare will fall between 20.55 and 24.21 mean = 60
sd = 10
95%

0.05
whats ta/2,df for 95% CL of Pmean based on 15 observations 10
2.1447866879178 30
4.09222278

sigma known vs unknown

z table when known, t table when unknown

95% CL for mean GPA

n = 20; mean = 2.92; SD = .16
2.09302405440831
2.92+/-2.093(.16/sqrt20)

n = 30

90% CI
10

0.075
0.06
16.1072916666667
259.444844835069

0.064375
0.004144140625
 -3.02 -20.3
-9.52 -17.95
19.87 38.7
9.33 20.86
4.65 9.26
11.02 33.42
6.16 13.82
-22.21 44.73
20.05 31.91

t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances

Mean
Variance
Observations
Hypothesized Mean Difference
df
t Stat
P(T<=t) one-tail
t Critical one-tail
P(T<=t) two-tail
t Critical two-tail
 12015
120.15
920.15

1.2815515655
0.8413447461 336.537898

-3.02 -20.3
4.91875 21.84375
207.8912125 407.213455
8 8
0
13 4.09222278 4.09222278
-1.9301859919 55.9077772 64.0922228
0.03784624346
1.77093339599
0.07569248693
2.16036865646 -0.2
0.12649111
-1.58113883
 n = 500
0.54

0.2575
Happiness Age
62 49
66 51
67 41
71 65
87 84
60 41
86 83
78 18
59 36
63 61
77 15
90 86
70 73
62 32
93 84
72 23
58 52
73 72
63 63
66 30
78 72
60 47
95 88
72 69
mean = 73
population parameter
mean score on 8th grade comprehension test

no more than .5 babies out of wedlock

parameter = current proportion of babies out of wedlock

Ho: p =< .5; Ha: p>.5

 -0.2
0.0474341649
-4.2163702136

1.2413303E-05
0.04181513761

0.4

0.26136455155
0.19899346539
0.46035801694

0.08978156351
0.55013958045
0.01822837805
0.56836795849
True for all events A and B:
P(NOT A) = 1 - P(A) = P(A)C
P(A OR B), which is the same as P(at least one of A OR B),
P(A OR B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A AND B)
P((NOT A) AND (NOT B)), which is the same as P(neither A nor B), = 1 - P(A
OR B)
P(A GIVEN B) = P(A AND B)/P(B), provided that P(B)  0
P(A AND B) = P(A)P(B GIVEN A)
P(A AND (NOT B)) = P(A) - P(A AND B)

True only for independent events A and B:

P(A GIVEN B) = P(A)
P(A AND B) = P(A)P(B)
P((NOT A) AND (NOT B)) = P(NOT A)P(NOT B)
P(A AND (NOT B)) = P(A)P(NOT B)
P((NOT A) AND B) = P(NOT A)P(B)

True only for Mutually Exclusive events A and B:

P(A AND B) = 0
P(A)= # of desired outcomes/ total # of possible outcomes
U = OR; = AND